The Siberian tiger is the largest existing cat subspecies, with an average body length of about 2.8m, a tail length of about 1 m and an average weight of about 350kg. Siberian tigers are mainly distributed in the northeast of China, and are also found in Siberia abroad. The body color is brownish yellow in summer and pale yellow in winter. There are many rows of narrow black stripes on the back and side of the body, usually two of which are willow-shaped. The head is big and round, and several black stripes on the forehead are often hooked in the middle, which is very similar to the word "king", so it has the reputation of "king of the jungle" (another way of saying it: the word "king" is a hieroglyph based on the shape of the stripes on the tiger head). The ears are short and round, the back is black, and there are 1 white spots in the center. Dogs live in forests, shrubs and weeds. Living alone, not settling down, territorial behavior, nocturnal. Keen senses, intense sex, quick action and good swimming. Predate large and medium-sized mammals and occasionally eat small mammals and birds.
distinguish
Tigers distributed on the Korean peninsula were once considered as a separate subspecies-Korean tigers. It is said that the coat color is different from that of the ordinary Siberian tiger, smaller. The scientific name of Korean tiger is Panthera tigris coreensis, which was named by Brass in 1904. Because tigers on the Korean peninsula are almost extinct, there is no way to verify them. In the absence of very definite evidence, tigers produced in the Korean peninsula are generally classified as Northeast tigers in the world.
Living habits
Siberian tigers are mainly distributed in Xiaoxing 'anling and Changbai Mountains in the northeast of China. It is vigorous and agile, with a shoulder height of more than 1 meter, a body length of about 2.8 meters, a tail length of about 1 meter and a weight of more than 350 kilograms. It has the title of "king of the jungle". The fur of the Northeast Tiger is bright. Tiger Claw and canine teeth are as sharp as steel knives, with lengths of 6 cm and 10 cm respectively. They are indispensable "knives" for shredding prey and powerful weapons for prey to survive. It also has a tail like a steel pipe. When the Northeast Tiger catches its prey, it often takes the method of ambush and lurks quietly in the bushes. Once the target approaches, it swoops out and throws its prey down, or grabs the opponent's neck with sharp claws and kisses it, wringing its head hard; Or bite each other's throats with sharp teeth; Or beat each other's cervical vertebrae with one hand and eat slowly.
Siberian tigers generally live in alpine coniferous forests or grass at an altitude of 600- 1300m, and mainly make a living by catching wild boar, black deer and roe deer. It often sleeps in the Woods during the day and likes to go out for food in the evening or before dawn. Its range of activities can reach more than 60 square kilometers.
As the saying goes, "talking about tigers turns pale" and "fearing tigers". In people's minds, tigers have always been dangerous and fierce animals. But under normal circumstances, Siberian tigers generally do not easily hurt people and animals. On the contrary, it is a god hunter who catches wild boar and roe deer that destroy the forest, and it is also the sworn enemy of the evil wolf. In order to compete for food, Siberian tigers always drive wolves out of their active areas. Northeasters are not afraid to meet Siberian tigers when they go out, but they are afraid to meet wolves that eat people. People praised the Northeast Tiger as "the protector of the forest".
Growth and reproduction
The Siberian tiger spends most of the year wandering around, living alone and having no fixed residence. Only in the estrus of late winter and early spring will the male tiger nest to meet the female tiger. Soon, most male tigers left without saying goodbye, and the tasks of bearing, breastfeeding and rearing were pushed to the female tiger.
The tigress is pregnant for about 3 months, and usually gives birth at the turn of spring and summer or in summer, with 2-4 cubs per fetus. After giving birth, the tigress is particularly fierce and alert. When it goes out for food, it always hides its cubs carefully to avoid being found. When I go back to my nest, I often sneak back along the rocks without leaving a trace. Tiger cubs are slightly older. When the mother tiger goes out, she will take them with her and teach them hunting skills. After a year or two, tigers can move independently. The life span of the Siberian tiger is generally around 28 years.
