The third sector is an NGO or NPO that "provides public welfare through voluntary service". In scope, it refers to all other organizations that do not belong to the first department (* * *) and the second department (enterprise). Therefore, it is mainly aimed at social organizations, foundations, private non-enterprise units and unregistered grassroots organizations registered by the civil affairs department.

definition

The third sector is an NGO or NPO that "provides public welfare through voluntary service". In scope, it refers to all other organizations that do not belong to the first department (* * *) and the second department (enterprise). Therefore, it is mainly aimed at social organizations, foundations, private non-enterprise units and unregistered grassroots organizations registered by the civil affairs department. [2] The third sector is a brand-new organizational form different from the traditional model, which American scholar salamon called the "global community revolution" after the modern nation-state. It is said that the development model of industrialization needs a nation-state, and the sustainable development model of post-industry needs the development of transnational third sector organizations. Although generally cautious scholars believe that it should complement and interact with the first and second departments, rather than challenge or even try to replace them.

range

The third sector, non-profit organizations and non-profit organizations between the state and the market, such as clubs, charitable organizations, scientific research institutions, trade unions and so on. This is an industrial and commercial enterprise relative to the public sector (an organization that the state grants public power, manages various public affairs and provides legal services for all members of society for the purpose of social public interests) and the private sector (privately owned, aiming at maximizing profits and seeking profits by selling its products or providing services in the market).

nature

The third sector, also known as the voluntary sector, is a sociology and personal capital, which refers to institutions that are neither * * * units nor ordinary private enterprises except the first sector or the public sector, the second sector or the private sector. Although the definition of the third sector varies from country to country, in general, most units in the third sector are institutions funded by the * * * budget or funded by private enterprises, which are left to non-* * units to maintain their operation. Common corporate bodies, foundations or non-governmental organizations (NGOs) usually belong to the category of the third sector. Although the background and operation mode of each third sector unit are different, generally speaking, the third sector unit usually has the characteristics of taking social welfare as its purpose and not paying taxes. Those institutions that aim at serving the public, not for profit, and whose income is not for personal gain can be classified into the third sector.

Characteristics and functions of the third sector

1 is "regular", that is, it has the legal status of formal registration. Formality is a necessary condition for the third sector. As an extension of * * * under the planned economy, or as a result of * * * institutional reform and transformation, affiliated institutions, etc. , does not need to register, is not an independent organization; Unregistered independent organizations are illegal organizations. 2 "folk", that is, organizationally divorced from * * *. At present, the non-profit organizations in China are too political and bureaucratic for historical reasons. The main personnel of the association come from * * *, and the association relies on * * * to carry out related activities and work, so some people call it "two * * *". People understand the association as a management organization or a leading organization, rather than a service and intermediary organization. The real trade association should be a non-governmental organization in which enterprises voluntarily participate. . Generally speaking, non-governmental organizations have independent sources of funds and no financial allocation. Organizations with financial support usually have a * * * background, so we should give a discount on the non-governmental nature and on the issue of self-management. 3 "non-profit", that is, it is not allowed to seek benefits for its owners. Under the current situation in China, some non-profit organizations even engage in some profit-making activities in order to survive. Generally speaking, the activities and finances of the third sector are very open and transparent; "Autonomy" means being able to control one's own activities. Independent design of articles of association, independent selection and replacement of leading institutions and personnel. It must be reported to the * * * department for approval, or recommended by the * * * department for appointment, and it cannot be independent. 5 "voluntary", its activities and management have significant voluntary participation of members. 6 "public welfare" serves some public purposes. First of all, the main function of the third sector is autonomy, and its main purpose is to unite and strive for and realize its rights. A person's rights can not be realized by himself, but by the organization. In the period of planned economy, the rights of individuals or a social class are realized through planning, and the plan is formulated through investigation. For a long time, we have found that when the existing systems and policies need to be updated due to historical development and market changes, there is not enough voice to respond to * * *, and even if there is, it still needs to go through the steps of research, planning and implementation, which will make specific measures lag behind. The third sector directly expresses its rights internally, and employees in the industry organize themselves to express their demands with their own experiences, which is much stronger and more accurate than sending people to investigate and speak for the industry. The rights advocated by the third sector are neither the rights of * * * nor the rights of one person, but are formed through internal consultation and comprehensive game of rights of all parties. This involves the second function of the third sector-internal negotiation. The development of an industry (industry) needs the same direction and coordinated development in different links of this industry (industry) chain. It is not enough to focus only on one or several aspects of rights. It is necessary to represent different interest groups (including service providers and service recipients) in the industry, so that different interest subjects can fully claim their rights in the organization, fully display their needs, and achieve a balance of interests through internal consultation. The process of internal consultation is also a process of compromise between all parties, and compromise is very important for autonomy. The third main function of the third sector is to formulate rules and standards. Therefore, on the basis of the first two functions of the third sector, it is possible to discuss and determine the rules and standards conducive to the sustainable development of the industry. Only when the interests of all parties in the industry are fully advocated and unified through consultation can decisions be made by * * * and industry * * *. Only after the standards and principles are formulated can we test the behaviors and products of certified members according to this standard, and even notarize or establish excellent brands. The fourth function is the authentication and notarization of member enterprises. When standards are formulated, they need to be implemented, managed and supervised according to standards. The basic principle of this kind of certification notarization is to reflect fairness and act according to established standards. However, the existing trade associations, because they are not spontaneously organized, and some are even down and out, do not perform the functions of industry management and will only issue brands. The fifth function is training. Education is not equal to training. Education solves general and universal problems, and training solves special problems; Education solves some normal problems and training solves comprehensive adaptation problems; Training is to solve all kinds of things after graduation from school. The third sector needs to play a major role in the development of human resources in the industry, and the goal of training is to train people who can adapt to the needs of work and development immediately. All those who implement the training should have worked in the front line and have some latest and clearest information. The sixth function is to collect and exchange information. The third sector is defined by >>

