The new development trend of social work in China in the 21st century

The 21st century is a century of "great transformation of civilization". In the 21st century, China society is changing: the social components are becoming more and more complex, the social structure is readjusted, social interests are redistributed, and social life is changing rapidly. In the process of continuous transformation and improvement of social functions, social work is a major and practice in modern society, which involves realizing harmony between people and society and promoting social progress in a wide range of fields including material and spiritual life, medical care, education, service and adjustment. Social work researchers and practitioners must understand, adapt and solve new situations, changes and problems brought about by social changes.

New development in China's social work policy research

Since the emergence of social work with modern significance in the late 19th century and early 2th century, social systems in various countries, such as social security systems, need to be implemented by specially trained people with specialized knowledge, and make social welfare develop in the direction of social work research. In this process, social work-related policies, as the guidelines of activities and as the norms to mobilize and restrain people's behavior, have made great progress. The study of policy theory is gradually deepening in combination with the reality of various countries. The development of social work in China, especially the study of policies, has been explored by European and American scholars studying in China since the beginning of the 2th century. However, the coverage is partial and the development is slow. Since the founding of New China, especially since 198s, social work policies, such as social welfare, social relief, social security, education, health care, service and administration, on the one hand, pay attention to individual policies, on the other hand, pay more attention to many aspects of policy theory research. Development means improvement on the basis of reality. With the in-depth reform at all levels of society, stability, peace, fairness and efficiency have become the pursuit of all members of society, including the disadvantaged, which promotes the inevitable improvement of the social stability mechanism and means the inevitable arrangement of the new policy and system of social work as an effective mechanism. According to the distinctive characteristics and development law of social work, in view of the fact that the present situation of social work in China is far from meeting the objective needs, and drawing on the advanced experience model and policy research level of foreign countries, China's social work will surely have a new development in policy in the 21st century.

first, establish a standardized and institutionalized job security system according to different contents. For example, in the Outline of the Ninth Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development and the Long-term Objectives for 21, the social security system "during the Ninth Five-Year Plan period, we should speed up the reform of the pension, unemployment and medical insurance systems, and initially form a multi-level social security system that combines social security, social relief, social welfare, special care and placement, social mutual assistance and personal savings accumulation security", and "form a relatively perfect social security system" in the next 15 years. The social relief system with urban-rural differences will develop in the direction of legalization, institutionalization and standardization. In the 21st century, social mutual aid policies and regulations will be perfected, working institutions and application systems will be integrated, and a standardized social mutual aid system will be formed. Strengthen the social work consideration and service evaluation system. Establish the professional orientation that social workers should have, carry out their work under the guarantee of law (system), formulate the planning rules of social workers' professional ethics education and so on.

second, in view of the reality of unbalanced development among regions, flexible policy-making forms should be adopted. From the east to the west, from the city to the island, to the countryside, to the mountainous area, the development and development of social work in China is very uneven. It is a development trend in the 21st century that China's policies are oriented to the rule of law. In the process of using the existing policy resources, introducing, digesting and localizing, the social work policy can formulate relatively standardized laws and regulations, and be fixed and implemented in the form promulgated by the state administrative organs. Social work policy can also be based on national laws and regulations, aiming at the differences of regional social and economic development level and structure, and formulate relevant policies with relatively limited implementation scope. Social work policies can also focus on the research and formulation of special policies. For example, in combination with the resources and characteristics of social work, non-governmental mass organizations can formulate some regulations, rules and instructions that are suitable for the internal groups, and turn them into operational requirements, methods and measures that conform to the characteristics of social work objects, and improve them in practice. For example, after several years of development and operation, it is necessary to institutionalize the volunteer activities in China, improve the mechanism, and have clear rules and systems for the operation of volunteer services such as articles of association, volunteer service stations, poverty alleviation relay and social recruitment.

the third is to improve the implementation capacity of social work policies. Change the status quo of multi-head management and develop into a unified management organization. Change the current situation that the implementation mechanism and supervision system of the policy system are weak, separate implementation and supervision, and strengthen the legal responsibility system. Change the current tendency that the scope of policy implementation is mostly confined to cities, face a vast new rural world, and expand the effective coverage of policies. In the process of implementation, we should always be judged and tested by social work practice, and revise, supplement and enrich the original policies in time. Pay attention to the matching and connection with social policies in time.

