Warren's two former colleagues, Justice william douglas and William Brennan, stood at the bedside of the dying man. Warren grabbed Douglas's hand. He told the two justices that in the legal battle of Nixon's White House tapes, the Supreme Court had to make a ruling for the Watergate Special Prosecutor. The president refused to obey the orders of the lower court. Warren said: "If Nixon gets away with it, then Nixon will make laws, not Congress and courts." . "If Nixon can distort, overthrow and change the law, then the old court that you and I have served for so long is not worth inheriting its tradition."
The two men nodded gravely. For many years, they have been paying attention to the discord between Warren and Nixon, which has evolved from the feud between Californians to the political poisoning and polarization of the Supreme Court, whether in court or in court. They promised not to let Warren down.
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This is an excusable mistake. Senator Edward Kennedy was rude to Bok, who failed when 1987 was nominated as the Supreme Court Justice by Ronald Reagan. "America in Bok," the senator famously said, "a woman was forced to have an abortion in a back alley, and a black man sat at an isolated lunch counter," and "rogue police can break into houses in a midnight raid." A new verb has appeared in the dictionary: for Bok, or "obstruction through systematic slander or slander", "kdspe" and "kdsps", but the toxicity of nomination politics today can be traced back to Bok in the past, which is consistent with Warren and Nixon, two enemies between California and the Republican Party in the 20th century. This argument lasted for decades, setting a precedent for the subsequent bad quarrel. It started from Nixon's first political campaign and continued to Warren's bedside scene. There are still echoes today.
Their hostility can be traced back to 1946, when Warren was the governor of California and Lieutenant Colonel Nixon served in the navy, ending the war. Warren is a progressive Republican who has won the support of Democrats and independents in a state that supports non-partisan politics. He praised Warhill for helping California to represent its interests in Congress. When Nixon tried to get * * * and the party's presidential candidate Harold Statham to come to California to campaign for him, Warren, who had his own national ambitions, persuaded Statham to stay away from him.
Nixon defeated Warhill, but he never forgot what Warren did. Bill Arnold, the campaign assistant, recalled: "At that time, Richard Nixon lit a slow-burning flame. 1950, Nixon successfully launched the red bait campaign for the United States Senate. His opponent was his Democratic opponent Helen Hagen Douglas, and Warren refused to support him. Nixon and his friends were very angry. Nixon's mentor said: "Unless a person is a liar, he has the right to get the joint support of the political party he represents." Herman Perry, a banker, wrote that Warren's behavior "is not good for me and 80% real Republicans." "
When Warren slipped in 1952 * * * and the party's presidential primaries, Nixon's wife Pat gloated in a letter to a friend. "Warren's performance in Oregon is sad," she wrote. "I didn't cry."
Nixon himself went further. He boarded the Warren campaign train from Sacramento to Chicago and the party congress, quietly urging California representatives to support the governor's opponent, General dwight eisenhower. This event is called "great train robbery" in political legends of various countries. At the conference, Nixon tirelessly won the delegation's support for Ike in the key procedural vote to decide the nomination.
Warren angrily sent an envoy to see Eisenhower. "There is a traitor in our delegation," he accused. "It's Nixon." But Ike refused to take action. In fact, he told the envoy that Nixon might be the general's running mate. Eisenhower's campaign manager later confirmed that Nixon was ranked first in the list of candidates in order to "maintain the consistency of the California delegation."
The controversy reached * * *. At the core meeting of the California delegation, Warren thanked his supporters for their help and publicly snubbed Nixon. A friend of Nixon wrote in his diary: "This is very obvious. This is intentional. " . Warren thinks that "Dick tried to destroy him."
From that day on, "Warren hated Nixon", and Asa, the long-term fund-raiser of this party, was vividly remembered in oral history. For years, Warren always told people "how Nixon came here to cut my throat" and gestured with his fingers around his neck.
Therefore, when reporters went to California to write the personal data of the new vice presidential candidate, they found Warren's supporters chattering impatiently. They revealed how Nixon's friends arranged for wealthy donors to pay for his personal and political obligations.
"Not everything is fine," Perry warned a friend. "Seeing Dick lose, some Warren people will be scratched to death."
At the end of September, the then liberal New York Post reported that "the secret rich trust fund made Nixon's style far beyond his salary." This story was widely publicized, but it triggered an election year scandal with amazing speed and influence. Only Nixon's convincing appearance on national television saved his career, where he was famous for cynically talking about his cocker spaniel checkers.
Once Eisenhower appointed Warren to lead the Supreme Court in 1953, the dispute was solved. What the new Chief Justice and Vice President can do to each other is almost shameful. But later Nixon lost to John F. Kennedy in the presidential election of 1960, and tried to make a comeback by running for Warren's old post of California governor through 1962. He went to California to take a photo with Edmund pat brown, the current governor of the Democratic Party, smiled and made a friendly gesture, and told the media how well Brown had done. He sent his son earl warren Jr. to campaign for Brown against Nixon. Brown recalled in his oral history that the Chief Justice "felt that Nixon and he had a double intersection in 1952" and that "when Earl hated people, he hated people." Nixon lost, and Brown remembered that Warren "laughed and laughed."