What is the first department, the second department and the third department?

* * *, enterprises, voluntary organizations

What are the characteristics of the third sector of public management?

1 is "regular", that is, it has the legal status of formal registration. Formality is a necessary condition for the third sector. As an extension of * * * under the planned economy, or as a result of * * * institutional reform and transformation, affiliated institutions, etc. , does not need to register, is not an independent organization; Unregistered independent organizations are illegal organizations.

2 "folk", that is, organizationally divorced from * * *. At present, the non-profit organizations in China are too political and bureaucratic for historical reasons. The main personnel of the association come from * * *, and the association relies on * * * to carry out related activities and work, so some people call it "two * * *". People understand the association as a management organization or a leading organization, rather than a service and intermediary organization. The real trade association should be a non-governmental organization in which enterprises voluntarily participate. . Generally speaking, non-governmental organizations have independent sources of funds and no financial allocation. Organizations with financial support usually have a * * * background, so we should give a discount on the non-governmental nature and on the issue of self-management.

3 "non-profit", that is, it is not allowed to seek benefits for its owners. Under the current situation in China, some non-profit organizations even engage in some profit-making activities in order to survive. Generally speaking, the activities and finances of the third sector are very open and transparent;

"Autonomy" means being able to control one's own activities. Independent design of articles of association, independent selection and replacement of leading institutions and personnel. It must be reported to the * * * department for approval, or recommended by the * * * department for appointment, and it cannot be independent.

5 "voluntary", its activities and management have significant voluntary participation of members.

6 "public welfare" serves some public purposes.

What's the difference between the third sector and NGOs?

NGO, between the traditional * * * and the market, is called the third sector, so the two are the same thing.

What is the background of the rise of the third sector?

The background of the rise of the third sector:

The rise of the third sector in the world and its research In modern society, there are a lot of public affairs management activities, and * * * is the core subject of these management activities, but * * * has never provided all public services and products, and besides * * *, many third sectors must participate in them.

The third sector is the general name of various non-profit and non-profit organizations that are different from * * * organizations (the first sector) and profit-making organizations (the second sector). It provides some public goods and services, emphasizes the values of individual dedication and mutual benefit of members, and has important characteristics such as non-profit, folk, autonomy, voluntariness, non-politics and non-religion.

The third sector is an organization established to meet public needs rather than accumulate private wealth, which is an important basis for it to become the main body of public management.

The main difference between it and an enterprise is not whether it is profitable or not, but that it cannot harm the interests of the public for the sake of organizing profits, and profits can not be used for dividends, but can only be used for developing and expanding public welfare projects that meet organizational goals.

In order to encourage the development of the third sector, many countries have adopted the practice of tax exemption for the operating income of the third sector, and some countries have written this into law.

The emergence and rapid development of the third sector is not accidental, and its rapid growth is considered as a response to market failure and * * * failure. The third sector can enable individual groups to concentrate resources and meet the demand for public goods that cannot be met by market monopoly mechanism.

As a provider of public goods, the third sector can overcome the inherent limitations of monopoly mechanism.

The third sector made up for the market defects.

What is the definition of the third sector?

The third sector (also known as NGO, non-governmental organization) is the second thing in the process of China's market-oriented reform. But in the eyes of China people, it is more concerned about its position in the process of globalization. Almost all the WTO meetings held in Seattle and other places in the past two years have been opposed by NGOs all over the world. With China's entry into WTO, the relationship between NGOs and WTO has attracted people's attention. How to treat the relationship between the two? Especially how to treat the relationship between the third sector and market economy in China?