The new expansion of regional research on social work in China

First, the research on new growth points, new fields and new horizons of urban social work. At present, the academic circles generally believe that China has entered the middle stage of industrialization, but the level of urbanization in China has not reached the initial level of industrialization. Adjusting the social structure is an urgent matter and a trend. The state should also intensify its efforts and adopt appropriate policies to speed up urban construction. In the process of urbanization, with the continuous strengthening of industrialization, the individual's mind is increasingly closed, and the demand for space that can produce * * * sounds is increasingly strong. Everyone can't keep their original self in life. They increase the identity between "people" and "people" and the agreement between "people" and "domain", which puts forward new requirements for the research and practice of social work. In the 21st century, as the basic cell of the city, with the improvement of its functions, people are increasingly dependent on the community. No matter what modes are adopted, such as "combination of old and new buildings", "modern community", "high-rise building" and "closed community for enterprises", communities are inseparable from regional conditions, which are different due to differences in geographical environment (natural, cultural and economic) and personnel structure. Community work should be normalized, healthy and lasting. This is a new growth point, new field and new world of social work.

the second is the study of new growth points, new fields and new horizons of regional social work in rural areas (including islands, mountains and water towns). While focusing on the study of urban social work, another rural area, including islands, mountains and water towns, which is often neglected by researchers today and accounts for a considerable proportion of the earth's territory, will become an important field of social work research in the 21st century. Each community will determine its own characteristic orientation according to different regional conditions, county conditions and rural conditions, and explore new ways to establish social work with island characteristics, mountain characteristics and water town characteristics. At the same time, social activities for the benefit of most people must be practiced in various places, such as the establishment of a sound rural security system, the effective protection of the legitimate rights and interests of women, children, the elderly and the disabled, and the exploration of social work models in rural areas such as social welfare, social relief and social services, which will be important contents of social research.

The new research trend of socialization of social work in China

First, strengthen the research on socialization of social work objects. The socialization of human beings means that people constantly reflect and adjust their relationship with others through their contact and interaction with others around them in social life, form their social attributes and promote their transformation from biological people to social people. In the 21st century, the content and form of human socialization will be more extensive. From the "unit person" in the 2th century to the "social person" or even a higher-level social activist, the outstanding performance of people's socialization in the 21st century is first to integrate into the market, which is more profound in the more intense and mature market competition. Secondly, it is going to the society. In the 21st century, it will change the situation that individuals have unit administrative leadership in society and rely on their parents and relatives in the family since the 2th century, jump out of the social support system of the network of administrative and family relatives, realize cultural integration and psychological refuge in a broad social background, and seek new harmony between man and nature, man and society, man and man, and man and himself. A prominent function of social work is to integrate new interpersonal relationships and social networks, coordinate relationships and get rid of difficulties. Therefore, in the process of people's socialization, social work should combine "the majority serves the minority" and "the minority serves the majority" in view of the above characteristics and people's needs in education, life, employment, and social interaction, and follow the principle of consistency between personal goals and organizations. For example, the development of community work takes various forms, such as consortia, liaison stations and fraternity, not only from the management and protection services, but also from the development services.

the second is to emphasize the degree of socialization of social work. The degree of active participation and socialization of social work needs to be improved. For example, as a symbol of civilization in the 21st century, the key to environmental protection is to establish a social environment and social mechanism for public participation. Public participation in environmental protection is not only an effective social supervision, but also an effective self-education and social education. One of the important aspects of the socialization theory of social work is to find the exact meeting point of social work's active participation, so as to improve the harmony between man and nature.

the third is to explore the socialized work mode of social work. This is an innovative idea formed in recent years. Aiming at the infinite expansion of people's life fields of clothing, food, housing, traveling, shopping and entertainment, the social work model is worth discussing. Nowadays, the prominent role of the government in post-social work is relatively weakened, but its role will exist and continue for a long time to come. Therefore, it is necessary to develop socialized non-governmental organizations with certain independent funds and resources and explore new working mechanisms. For example, the social security system should gradually form a social security system with China characteristics, which is independent of enterprises and institutions, with multiple sources of funds and socialized management services. Another example is the sustainable development of community service. It is necessary to increase the appeal, appeal and influence, establish a socialized and autonomous working mode of community work, and form a trend of administrative development to autonomy.

