1. Financing through bank loans is the most important financing channel for enterprises. According to the nature of funds, it is divided into three categories: working capital loans, fixed assets loans and special loans. Special loans usually have specific purposes, and their loan interest rates are generally favorable. Loans are divided into credit loans, secured loans and discounted bills.
2. Financing through stock financing. The stock is permanent, has no expiration date, does not need to be returned, and has no pressure to repay the principal and interest, so the financing risk is small. The stock market can promote enterprises to change their management mechanism and truly become a legal entity and market competition subject with independent operation, self-financing, self-development and self-restraint. At the same time, the stock market provides a broad stage for asset reorganization, optimizes the organizational structure of enterprises and improves the integration ability of enterprises.
3. Financing through bond financing. Corporate bonds, also known as corporate bonds, are securities issued by enterprises in accordance with legal procedures and agreed to repay the principal and interest within a certain period of time, indicating that there is a creditor-debtor relationship between the issuing enterprises and investors. Bondholders do not participate in the operation and management of the enterprise, but have the right to recover the agreed principal and interest on schedule. When an enterprise goes bankrupt and liquidates, creditors have priority over shareholders in claiming compensation for the remaining property of the enterprise. Corporate bonds, like stocks, are securities and can be freely transferred.
4. Financing through financial leasing. Through the combination of financing and finance, financial leasing has the dual functions of finance and trade, and plays a very obvious role in improving the financing efficiency and promoting the technological progress of enterprises. Financial leasing includes direct purchase leasing, after-sale leaseback and leveraged leasing. In addition, there are many forms of leasing, such as the combination of leasing and compensation trade, the combination of leasing and processing and assembly, and the combination of leasing and underwriting.