Protect the essence of historical and cultural traditions, protect the historical information of the city, and repair the damaged, dilapidated and dangerous parts, so as to make the old as before, repair the old as before, and make the environment as before. The following are related articles on the protection of world cultural heritage that I have compiled and shared. Welcome to read! Protection of World Cultural Heritage Paper 1
Cultural Heritage and Protection
Abstract: Protect the essence of historical and cultural traditions, protect the historical information of cities, repair damaged, dilapidated and dangerous parts, rectify the old as before, repair the old as before, and maintain the environment as before. Respect for history is the first priority, and it is also necessary to deeply understand that ancient buildings are the real wealth of the city, even if they are only a section of walls, they should be taken seriously.
Keywords: keeping the old as before; Repair the old as before; The environment is the same.
as early as more than 6 years ago, Mr. Liang Sicheng was worried about the decline of ancient historical buildings in China in the trend of "Westernization". He once sighed that studying and protecting historical buildings is a kind of "work against the times". [1] After the Second World War, there was a wave of reuse of modern buildings. This is because the reconstruction of many cities after the war was even more urgent. At that time, under the shadow of modernism, many developers and architects took destruction and reconstruction as their first choice in order to achieve rapid development and pursue urban effects. They are unwilling to improve those old buildings with good condition and historical significance to better adapt to the requirements of the new era and meet people's needs. Many old buildings were razed to the ground in the rumble.
domestic attitudes towards old buildings can be roughly divided into three periods.
in the 196s, in order to break the capitalism, a number of valuable historical buildings were flattened to plus or minus zero zero.
The old buildings in 198s are often regarded as obstacles to the development of some bases, which destroyed a number of valuable old buildings.
In the 199s, some cities destroyed some valuable old buildings on the grounds that they were incompatible with the overall environment, old and sick.
With the acceleration of urbanization, the architectural heritage in many places is in a bad situation, which is either unrecognizable after renovation or lingering in protected areas, and the market is "eyeing" it driven by the huge real estate potential of historical areas. Looking through the World Heritage List up to 23, we can see that there are 29 world heritages that represent China. Apart from four natural heritages and a few poor cultural landscapes that reflect people's life history, most of them are palaces and graves of feudal emperors and literati, and their religious temples for maintaining their rule. Of course, we should cherish the historical heritage, and protecting and treating them well is a sign of civilization.
Compared with several ancient civilizations in the world, including China, France's history and cultural relics can't be said to be very long and numerous, but now France and the French always appear as cultural powers and are proud of their excellent traditional culture. This pride comes from their deep-rooted concept of cultural heritage protection. In modern France, the word "heritage" is so widely used that people's first reaction when they hear it does not involve property, but "cultural heritage" owned by the whole people and a series of related words: cultural heritage day, cultural heritage school, cultural heritage foundation, and cultural heritage encyclopedia & hellip; The majestic and splendid palaces, mottled and towering Gothic churches, classical furniture with golden lights and priceless paintings all add luster to France. In fact, France, with its outstanding achievements in the protection of cultural heritage, has become the world's most impressive tourist country. Why do you do it so well? Let's look at the following.
in 1887, France enacted the world's first law on the protection of cultural relics.
on December 31, 1913, the first law of cultural relics protection in the modern world, the law on the protection of historical sites, was born in France.
France's law on the protection of cultural relics is comprehensive and detailed. For example, even if a nail is nailed to the wall in an ancient building on the protection list, it must be approved. In a specially protected 17th century building, the position of furniture can't be changed casually. Any violation of the regulations will be severely punished. Especially because the concept of cultural relics protection is deeply rooted in people's hearts, the public is willing to be the "supervisor" of cultural relics protection. A guy who destroys cultural relics and disrespects the ancients will be regarded as a robber and thief in the eyes of ordinary people. It is an international trend to hold cultural and large-scale celebrations by using scenic spots and historical sites in recent years, but these activities are strictly restricted. They said that in these magnificent halls, "we can't touch anything except the air here;" We can't leave anything but sound! "
In 1964, France conducted a comprehensive inventory of cultural heritage, and the number of historical buildings registered by the state reached 4,, and this number is still increasing. These situations show that under the background of globalization, people are worried about the loss of national identity and eager to seek the identity of national culture, and any heritage that can strengthen this identity is doubly cherished. [2]
However, in China, the situation is not optimistic. That kind of behavior, which is partly indiscriminate and arbitrarily destroys the heritage under the pretext of development, has not disappeared today. At present, the newspaper reports that the Great Wall has been trampled by young people from abroad at will. The Great Wall is a symbol of China's reunification and a great cultural heritage, but Chinese people actually "sell" it to foreigners at the price of 6 yuan per person for the benefit and regardless of the national image. Relatively speaking, the French will never do this.
