top ten consortia in the world

1. Rockefeller Financial Group

One of the top ten consortia in the United States is the largest monopoly group in the United States based on the Rockefeller family's oil monopoly, and by constantly controlling financial institutions, its sphere of influence extends to all sectors of the national economy.

the founder J.D. Rockefeller can be said to be a microcosm of the monopolist in the 19th century. He started with oil, opened an oil refinery in Cleveland in 1863, and in 187, based on the refinery, he formed a standard oil joint-stock company (Mobil Oil Company) with 1 million capital. At that time, he only controlled 1%-2% of the national production capacity, but he quickly monopolized the American oil industry by implementing the cruel merger policy. In 1878, he controlled 95% of the national oil supply and refining market. The total assets were only $6.6 billion in 1935, and increased to $82.6 billion in 196, an increase of 11.5 times in 25 years. Since then, it has continued to achieve great development. In 1974, the total assets increased to $33.5 billion, surpassing the Morgan Consortium and ranking first among the top ten consortia in the United States.

There are 16 largest oil companies in the United States, 8 of which belong to Rockefeller Financial Group.

Rockefeller Financial Group is a typical example of mutual integration and mutual control of bank monopoly capital and industrial monopoly capital. It has a huge financial network, with Chase Manhattan Bank as the core, and more than 1 financial institutions including first national city bank, New York Chemical Bank and Metropolitan Life Insurance Company. Through these financial institutions, many industrial and mining enterprises are directly or indirectly controlled, and they occupy an important position in various economic sectors such as metallurgy, chemistry, rubber, automobile, food, air transportation, telecommunications and the arms industry. The arms companies under its control are: McDonald Douglas, Martin Marietta (controlled by Mellon Consortium), sperry Rand and westinghouse Electric Company (controlled by Mellon Consortium). Rockefeller Financial Group also controls the five largest airlines in the United States, including United Airlines, Pan Am, American Airlines, TWA and Eastern Airlines, alone or together with other consortia.

After the energy crisis in 1973, the countries of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries launched a tit-for-tat struggle with the monopoly capital of the United States, which dealt a heavy blow to Rockefeller Financial Group. The consortium took various measures to remedy this unfavorable situation. First of all, he participated in the development of domestic oil in the United States and strived for the lease right of offshore oil fields in the coastal areas of China. In 1976, he obtained 1.3 million acres of oil lease land in Alaska and the middle part of the Atlantic coast. We also developed the British North Sea oil field together with the Anglo-Dutch Shell Oil Company. It also penetrated into other relevant sectors of the energy industry. In addition, it also vigorously develops into the petrochemical industry.

Rockefeller Financial Group not only dominates the economic field, but also places a large number of agents in the government, which influences the domestic and foreign policies of the US government. For example, Dulles and rusk, former Secretary of State, have served as the chairman of the Rockwell Foundation; Before Kissinger became Secretary of State, he served as nelson rockefeller's personal adviser on foreign policy. Nelson rockefeller himself served as the vice president of the United States from 1974 to 1977. In addition, it also penetrated into education, science, health, art and social life through Rockefeller Foundation, Rockefeller Brothers Foundation and other organizations to expand its influence.

However, since 198s, Rockefeller Financial Group's economic strength has been declining day by day, and its status has also declined, which has been surpassed by Morgan Consortium. Mainly because of the mutual infiltration of American consortia, Rockefeller Financial Group's large enterprises such as Exxon Corporation and big banks such as Chase Manhattan Bank have been infiltrated by other consortia and become enterprises controlled by the same company.

2. Morgan Financial Group

One of the top ten American financial groups. Formed at the end of 19th century and the beginning of 2th century, it is a monopoly capital consortium that rules American economy. Founder J．P． Morgan founded drexel-Morgan Company in 1871 in partnership with others on the basis of the wealth of his father J．S． Morgan, engaged in banking business such as investment and credit. In 1894, the partner died, and it was wholly owned by him. In 1895, it was renamed J.P． Morgan Company, and based on this company, it expanded its power to financial undertakings and economic sectors (such as steel, railways and public utilities) and began to form a monopoly consortium. In 1912, the Morgan Consortium controlled 13 financial institutions, with total assets of 3.4 billion US dollars. Among them, Morgan Company was the strongest and dominated the American financial community. The financial bosses on Wall Street called Morgan Company "the banker of bankers". The Morgan Consortium made a fortune in the First World War, and after the war, with its abundant financial capital, it penetrated into all sectors of the national economy. In 193s, the total assets of the big banks and enterprises controlled by Morgan Consortium accounted for more than 5% of the eight American consortia at that time.

