The guiding ideology of geological prospecting industry management is to adhere to the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory and Theory of Three Represents, fully implement Scientific Outlook on Development, coordinate government guidance and market regulation, and coordinate supervision and management and information services in accordance with the overall requirements of building a harmonious socialist society. Facing the whole industry, create a fair, just, standardized and orderly geological exploration market environment, guide all kinds of geological exploration enterprises and units to carry out geological exploration activities according to law, improve the quality of exploration operations and market competitiveness, enhance the overall level of geological exploration, and enhance the service function of geological exploration for sustainable economic and social development.
Basic principles of geological exploration industry management;
First, coordinate public welfare geological work and commercial geological work. The key point is to promote the establishment of a new geological prospecting system and mechanism that meets the requirements of the socialist market economy, and give full play to the basic role of the market in allocating exploration elements.
Second, we must actively transform government functions. The management of geological prospecting industry should go beyond the traditional departmental management and project management, take "knowledge, cooperation, guidance and service" as the core, reflect the demands of the industry, coordinate relevant policies and provide information services.
Third, establish and maintain a fair and just exploration market order. Treat all kinds of exploration market subjects equally, coordinate all kinds of exploration subjects and maintain market order.
Fourth, actively play the role of various intermediary organizations such as trade associations. Through authorization and other forms, some transactional work in industry management is entrusted to industry associations, societies and other organizations to play its positive role in strengthening industry self-discipline management.
Second, the management system of geological exploration industry
(A) the management system of geological exploration industry
China's geological exploration industry management system implements central and local management. At the central level, the Ministry of Land and Resources performs the management function of the central geological prospecting industry on behalf of the state; At the local level, the land and resources management departments of provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions perform the management functions of local geological exploration industry.
On February 8, 2006, the Ministry of Land and Resources issued the Notice on Strengthening the Management of Geological Exploration Industry (Guo Tu Zi Fa [2006] No.288, hereinafter referred to as the Notice), which clarified the division of responsibilities between the central and local geological exploration industry management departments: the Ministry of Land and Resources focused on studying and formulating plans, policies, technical standards and market access conditions for the development of the national geological exploration industry, and strengthened the supervision and management of the exploration market and information services. Provincial land and resources management departments focus on strengthening the supervision, management and service of local geological exploration industry, maintaining the market order of geological exploration, and guiding the reform and development of state-owned geological exploration units that implement territorial management. City (prefecture) and county (city) land and resources management departments, under the leadership of provincial land and resources management departments, assist in the management of geological exploration industry and create a good working environment for geological exploration industry.
(2) The management framework of China geological prospecting industry under the current system.
In the transitional period from planned economy to socialist market economy, compared with some developed countries, China's industry management has its distinctive characteristics, which determines the basic framework of China's geological prospecting industry management under the current system, as shown in figure 1.
Figure 1 Basic Management Framework of Geological Exploration Industry in China
Based on the characteristics of the current development of China's geological exploration industry, the market of geological exploration elements is not fully developed, the development of trade associations and intermediary markets is not in place, the geological exploration industry system is still in a transitional period, and the task of reform and development is arduous, which determines that the current management of China's geological exploration industry is mainly the basic framework of "government industry authorities-industry associations/societies-exploration subjects". In this framework, the government department in charge of industry is the subject of industry management, and the subject of exploration is the object of management, while the industry association/society has a dual identity, that is, it is the object of management just like the subject of exploration when observing and implementing government norms, but it is also the subject of industry management when organizing industry members to conduct industry self-discipline. Of course, the management functions, roles, ways and methods of government departments and industry associations/societies as the main body of industry management are essentially different. Judging from the current industry management mode in China, the management of geological prospecting industry belongs to the government-led industry management.
(three) the target framework of geological exploration industry management
When China's geological prospecting management system is gradually improved and perfected, the basic framework of geological prospecting industry management will be gradually adjusted and changed, and its framework formation process is the process of strengthening the self-discipline of the association industry, as shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2 Management Target Framework of Geological Exploration Industry
As shown in Figure 2, with the gradual maturity of China's geological prospecting industry management, trade associations/societies will gradually break away from the government framework and become intermediary organizations for industry self-discipline. The government and industry associations/societies are principal-agent relationships, and the entrusting party and the entrusted party are equal legal subjects. At this time, the management of geological prospecting industry will be transformed into self-discipline management led by the government.