In the author's view, the third sector in China, a developing country, is different from that in developed countries: in developed countries, the role of the third sector is to regulate "market and * * * failure"; But in China, the development of the third sector and the establishment of the market economy are not antagonistic, but promote each other.

What is the "third sector"?

The concept of the third sector began to form and become popular in the west in the late 1970s, and now it has affected a very wide range of social fields. According to statistics, about 20% of the labor force and 15% of the total economic output in the United States now exist in the third sector, and it is getting bigger and bigger, forming a new trend with great potential. The third department mentioned here is now called "volunteer department", some are called "non-governmental organizations", which is the so-called NGO (non-governmental mental organization), and some are called "non-profit organizations", which is the NPO (non-protectable organization). Logically speaking, I think this kind of non-profit organization can be regarded as the product of the logical consistency of modern society, which developed after the social, political and economic development reached a considerable level. There are still different opinions on the scope and specific definition of the third sector. Here, we don't have to talk about specific classification. From the formation of human organizations-the operating mechanism and functional purpose of organizations, two dimensions can be logically formed, from which various "departments" can be divided.

What is the third sector in America? Give a few examples.

The third sector is an NGO or NPO that "provides public welfare through voluntary service". In scope, it refers to all other organizations that do not belong to the first department (* * *) and the second department (enterprise).

The third sector is non-profit organizations and informal organizations between the state and the market, such as clubs, charitable organizations, scientific research institutions, trade unions and so on. This is an industrial and commercial enterprise relative to the public sector (an organization that the state grants public power, manages various public affairs and provides legal services for all members of society for the purpose of social public interests) and the private sector (privately owned, aiming at maximizing profits and seeking profits by selling its products or providing services in the market).

The third sector in the United States, such as new york and new york Port Authority &; PANYNJ, New Jersey).

PANYNJ is a third-sector organization established in new york and New Jersey, USA, which is responsible for the operation of commercial ports and international airports in the two States. Although the management object is the port and airport that should have been built by the government, it is managed by private enterprises, which is the most different from the port institutions directly under the general * * *.

Who are the people in The Avengers's third film?

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Avengers 3: Infinite War is 18 (I) and 2 1 (II) in the Marvel movie universe, and it is also the third film in the The Avengers series.

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throw

Role actor review

Tony Stark Robert Downey Jr. Iron Man

Steve Rogers, Chris Evans, Captain America.

Bruce Banner, the Hulk of Mark Alan Ruffalo.

Thor Odinson, Thor of Chris Hemsworth.

Natasha romanoff Scarlett Johansson Black Widow

Clint barton Jeremy Renner Hawkeye

Jarvis paul bettany's Vision

Hank Pim, michael douglas and Ant Man.

Scott Edward Harris Lang Paul Ruud, Second Ant Man

Hope Van Dane, evangeline lilly Bumblebee Girl.

Star lords, Chris Pratt, peter quill

Kamo Lazoi Solda, adopted daughter of Thanos.

The destroyer Dallas Dave Batista. Formerly known as arthur douglas

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Grut Vin Diesel Tree Alien

Thanos josh brolin Saturn Titan/Ultimate Boss

Loki Tom Hiddleston Raytheon's younger brother.

Spider-Man, Tom Holland, peter parker

Matt Murdoch charlie cox daredevil [4]

Jessica Jones krysten ritter Jessica Jones

Daniel rand iron fist to be determined [4]

Luke cage Mike Colt's Wonder Man [4]

Carlo Danvers Emily Blunt [5] Captain Surprise (also known as Ms. Surprise)

Chadwick Boseman panther

Nick Frey, former director of samuel jackson.

Steven strange, benedict cumberbatch Doctor Strange

Wanda maximoff Elizabeth Olsen, crimson witch.

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Medusa will be the queen of the alien royal room (the wife of Black Bolt).

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Cui Tan is undetermined by the alien royal family (Medusa's cousin)

Crystal undetermined alien royal family (Medusa's sister, Kuaiyin's wife)

James Roddy don cheadle War Machine

Sam wilson anthony mackie Falcon

Bucky Barnes Sebastian Stan Winter Soldier (Winter Soldier)

Magic Adam becomes Thanos's assistant (the second villain)

Laotou Stan Lee guest appearance

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Lai Jingying, Yuan Yuan Zhao Yuan, Zhang Ziqi, Sophie, Zhang Ziyan, CiCi, Vincent Chiao, Leo, Shi Xiaoqun, Zhang Taixun, Margaret, Yang Tailang, Li Ze, Yu Haoyang, Wei Chai, Li Ji, Jia Wen, Feng Peng, Sun Lishi, Yang Xiaodan, Fu Jia, Wang Deshun, Li Jiacheng, Li Wuhan and Wang Deshun. This is the cast list for the third season!