It is suggested that banks save more money in addition to their daily expenses, and the proportion of fixed investment per month can account for one-half to one-third of their wages. In the choice of investment tools, priority should be given to the stock market with great long-term appreciation potential, and the overall allocation of diversified risk assets should be done well. Because of the different life trajectories of young men and women, there are some differences in their financial management methods.
Male students' financial management specimens
Basic information: College student Xiao Li, male, 24 years old, with a monthly salary of 2,000 yuan, works for three months, and most of his income is used for rent, eating out and clubbing. I've been working for 3 months, and I haven't got any savings yet. Seeing an empty wallet at the end of each month, I began to worry about buying a house and a car, and soon got married.
Financial management believes that the stage of college student Xiao Li is the family growth period, which refers to a period from work to marriage, usually 2 to 5 years. This period is the accumulation period of future families, and everyone's economic income is relatively low and their expenses are relatively large. Although college student Xiao Li's income is not high, his income expectation is good. It is suggested that at this stage, he should adjust his financial planning in the order of accumulating wealth first, then adding value and then buying a house. It is suggested that the first goal should not be too difficult to achieve, and it will take about 2-3 years to achieve. After reaching the first goal, you can set a slightly more difficult second goal, which will take about 3-5 years.
Recommendation 1: "snowball" savings method
Money is the only way to manage money. The most urgent thing for Xiao Li, a college student, is to collect money. We can use the ingenious method of "snowballing". If you deposit the remaining money into a one-year deposit every month, you will have 12 certificates of deposit in your hand after one year. In this way, no matter which month is in urgent need of money, you can withdraw the deposits due in that month. If you don't need money, you can transfer the due deposit together with interest and the remaining money on hand to a one-year fixed deposit. This "snowball" way to save money ensures that you will not lose the opportunity to manage your finances. Now all banks have automatic deposit service. But when saving money, you should make an agreement with the bank for automatic transfer. In doing so, on the one hand, it avoids the loss of not transferring the deposit in time after maturity, and the overdue part bears interest according to the current demand; On the other hand, if the expected annualized interest rate is lowered shortly after the maturity of the deposit, and there is no agreement on automatic transfer, the interest will be calculated according to the lowered expected annualized interest rate, and the interest will be calculated according to the higher expected annualized interest rate before the reduction. If the annualized interest rate is expected to rise after the expiration, it can also be taken out for re-deposit.
Recommendation 2: Potential tapping method
Your occupation may not be able to use all the skills you learned in college. For example, Xiao Li, a college student, often goes to bars outside, which means that he can finish his work easily and has a lot of energy. At this time, he should overcome inertia, give full play to his potential and work hard while he is young and single. If you are good at writing, you can engage in amateur creation. If you have financial knowledge, you might as well take a second job, which will not only be of great benefit to your work, but also accumulate considerable capital.
Recommendation 3: Reasonable investment methods.
After comprehensively applying the above "open source and reduce expenditure", after a period of accumulation, you are a single youth with certain assets, and the focus of financial management will turn to investment. For example, if you are forced to save and invest, you can use part of your assets as a down payment to buy real estate, and the insufficient part can be borrowed from the bank, forcing you to pay interest on schedule if you save irregularly. Your remaining assets can be invested in low-risk and high-yield projects such as treasury bonds, funds or subscription of new shares, and the expected annualized expected income can be used to speed up repayment. If you have relevant knowledge and strong risk awareness, you can try to invest 70% of your assets in high-risk active investments (such as stocks) and the remaining 30% in conservative investments (such as government bonds and time deposits). Assets can also be divided into five parts, which are invested in treasury bonds, insurance, stocks, fixed savings or current savings, and venture capital, insurance investment and emergency money can all be taken into account.
Recommendation 4: Take some risks appropriately.
Personal financial management can take risks on its own initiative according to its own risk-taking ability, so as to obtain higher expected annualized expected income. For example, the price increase rate of medical expenses is much higher than that of deposits. If we want to get complete medical services in the future, we must pursue higher investment expectations and annualized expected returns now, so we must also bear greater investment risks. As a young man with academic expertise, although college student Xiao Li's income is not high, his income expectation is good, so his objective risk tolerance is not low. Avoiding risks too much and missing reasonable opportunities to get rich will only affect the accumulation of wealth and the improvement of life quality. You can try a variety of investments. If you want to buy a house in a few years, convertible bonds are a good investment direction. This kind of bond usually has interest income and can be converted into stocks to make a lot of money when there is a price difference. Investing in this tool will not affect the major arrangements for buying a house because of the loss of principal, and it is possible to earn high returns. It is an investment method of "attack if you advance, and defend if you retreat".
Female financial management specimen
Basic information: Macey, female college student, 25 years old, monthly income 1500 yuan. She has worked for half a year and has a savings of 3000 yuan. She hopes to obtain stable expected annualized expected income through appropriate financial management methods.