Explosive power and attack power
The Siberian tiger, like the legendary mountain god, has the same vision as fire. Its body is thick and perfect, the strong muscles on its back and forelimbs fluctuate during the movement, and its huge limbs move forward, which is so smooth and quiet. It looks like sliding in the jungle. It has relatively hard serrated claws and five very sharp Tiger Claw, which extend out when in use and retract the claw sheath when not in use to avoid rubbing the ground when walking.
It is introverted, timid and withdrawn, suspicious and fierce, strong and agile, and it is difficult for ordinary people to witness the wild Siberian tiger with their own eyes. Traditionally, other tiger species spread and differentiated from the Northeast Tiger to other parts of the earth. It is also at the top of the ecological environment.
When dissecting the Northeast Tiger, scientists in China found that its muscles were even more beautiful and stronger than those of the best bodybuilders. Muscle fibers are extremely thick, and little excess fat is found, and almost no fat is seen. Strong bones are accompanied by strong muscles, which proves that this animal has strong explosive power. The explosive power of the tiger has been shown. There is a crack on the concrete floor of the Lion Tiger Mountain Animal Hall in Beijing Zoo that was scratched by the Northeast Tiger. Peeling liger is strikingly similar.
Demographic situation
The economic value of Siberian tiger is extremely high, and its meat and viscera can be used as medicine to treat many chronic diseases. The value of an adult tiger is equivalent to more than 30 minks, and it is precisely because of this that the Northeast Tiger has been ruthlessly killed. The reproductive rate of tigers is also low, with a life span of about 25 years, sexual maturity at the age of three or four, estrus from 65438+February to February of the following year, and the pregnancy period is about105 ~10/0 days, and each fetus generally gives birth to three or four offspring. The cubs grew up sucking their mother's milk. They have to live with the tigress for a year or two before they can live independently. Think about it, the killing rate of the Siberian tiger greatly exceeds its reproductive rate, which is the direct reason why the Siberian tiger is on the verge of extinction.
Deforestation of forests and indiscriminate hunting of wild animals have seriously damaged the ecological balance, which is another important indirect reason for the endangered Amur tiger. As we know, the forest is the living environment of the tiger, and in this environment, it also contains the prey of the tiger-wild boar, deer and so on. In recent years, due to the large number of poachers, the carnivore tiger has also been greatly reduced. Therefore, it is very important to maintain the ecological balance between ungulates such as wild boar and deer and tigers. According to the investigation, there should be no less than 150 ~ 160 wild boar and 180 ~ 190 deer in the territory of a Siberian tiger. As long as the tiger is full, it will not take the initiative to attack people and animals. The living area has decreased, and the food sources have also decreased. Can the Northeast Tiger not be endangered?
Fortunately, according to 1987, there are 623 Siberian tigers in zoos all over the world (excluding China). Now most zoos in China have raised Siberian tigers. In other words, this tiger subspecies still has a chance. If we don't take advantage of the fact that a few breeding tigers still have reproductive ability and try to get several tiger species from the wild in time to renew the existing blood relationship and continue its roots of life, then. This world-famous rare tiger subspecies will be completely extinct, and the Northeast will truly become a tiger-free land.
Therefore, it is our unshirkable responsibility and obligation to protect wild animals and Siberian tigers.
Protection level
There are only over 400 wild Siberian tigers, most of which are distributed in Russian, and the number in China is less than 20. There is no trace of the Siberian tiger on the Korean peninsula. Northeast Tiger has been listed as the first-class protected animal and endangered wildlife species in China.