Three, geological exploration industry management and service object
(a) the management system and composition of the geological exploration industry
In the past, the management of geological prospecting industry was a closed system directly controlled by geological prospecting bureau and geological prospecting units, with a strong color of departmental management. However, under the condition of socialist market economy, the management of geological prospecting industry has undergone fundamental changes in system, object, management content and management mode. Therefore, to strengthen the management of geological prospecting industry at present is not to strengthen the management of geological prospecting industry under the original mode, but a fundamental change in the management mode of the industry, that is, the direct leadership of the government is transformed into the separation of government and enterprise, the government regulates the market, and the market guides enterprises. The activities of geological prospecting industry are regulated by policies, regulations, industry norms and services.
The management system of geological prospecting industry is mainly composed of subject, object and content, as shown in Figure 3.
Figure 3 Composition of management system of geological exploration industry
The main body of geological prospecting industry management is the Ministry of Land and Resources and the land and resources departments of provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities).
The object of geological exploration industry management refers to the legal person economic entity engaged in geological exploration, including the enterprise legal person engaged in geological exploration and mineral exploration and the enterprise legal person engaged in commercial mineral exploration (including state-owned and private enterprises).
(two) the geological exploration industry management and service object
Judging from the composition of the management system of geological exploration industry, the management object of geological exploration industry is the main body of the whole geological exploration industry activities, including the main body of geological exploration investment (investors, exploration subjects, intermediaries, etc.). ), exploration operation entities and other market entities engaged in geological exploration-related business, including affiliated enterprises (mining enterprises, private enterprises, geological exploration enterprises, etc.). ), relevant institutions (mainly geological prospecting institutions and state-owned geological prospecting units, etc. ), geological colleges and scientific research units and services.
Four, the contents and means of geological exploration industry management
(a) the contents of the management of geological exploration industry
The management of geological prospecting industry is to standardize, standardize, supervise and manage geological prospecting activities and provide services for the development of geological prospecting industry. Its main tasks or management contents mainly include the following seven aspects: ① to study and formulate the development strategy and planning of geological prospecting industry; ② To study and formulate policies and measures to promote the reform and development of geological prospecting industry; ③ Improve and popularize the technical specifications and industry standards of geological exploration; ④ Establish and improve the market access mechanism of geological exploration; ⑤ Strengthen the information service of geological prospecting industry; ⑥ Strengthen the guidance and supervision of the geological prospecting market; ⑦ Promote the communication and contact of geological prospecting industry.
(2) Management means of geological exploration industry
The management of geological prospecting industry is a comprehensive management work, which requires the comprehensive use of economic, legal, administrative and service means, and the coordinated participation of the government, industry associations and enterprises.
1. Legal means
It refers to a method that the government uses economic law enforcement and economic justice to manage the economy. At present, it is urgent to strengthen the formulation and perfection of relevant laws and regulations in four aspects: perfecting industry technical norms, formulating industry development encouragement policies, strictly entering the market, and strengthening the cultivation and supervision of mineral exploration market.
2. Economic means
Refers to the government using economic policies, regulations, economic contracts and other methods to manage the economy. At present, it is important to strengthen the management of geological exploration funds, establish a diversified exploration investment system, and encourage and guide social resources to enter the geological exploration market in an orderly manner. It is necessary to implement the Interim Measures for the Management of the Central Geological Exploration Fund (Working Capital) and strive to improve the efficiency and benefit of the use of the fund; Through coordination and communication with finance and financial departments, explore the establishment of mineral exploration capital market in China.
3. Administrative means
It refers to a method by which the government uses administrative power to organize and manage the economy through administrative agencies. By means of exploration qualification management, industry access conditions and mining right approval, the exploration market will be effectively regulated. Mainly through strengthening supervision, opening up the market and standardizing market access and trading behavior.
4. Information guidance
The government can also guide the healthy and orderly development of the exploration market by providing information services and industry guidance planning. First, there is an urgent need to carry out industry development strategy research and organize the development planning of geological exploration industry. The second is to speed up the establishment of the statistical system of geological prospecting industry, and lay the foundation for industry management and information service. Third, actively guide the reform and development of geological prospecting units by organizing technical, economic and management exchanges.