In view of the complexity of geological objects, it is difficult to simulate three-dimensional geology with traditional CAD methods. 1989, Professor Mallet of the University of Nancy, France, put forward the research plan of computer-aided design (GOCAD) of geological bodies. After nearly 20 years of development, the achievements of the plan have been widely used in the oil and gas industry and have made great achievements.

Starting from 1992, Peking University launched the research plan of three-dimensional geo-spatial information system (GSIS), aiming at establishing an information system for geological information sharing, data analysis and processing, decision support and auxiliary scientific research and teaching (Li Kuixing et al., 1999).

Since 2000, the British Geological Survey (DGSM) has carried out a five-year research plan (Smith, 2005) of the Digital Geoscience Spatial Model Project, aiming at establishing a national three-dimensional geological model for authoritative users. The purpose is to reveal the geological data owned by the British Geological Survey in the form of digital model through the joint efforts of experienced geological experts and information technology personnel, and to provide customers with visual forms for development and use.

Poland took the lead in establishing the first national three-dimensional geological model in Europe for the evaluation and management of geothermal resources (Malolepszy, 2005).

Since 1990, with the support of Canadian federal government and local government funds, the national geoscience mapping plan (Keller et al., 2005) has been put forward, aiming at promoting the development of interdisciplinary subjects and devoting itself to establishing regional three-dimensional geological models. A hydrogeological model has been established in Manitoba to study the protection of water resources. Around 2000, using thousands of borehole data and adopting certain interpolation methods, a regional geological model was established and groundwater investigation was carried out (Logan et al., 2001; Sharp et al., 2002; Thorleifson et al., 2003).

Zhu Hehua and Li Xiaojun of Tongji University (2007) started from the research status and trend of geotechnical and underground engineering information technology, and put forward the concept of digital underground space and engineering (DUSE) systematically and completely on the basis of digital stratum (Zhu Hehua, 1998), that is, to provide an open information organization method and information release framework for underground space and engineering, and to establish a complete data standard and data processing method. This paper studies the basic theoretical framework system of underground space and engineering, describes and defines the system from four angles of engineering, information, service and software architecture, gives the data classification system and data standardization method of underground space and engineering, and divides the object modeling of underground space and engineering into three categories: geological body modeling, underground pipeline modeling and underground structure modeling. This book is the core research content of geological modeling method under this system.