In 1970s and 1980s, the government of China established Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve and Qixinglazi Northeast Tiger Reserve in Heilongjiang Province to protect the habitat of the Northeast Tiger. As a remote protection, it was mainly a domestic zoo at that time. There are at least 24 nature reserves of various types in China, such as Qixinglazi Nature Reserve in Heilongjiang Province, South China Tiger Reserve in northern Guangdong Province and Yihuang South China Tiger Reserve in Jiangxi Province, but some of them exist in name only, such as Qixinglazi Nature Reserve, where tigers have not been seen for many years. There is little research work on Siberian tiger in China, and the research on remote protection is limited to the primary and original research in zoos. Only the wild population of Amur tiger was investigated scientifically in China, which was completed by Northeast Forestry University in 1987, and the research in other fields was blank.
Investigation, distribution and population number of Amur tiger: Since the 1920s, China has conducted five large-scale surveys on the population of Amur tiger, 1974- 1976, and the survey result is151; 1984- 1985, the result is 20-30; 1988- 199 1 year is 16-22, in which Heilongjiang province 10- 14, Jilin province 6-8; The last two surveys were conducted in1March 1998, and it was found that there were only 4-6 tigers in Jilin Province, and only 5-0 tigers in Heilongjiang Province, respectively.
The latest investigation in Heilongjiang Province is as follows: The results of this investigation show that the distribution area of Northeast Tiger in Heilongjiang Province has obviously retreated to the Sino-Russian border area, forming three isolated distribution areas: the south of Laoyeling, the east of Wandashan and the south of Zhangguangcailing. There may be no tigers in the west of Wandashan and the north of Zhangguangcailing, and whether there are tigers in the north of Laoyeling needs to be investigated. In the above three isolated distribution areas, it is found that two individuals living in the south of Laoyeling may be male, and there are at least 1 female tigers in the east of Wandashan, and the other two are uncertain and may be female tigers. The activity is in the south of Zhangguang Cailing 1, and only the gender can't be determined.
At present, there are less than 20 wild Siberian tigers in China and only about 400 in the world. As early as 1950s, China listed the Siberian tiger as a national first-class protected animal, and hunting was strictly prohibited. According to the data provided by the world's largest artificial breeding base of Amur tiger, in order to provide a good living environment for wild Amur tiger, China established the first LAM Raymond Korean pine primitive nature reserve, 65438-0958, in Heilongjiang Province, the hometown of Amur tiger. 1962, the State Council listed the Siberian tiger in the wildlife protection list and established a nature reserve. From 65438 to 0977, the Siberian tiger was listed as a rare and endangered species by the relevant departments of China. On August 9th, 2005, the Northeast Tiger Living Area in Hunchun, Jilin Province was approved as a national nature reserve by the State Council.
Since 1986 established the artificial breeding base of Northeast Tiger, it has been devoted to studying the breeding technology of Northeast Tiger. Recently, the Siberian tiger provenance with international origin was introduced in 10, and the number of Siberian tigers in the base has increased from the initial 8 to more than 620 now.
The Significance of Protecting the Northeast Tiger
1. Siberian tiger has its unique ecological value. In an ecosystem, the higher the biodiversity, the richer the species and the more stable the system; On the contrary, the more fragile the system is, the more prone it is to catastrophic changes. Therefore, not only the Siberian tiger, but also any species in this ecosystem has its own function of regulating and regulating ecological balance and species balance.
Second, many animals have excellent genes in some ways. If this species disappears, its excellent genes will disappear, which is a great loss for mankind.
Third, the Northeast Tiger has a unique aesthetic value. In China, there are many descriptions of tigers in literature, painting and other works of art. If this animal is extinct, it will be a defect for the inheritance and development of China culture. In addition, the Siberian tiger is the largest and most beautiful of the existing tigers, which has high ornamental value.
According to reports, there are currently two ways to protect the Northeast Tiger, one is habitat protection, and the other is off-site protection. In 1970s and 1980s, the government of China established Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve and Qixinglazi Northeast Tiger Reserve in Heilongjiang Province to protect their habitats. Mainly protected zoos in different places. The World Wildlife Fund lists the Northeast Tiger as one of the top ten endangered animals in the world. So we need to protect them.