Due to the increasing competition among consortia, other consortia all take Morgan Consortium as the main target of attack, so its strength status has declined relatively, and it was once surpassed by Rockefeller Financial Group. In order to save the decline, it has taken various measures. In finance, we should make use of a solid financial foundation to expand our strength. In terms of industry, it has actively explored emerging technology industries, and since the 196s, it has leapt to the first place in the process departments such as electronic computers, high-speed photocopiers and microfilm. International Business Machines Corporation, affiliated to the consortium, is the largest enterprise in the world that produces electronic computers. The industries such as electrical equipment, power equipment and atomic energy equipment, which had a good foundation, have also made great progress. In the arms industry, General Electric Company, General Dynamics Company and Grumman Aircraft Company, which are controlled by Morgan Consortium, are among the top arms contractors of the US Department of Defense. By the late 197s, the trust assets of Morgan Consortium had grown rapidly, far exceeding those of other consortiums, and the rise of cutting-edge technology industries such as computers had doubled its economic strength. The Morgan Consortium is superior to Rockefeller Financial Group in terms of the number of enterprises it controls and the assets it owns.

Morgan consortium has a solid foundation in the financial industry. Its main pillar is J．P． Morgan Company. Morgan is one of the largest multinational banks in the world, with 1 subsidiaries and many branches in China, and more than 1, communication banks. It has branches or representative offices in about 2 big cities abroad, and owns equity in financial institutions in nearly 4 countries. Its operating characteristics are buying and selling stocks in large quantities and operating huge trust assets. It controls the shares of 37 foreign commercial banks, development banks, investment companies and other enterprises. In addition, there are manufacturers Hanover Company, new york Banker Trust Company, Northwest Bank Company, Prudent Life Insurance Company and new york Life Insurance Company. In industrial and mining enterprises, there are mainly international business machines corporation, general electric company, international telephone and telegraph company, American steel company and general motors company, etc. In terms of public utilities, there are AT&T and Southern Company.

Third, First National City Bank Financial Group

One of the top ten consortia in the United States, it is a large consortium in the east that rose after the war. Although its history is short, its total assets have surpassed several old consortia, ranking among the top ten consortia. With first national city bank as the core, the consortium, relying on its huge funds, expanded its power to the arms industry (such as rockets, missiles and airplanes) and civilian industries (such as electronics, chemicals, petroleum and non-ferrous metallurgy) and controlled a large number of famous large enterprises and companies. It is also one of the most active consortia in foreign expansion.

first national city bank's predecessor is new york Citibank, which was founded in 1812, and it is one of the oldest banks on Wall Street. By the end of 19th century and the beginning of 2th century, under the control of steelman and Rockefeller, it was used as the capital dispatching center of standard petroleum system (Mobil Oil System), and it developed rapidly. In the 193s, it was hit by the world economic crisis, and its business collapsed. In the wave of enterprise merger in 195s, it became active again. In 1955, it merged with the First National Bank of new york and changed its name to first national city bank, new york. In 1962, it changed its current name. With this bank as the core, the first Citibank consortium was formed and squeezed into the ranks of the top ten consortia in the United States.

The rapid development of the First Citibank Consortium is mainly due to the fact that its economic strength is composed of large companies and enterprises closely related to arms production in first national city bank. Boeing Company and United Aircraft Company, which are engaged in arms production under its control, have always been major arms contractors in the United States, except for the production of large civil airliners. They mainly contract military products such as jet bombers, militia III intercontinental missiles, Apollo program and the manufacture of rockets and space launchers, and get surprisingly high profits from military orders every year. Other enterprises affiliated to the consortium include Atlantic Richfield Oil Company (controlled by Morgan Consortium), Phillips Oil Company (controlled by Morgan Consortium), Xerox Company, Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company, Crawler Tractor Company (controlled by Morgan Consortium and DuPont Consortium) and National Cash Register Company which produces electronic computers. In business, there are Penny Company (controlled by Morgan Consortium) and jewelry store (controlled by Chicago Consortium). The above-mentioned enterprises are monopolized at home and abroad