Warren likes to call Nixon a "wise man", but he was humiliated in his "last press conference". When he told reporters that they wouldn't let him "kick around" again, that week, he flew back from Eleanor Roosevelt's funeral on Air Force One. President Kennedy and Chief Justice Warren giggled like schoolchildren when exchanging news reports about Nixon's downfall.
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The quarrel continued until 1968, when Nixon made a comeback and ran for president. The smoldering fuse was lit, and this sensation changed the nomination process of the Supreme Court.
Warren is retiring, but he doesn't want Nixon to appoint his successor. He found President lyndon johnson and reached an agreement to make LBJ's good friend and counselor, Supreme Court Justice abe fortas, promoted to Chief Justice after working in the court for several years.
Nixon will accomplish nothing. Nixon used the reasoning that today's * * * and Republicans blocked Judge merrick Garland's nomination to the court last year, and thought that "a new president" should fill this vacancy.
The Senate and Republicans began to work to block and block Fortas's nomination. Warren was forced to stay in office because Nixon was sworn in as the 37th president in 1969+ 10, which was an unpleasant duty. however
However, Democrats in the Senate are angry at Fortas's treatment. When Nixon's Justice Department report confirmed that Fortas received an annual employment fee of $20,000 from a convicted financier, their anger became downright. Fortas resigned in May, Warren was no longer young, and finally resigned in June. Nixon now has two seats to fill.
Will replace earl warren, the President chose Justice Wohlenberg as the new Chief Justice of the Court. Hamburg was approved by the Senate, but * * * and the party's strategy in the battle of the fortress left deep scars. Historian Stephen Ambrose wrote: "Democrats must be saints, and they don't want to retaliate against the way that Republicans turned Fortas into Chief Justice for the first time, and then exposed him and drove him out of court. No one will think that Democrats are saints. " John Ehrlichman, presidential adviser, said: "A small group of liberals in the Ivy League think that the Supreme Court is their own private playground." . He did so by appointing South Carolina Judge Clement Hainsworth to fill Fortas's seat.
Nixon now falls into the same trap twice.
Stealing a page from the Fortas War, Democrats searched Hainsworth for financial irregularities. Nixon shouted loudly that Hainsworth "maliciously assassinated his personality", but the president was blinded by his rhetoric.
At that time, * * * and Republicans complained that in the past 100 years, the practice of the Senate was to ignore a nominee's ideas and judge him only on the basis of technical suitability. "Democrats replied that Fortas's free decision was condemned by conservatives in the Senate," Ambrose pointed out that it was * * * and communist party who broke the tradition. "
The cycle begins. The Senate rejected Hainsworth. Subsequently, the stubborn president appointed another southern judge, G Harold Caswell of Georgia, and the Democratic Party also encountered the scarred strategy they adopted from Nixon's book.
Caswell's nomination is depressing; He is not so much a jurist as a segregationist. Caswell was defeated. Today, Senator Roman Hruska, Republican of Nebraska, said that there are many mediocre people in the United States, and they are also entitled to some representation on the Supreme Court. This argument is still fresh in my mind.
The seat conflict between Warren and Fortas is very similar to the Spanish Civil War-the struggle of external enemies to display and test weapons and tactics for the first time in the future war. This era has also brought a problem. Although it was a little docile at the time, it would consume the nomination process. Justice Harry Blackmun, a moderate jurist who was finally approved to fill Fortas's seat, ended the writing of the majority opinion in the abortion case of 1973 Luo v Wade, which has been puzzling the Supreme Court.
The conflict over Fortas's seat is one of several vicious quarrels, just like the invasion of Cambodia and the release of documents exposing Nixon's dark side by the Pentagon. In retaliation for the failure of Hainsworth and caswell, he tried to impeach Douglas, a liberal justice, but failed. After the Supreme Court decided to stop publishing the secrets leaked in the Pentagon document case, Nixon set up an internal gang nicknamed "Plumber" to investigate, intimidate and slander the leakers. This eventually led him to Watergate.
Nixon seemed to survive the scandal, until the disclosure of the White House recording system led special prosecutor Leon Jaworski to subpoena the recordings, which could lead to crime. Nixon claimed "administrative privilege" to keep his tapes and files secret.
So in July 1974, Justice Douglas and Justice Brennan appeared on Warren's deathbed, and Warren told them, "If Nixon is not forced to hand over the tapes of his conversations with those who are talking about their illegal behavior, then freedom will soon die in this country." . They told him that the Supreme Court met that day to discuss the case. They assured him that they would rule on Nixon.
Warren died that night. Two weeks later, the Supreme Court unanimously ruled that in the case of United States v. Nixon, the president must give his White House tapes to the prosecutor. Two weeks later, the tape was made public, which forced Nixon to resign.
But Nixon, who has lived for another 20 years, may have the last laugh. In short, he appointed four judges to appear in court. After Hamburg and Blackmun, he chose two conservatives, william rehnquist and lewis powell, who helped the court get rid of Warren's progressive line. This aggravated the differences between the left and right factions on the bench and off the court.
By 1987, when Edward Kennedy led the attack on Bok Island, he only followed the political precedent, most of which was based on Warren Nixon's Royal Campaign.