As early as 2, CCTV's Focus Interview reported that dozens of precious and well-preserved traditional houses in Jianshui Ancient City of Yunnan Province, including Wuguanfu, Jinshifu and Hanlindi, which were well known by Jianshui people, had been demolished. According to the demolition plan, more than 1 traditional houses along the 66-meter-long Jianxin Street were also razed to the ground.
However, according to Li Guocai, deputy magistrate of Jianshui County, the reason for demolishing these heritages is only to "build this street into a pedestrian mall integrating sightseeing, leisure, entertainment and vacation" ―― to turn it into an antique street of Qing style. The reporter asked: "On the one hand, it is a real historical relic, and on the other hand, it is a fake antique with reinforced concrete. Which one is more valuable should be very clear.
this kind of destruction of cultural heritage often happens. In an art magazine, an article about the destruction of the old railway station passenger building was published, describing a landmark building designed and built by Germans at the beginning of this century. No matter its age or architectural artistic value, it should be unconditionally preserved from many angles. Unfortunately, the final result was generously demolished, because only a few people made a weak voice about the historical and artistic value of the old building at that time. It is very clear that the profound historical and cultural accumulation in urban and rural areas is on the verge of disappearing with the disappearance of architectural heritage. The various conflicts of interest caused by deliberate protection have triggered one fierce social conflict after another. Faced with such a complicated situation, what can we do? What should I do?
There are many internal and external factors in the protection and renovation of cultural heritage. In the renovation and renovation, "seeking the roots" is the designer's pursuit, and the success of the renovation of an old building will usher in an unusual reputation. To this end, respect for history is the first priority, and at the same time, we must deeply understand that ancient buildings are the real wealth of cities, even if they are only a section of walls, they should be taken seriously. In this respect, Beijing Yuan Metropolis Ruins Park can be said to be a successful example. On the basis of repairing and repairing the old, soldiers give people the culture and civilization of the past. Its success lies in retaining the old relics, implementing key renovation and solving the requirements of new functions for ancient sites.
protect the essence of historical and cultural traditions, protect the historical information of the city, and repair the damaged, worn-out and dangerous parts, and make the old as before, repair the old as before, and make the environment as before.
There is a hidden meaning in the term "keeping the old as before", which means that when repairing an ancient building, some parts of it should be restored to the original appearance as much as possible when there is sufficient basis. A famous example is the renovation of Hagia Sophia Cathedral in Istanbul, Turkey. This building used to be a _ _ _ _ church. After it was changed into an Islamic mosque, the early Christ _ _ _ painted in the 6th century was covered with Islamic decoration. Modern cultural relics restorers carefully stripped off the surface of the later decorations and re-exposed the wall paintings of the early Hagia Sophia.
Only those objects that have sufficient archaeological evidence, such as long-term investigation, mapping, interpretation, debate and scheme discussion, and fully understand their original conditions, which have been destroyed for various reasons, can be accepted and even meaningful if they are restored to their original appearance after careful and detailed restoration research and argumentation when necessary.
Undoubtedly, the protection and utilization of architectural heritage will be an important agenda of architecture in the 21st century. From the current nationwide perspective, urban and rural renewal has become an irresistible trend of the times, but blind "demolition and construction" and "demolition and falsification" are rampant. However, there is still some flexibility between the protection principle and actual operation on how to effectively protect and rationally use a large number of architectural heritage in China with wood structure as the main body, and how to protect cultural heritage in a targeted manner needs to be put forward.
References:
[1] Liang Sicheng, Why Study China Architecture, Journal of China Architectural Society, Volume 7, Issue 1.
[2] See the article "France: Regaining Cultural Heritage as Life" by Zheng Yuanyuan, a reporter of People's Daily Online in France.
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