4. Dupont Financial Group

One of the top ten consortia in the United States, it is a consortium formed by dupont family and started from the chemical industry and the arms industry. The founder is French immigrant E．I． Dupont de nemours. He fled to the United States during the French Revolution. In 182, he founded DuPont Company in Wilmington, Delaware, and operated the gunpowder business. After five generations of management in dupont family, DuPont finally became a typical family trust. DuPont's assets in World War I increased from $75 million before the war to $3 million in 1918. Become one of the largest monopoly companies at that time. The DuPont consortium was also formed. In 1935, the total assets of DuPont Consortium increased to US$ 2.63 billion, ranking sixth among the eight American consortia at that time. In the second world war, DuPont consortium obtained military orders worth $21 billion from the Pentagon, and participated in the manufacture of atomic bombs after the war, which greatly enhanced its economic strength and jumped to the fifth place among the top ten consortia; However, in the 196s, due to the intensified competition among consortia, DuPont consortium's position declined, relegating to the ninth place.

the economic strength of DuPont consortium is mainly industrial and mining. In 1974, the industrial and mining assets of the consortium accounted for 69% of its total assets. Industrial capital is mainly concentrated in DuPont and General Motors. Dupont is the largest chemical company in the United States, and 8% of its raw materials are petroleum. Since 1973, it has been repeatedly hit by the oil crisis. Since the 198s, the company has turned to the development of plastic industry and vigorously carried out scientific research to produce products that do not use petroleum as raw materials, such as the production of synthetic fibers by microbial fermentation. General Motors, another big company of DuPont Consortium (controlled by Morgan Consortium), is the largest automobile company in the United States.

DuPont consortium's bank capital is weaker than other consortia, lacking a well-funded financial institution as the core. For a long time, its financial business has to rely on Morgan Consortium and other consortia to provide funds.

DuPont consortium is a typical family trust. DuPont consortium is basically composed of dupont family, and its capital is mostly family wealth. All important positions were controlled by family members until the first half of 197s. The chairman and general manager of the company were successively held by "capable people" from outside.

v. Boston Financial Group

One of the top ten consortia in the United States is also one of the oldest monopoly consortia in the United States. It is composed of Lowell, Lawrence, Adams and Rocky in Boston, which became rich from the slave trade in the 19th century, and the emerging Kennedy family. At that time, these families invested huge sums of money accumulated from overseas colonial plunder in commercial banks, insurance companies and investment companies, and relied on these financial institutions to provide funds to operate textile industries such as textiles, leather, shoes, clothing, food and chemicals. Due to the rapid development of the textile industry, at the beginning of the 2th century, Boston, a family that has been intermarried for generations, took the First National Bank of Boston as the core and formed the Boston Consortium.

The First National Bank of Boston was founded in 1859. After the merger with the Bank of Massachusetts in 193, it was still called the First National Bank of Boston. It is the earliest multinational bank in America. In addition to banks, the Boston Consortium also owns four famous insurance companies, among which John Hancock Mutual Life Insurance Company and Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company are the largest.

the strength of the Boston consortium in industrial and mining enterprises is not as good as that of the eastern consortium. The industry it controlled used to be mainly the textile industry. Since 195s, it has used the scientific research achievements of Massachusetts Institute of Technology to develop emerging technology industries, and changed from the textile industry to electronics, optics, space and missiles. For example, Texteron, which it controlled, merged many small and medium-sized companies after the war, and grew in strength. Its business direction also changed from textile industry to aerospace industry and electronic industry, becoming a diversified company with more than 7 subsidiaries. It not only manufactures aviation and aerospace products, various electronic components and aircraft components, but also operates clockwork, furniture and poultry industries. One of its companies, Bell Yisheng Aircraft Company, is an arms exporter, making helicopters for the Pentagon and foreign countries. Boston consortium has superior technical strength in developing emerging technology industries. The scientific research achievements of famous universities such as Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology have strongly promoted the development of cutting-edge industries in Boston. Its subsidiaries, such as Texteron, Raytheon and Boraroyd, have experienced rapid economic growth due to the stimulation of emerging technology industries. Politically, the Boston consortium once supported J．F． Kennedy as president with the Geffler consortium. Kennedys dominated the White House and won a large number of military orders for the Boston consortium, which caused strong dissatisfaction from the Morgan consortium. In November, 1963, Kennedy was assassinated, which dealt a great blow to the Boston consortium and made it decline in the competition with other consortia.

VI. Mellon Financial Group

One of the top ten financial groups in the United States is a large monopoly capital group centered on the Mellon family and started from finance. T Mellon, the founder, founded Thomas Mellon & Son Bank in 1869, which developed rapidly. In 192, it was renamed Mellon National Bank, which was the foundation of Mellon consortium.