New research trends of social work "online community" in China

In the 21st century, more and more people from all walks of life, especially teenagers, are attracted by the more colorful Internet, which makes them indulge in the "online world". They have increased their investment in computer hardware and software in order to overcome internet addiction. The "online generation" gains knowledge, exchanges ideas and participates in activities in the network. A "virtual" social group exists in reality. In the face of the more mechanical, indifferent and functional interpersonal relationship, how to construct the structure, mechanism and function of "online community" and lead the "online generation" to develop in an elegant but not vulgar, popular and not vulgar direction?

social work must combine its own characteristics with the particularity of "online community", break through the administrative area, and exert its positive effects by establishing "online community". Social work is between compulsory intervention on individuals and society by laws, regulations and administrative forces and guiding intervention on individuals and society by public opinion propaganda, ideological beliefs and ethics. However, the network covers a wide range of fields, so it is difficult to restrain the actions of netizens with completely consistent laws and regulations. Moreover, "netizens" are more anonymous and indirect. The development of social work "online community" community work is thus more challenging. Therefore, social work in "online community" should pay more attention to strengthening countermeasure research, finding problems, posing reasons, and solving problems, overcoming difficulties and alleviating contradictions. The working idea of "online community" should break through the traditional didactic ideology established in a closed environment, combine the traditional working methods and thinking modes, adopt a flexible and lively form, integrate into the life of "netizens", activate their initiative and participation, constantly enlarge and increase their sense of identity and belonging, and explore effective ways to establish corresponding professional "online community" in new fields. In this regard, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province has taken a gratifying first step: setting up the "Shenzhen Youth Network" on the Internet, facing young people and the whole society, and setting up "online literature society", "online college" and "online volunteer station" through opening up various information sites such as learning and training, legal counseling, psychological counseling, employment guidance, marriage and family, and healthy life, and bringing this into a wide range. The "Window of Huzhou" and "Reading Network" launched by the Communist Youth League Committee of Huzhou, Zhejiang Province also play a strong first-Mover advantage and field advantage, "combine education with service" and do a good job in guiding, educating and serving young people.

The social work of "online community" must make use of the technical advantages of the Internet to improve its response speed and service efficiency. Introduce computer management, information network technology, intermediary services, urban assistance, re-employment and other contents into the field of social work services, improve the scientific and technological content of services, meet the requirements of members to the greatest extent in the quickest way, and greatly improve the utilization rate of information resources and service resources.

The new research trend of specialization and professionalization of social workers in China

At present, government departments, experts and scholars, and social work practitioners have different understandings of social work. Government departments mostly investigate from the level of social work management, experts and scholars mostly analyze from academic and theoretical perspectives, and social work practitioners mostly start from the details of education and service. How to combine these three aspects organically and combine theoretical research, practical operation and countermeasure research to form a unified state of "Trinity"? According to the national conditions, the party, government, league, hospital, institute and other personnel should be often organized to participate in seminars; Organize provincial, municipal and district social work experience meetings, theoretical meetings and observation meetings, so that social workers in China can achieve the unity of sensibility and rationality, and cultivate successful professional workers with both scientific theory and practical experience.

Social work must be people-oriented, based on the aforementioned socialization, guaranteed by the legalization, oriented to the specialization and professionalization of social work, and pay full attention to economic benefits, social benefits and talent benefits.

first, the professional construction of colleges and universities. Establish and expand institutions specializing in social work education, arrange practical and feasible series of training courses, strengthen the professional quality of social workers, and strengthen the position and influence of social work specialty in the discipline field. Cultivate academic environment, atmosphere and conditions, and do some substantive work for the growth of talents and academic maturity. At present, China's social work education is still in the early stage of recovery and development, and the current situation of professional education is far from meeting the actual demand for majors (such as Zhejiang Province). In colleges and universities, we should vigorously strengthen discipline construction, expand discipline fields, expand enrollment targets, and attract young students who are interested in social work, so that they can truly master solid professional knowledge and use social workers' methods and values to deal with practical problems, thus taking the road of combining specialty with practice.

the second is the construction of specialized institutions. Establish social work groups with special subordinate and subordinate institutions engaged in various welfare services. It not only allows social workers in professional education to have special practice departments, but also provides professional posts for social workers, expands the backbone team specializing in social work, and creates a favorable environment for volunteers who are enthusiastic about social work in society to devote themselves to social services, so that they can mature in participation and experience.

the third is the construction of professional system. Establish a recognized professional code and an audit and certification system to ensure that the code is implemented. Jianlibao