Fund, broadly speaking, refers to a certain amount of funds set up for a certain purpose. Do you know what a fund is? What are the main features of the funds collected by Bian Xiao for everyone? How to manage money through funds? I hope I can help you.
What are the characteristics of the fund?
Stock funds can be subdivided into several types according to the investment target, which determines the rate of return and risk of the fund. Among them, industrial types, such as technology and electronic funds, specialize in investing in technology stocks, and their performance will fluctuate with the trend of electronic stocks; Small and medium-sized funds mainly invest in companies with short establishment time and small equity, which is explosive; Most value funds are mainly low-priced stocks with low price-earnings ratio, with small fluctuations and stable demand. Before buying, investors should ask about the characteristics of each fund.
Bond funds, whose investment targets are bonds such as treasury bonds, financial bonds and corporate bonds, are conservative and safe because they can be redeemed at any time and are tax-free, attracting large households and legal persons to invest as demand deposits. Because domestic bond funds usually invest in some high-yield bonds and earn interest money steadily, in fact, just like money funds, there is little fluctuation. As long as you don't buy mine debt, you can almost make a profit without losing money. As for overseas bond funds, it is really a bloody way to enter the bond market. Bonds will also be affected by changes in interest rates, so there will be investment risks. Overseas funds also have exchange risk, so the fluctuation is greater than that of domestic bond funds.
In addition, since 2000, people began to realize the importance of risk, so balanced funds prevailed. Balanced funds emphasize the timely adjustment of the investment ratio of stocks and bonds according to the long and short situation of the stock market, hoping to grasp the benefits through such flexibility. Because there is a certain proportion of stock bonds, it neutralizes the risk and yield of stock bond market, and the yield and risk of investment are between stock funds and bond funds.
Money market funds are investment funds that invest in the money market (within one year, with an average term of 120 days). Mainly invest in short-term monetary instruments, such as treasury bonds, large negotiable certificates of deposit, commercial bills, corporate bonds and other short-term varieties. Compared with traditional funds, it has the following characteristics:
First of all, the net asset value of money market funds is fixed. Generally, a fund unit is 1 yuan, which is the main difference from other funds. After investors invest in money market funds, they can reinvest with the proceeds, increase the fund share and accumulate investment income.
Secondly, the evaluation standard of money market funds is the rate of return, which is different from other funds that make profits through the appreciation of net assets.
Thirdly, money market funds have good liquidity and high security, because the money market is a low-risk and high-liquidity market.
Finally, money market funds have low risks and low investment costs. The term of money market instruments is usually very short, and the average term of money market fund portfolio is usually 4~6 months, so the risk is low, and its price is usually only affected by market interest rate. Money market funds usually do not charge redemption fees and have low management fees. The annual management fee of money market funds is about 0.25%~ 1% of the fund's net asset value, which is much lower than the traditional annual management fee 1%~2.5%.
Money market funds not only have the characteristics of stable income, strong liquidity, low subscription limit and high capital security, but also have other advantages, such as issuing checks and paying consumer bills with fund accounts; It is usually used as a place to temporarily store cash before making new investments, which can earn more income than demand deposits and can be withdrawn for investment at any time. Some investors subscribe for money market funds in large quantities and then gradually redeem their investment stocks, bonds or other types of funds. Many investors also hold cash in the form of money market funds for emergencies. Some money market funds even allow investors to withdraw funds directly from ATMs.
How to manage money through funds?
At present, there are more than 100 funds on the market, and other products such as trust and entrusted wealth management are dazzling, and future varieties will mushroome. However, each of us only needs to buy one or two best products. How to choose the fund that should be bought is the most difficult place to test the level of each financial management team and the most difficult place for investors. Investors can refer to the fund rating, evaluation or the opinions of financial advisors. Fund rating and evaluation are relatively professional, and there are few aspects to predict the future potential of the fund, sometimes it is not very direct and it is not easy to operate directly. Sometimes it is impossible to know directly how to buy, when to buy and when to sell.
Financial advisers' opinions are often straightforward, but how can you trust her? 1. See if they are honest and responsible, whether they are prepared to provide services for a long time, or whether they can deal with people's investment as if they were their own money, and whether they are kind. 2. Review their previous optimism about the current price of the fund: cumulative net value, assuming that you made an investment at the beginning, is it a loss or a profit? It should also be pointed out that the fund's income can sometimes not be regarded as short-term, and sometimes it will fluctuate a little because of the overall fluctuation of the market. At this time, you can see the fluctuation range of the cumulative net value of the same type of funds. A good fund will generally win more than lose for a long time, and sometimes the market will fall, but a good fund will not. 3. Ask people with higher level in the industry what the professional level of this financial advisor is and how it ranks among financial advisors.
From the professional level, investors are sometimes difficult to judge, and sometimes they are thankless. Even under the guidance of financial advisers, investors are sometimes in a state of confusion, hesitation, a little adventure or psychological insecurity. When you know which financial adviser you can trust, your psychology is basically guaranteed, which requires a process.
Let's take a look at how financial advisers choose funds and manage their finances:
1: According to various rating results and the opinions of authoritative fund managers, several funds were preliminarily screened out by classification.
2. For Tier-1 funds, visit the fund management company to investigate the management level, investment decision-making mechanism, personnel who mainly influence the decision-making, fund managers, researchers, portfolio status and future investment tendency of the fund company. In-depth understanding of the above-mentioned main personnel's investment philosophy, investment strategy, investment style and how to treat risks and benefits. Discuss the investment idea and psychology with the fund manager, and think about the accuracy, operability and verifiability of his investment idea. Instead of discussing how to choose stocks, how to look at the quantity and structure of market capital supply and demand, various investment ideas and trends in the market, the future popularity of different stocks and sectors, and the limitations of capital analysis and timing. Appraisers and financial advisers must have a lot of practical experience.
3. Relevance of markets, policies and other trends to the Fund. Analysis of macro, market, policy trends, industry development order and other factors, the possible impact on the future trend of each fund.
4. Comprehensive consideration, according to different types, list the corresponding funds that are optimistic about 1-2.
5. According to various financial management concepts and methods, find out financial planning and financial management methods suitable for various specific groups. Different people, different times, different financial concepts, have different financial methods. At the same time, various successful and failed investment cases and their reasons are introduced for investors' reference. And at the same time of minimizing risks, make financial management methods as accurate as possible.