According to financial management, although Macey, a female college student, has only worked for half a year, she has accumulated a small amount of assets, which shows that women are born with the awareness of financial management. For low-income young people like them, investment planning is not the main content of her financial management. At present, we should mainly preserve the value of financial assets and maintain their good liquidity.
Proposal 1: Fixed fixed-term investment fund
For Macey, a female college student, the quota can be set regularly.
Investment plan. Some models of fixed-term investment plan are similar to "lump sum deposit and withdrawal" in bank deposits. The regular investment plan is essentially an investment tool of "saving" and "investing". For Macey, a female college student who has just joined the work, buying and holding a certain number of open-end funds for a long time can not only get higher dividends than banks and debt interest brought by professional securities financing, but also effectively avoid greater risks in the stock market. And many open-end funds "regular quota plans" are very suitable for young investors with less principal. Huaan Innovation, Boss Value Growth, Cai Xiang Hefeng and other open-end funds have all made this investment plan, while other open-end funds have left room for this plan in their fund contracts.
Regular quota plan, also known as unit average cost method, means that investors invest a fixed amount in a fixed fund at a fixed time interval (usually one month), regardless of the time of entry and the fluctuation of market price. When the net value of the fund rises with the market, the number of fund shares subscribed by quota will decrease, while the number of fund shares subscribed by the same amount will be more, so as to spread the time of purchasing funds and balance the ups and downs of the market. When investors need funds, they can redeem all or part of the funds. Compared with one-time subscription, regular plan has four obvious advantages. First of all, the starting point is low. The minimum subscription amount of some open-end funds already under planning is only 200 yuan. Second, automatic transfer. You only need to sign a contract at the fund sales outlets at one time, and the subscription for each period in the future will be automatic. Third, the average investment disperses the risk. Finally, the biggest advantage of the plan lies in gathering sand into towers.
Recommendation 2: Insurance is a necessary choice for insurance.
From the perspective of personal financial planning, insurance is the most powerful financial management tool, with dual functions of investment and protection.
Due to the implementation of the new medical insurance system, Macey, a female college student, has just started working, so it is very important to buy a suitable insurance. Generally speaking, young people are in good health. Except minor illnesses such as colds, serious illnesses are unlikely, and the risk factors mainly come from accidental injuries. Compared with whole life insurance, which has higher protection, the cost of accident insurance is relatively low, which is more suitable for the income level of college graduates at this stage. Therefore, it is a wise choice to buy a targeted accident insurance.
There are many kinds of accidental injury insurance. In addition to ordinary accident insurance, it is constantly refined into personal accident insurance for passengers, tourists, designated transport passengers, outbound personnel, tourist attractions and entertainment places, motor vehicle drivers and passengers, accommodation passengers, bus passengers and road passengers.
Single financial management skill
Use your brain skillfully and learn financial management skills. As long as you persist for a long time, you can still save some money
1. Time deposit. The first thing to do after receiving your salary every month is to make a rough estimate based on this month's expenditure, then deduct this month's expenditure from your salary and deposit the rest in the bank.
Second, get into the habit of keeping accounts. Every month, make a careful inventory of what you should buy, such as clothes and daily necessities, and write it down in a special book, then go to the market you know and make purchases as planned. This way, you won't buy things blindly, and you can also get rid of the bad habit of spending money indiscriminately.
Third, thrift is an important part of reducing daily expenses. For example, using some energy-saving and water-saving facilities, sharing a house with classmates and so on. In fact, many expenses in daily life are unnecessarily wasted. These amounts seem insignificant, but they persist for many years, but they are a lot of money! For example, catering, eating and drinking in restaurants is very expensive, and cooking at home can save a lot of money.
Fourth, insist on cash payment and use credit cards as little as possible. Credit card has always been an important means for banks and businesses to make profits. On the other hand, it is also a way for customers to spend all their money unconsciously. Just swipe your card, which "omits" your thinking process of buying tickets and shopping according to your ability. Never buy anything that is dispensable but needs half a month's salary.
5. Deferred consumables. As long as you are diligent in nursing at ordinary times, you can prolong your life and improve its utilization rate, which is virtually equivalent to reducing the increased cost due to premature replacement.
Therefore, we should strengthen the care of large household appliances such as audio, television, refrigerator and washing machine, as well as vehicles such as bicycles and motorcycles, so as to prolong the service life of articles.
Six, master the small maintenance technology. Learn as much as possible about the principles and maintenance knowledge of household appliances and mechanical items. In this way, in daily life, electrical appliances, machinery, decorations, etc. There are some minor problems, minor problems, which can be repaired by yourself.
Seven, reduce human consumption expenditure. In today's society, there are many kinds of human consumption patterns, but we must master the principles of appropriateness, moderation and moderation. If something happens at home, the smaller the better. On the one hand, you don't waste money, on the other hand, you reduce the expenditure burden of relatives and friends and your debt of gratitude.