1. Fund is an indirect way of securities investment. By issuing fund units, fund management companies concentrate investors' funds, which are managed by fund custodians (that is, qualified banks), managed and used by fund managers to invest in financial instruments such as stocks and bonds, and then * * * bear the investment risks and share the benefits. According to different standards, securities investment funds can be divided into different types:

-according to whether the fund units can be increased or redeemed, they can be divided into open-end funds and closed-end funds. Open-end funds are not listed and traded, but are generally purchased and redeemed by banks, and the fund scale is not fixed; Closed-end funds have a fixed duration, during which the fund scale is fixed. Generally, they are listed and traded on the stock exchange, and investors buy and sell fund units through the secondary market.

—— According to different organizational forms, it can be divided into corporate funds and contractual funds. Funds are established by issuing fund shares to establish investment fund companies, which are usually called corporate funds; Fund managers, fund custodians and investors are established through fund contracts, which are usually called contractual funds. At present, China's securities investment funds are all contractual funds.

—— According to the difference of investment risks and returns, it can be divided into growth funds, income funds and balanced funds.

-according to the different investment objects, it can be divided into stock funds, bond funds, money market funds, futures funds, etc.

buying a fund is very simple. You can trade it in the securities hall, that is, buying and selling it in the secondary market, just like ordinary stock investment. You can also purchase through banks that cooperate with the fund. Many banks have fund sales, Industrial and Commercial Bank of China and China Construction Bank. If you want to buy it, you can ask about the related expenses and interest ratio in detail; Then study the internal situation and past performance of fund management companies.

References: /

Third, foreign exchange has two meanings: dynamic foreign exchange refers to people's exchange of one currency for another to pay off international creditor's rights and debts. The concept of foreign exchange in this sense is equivalent to international settlement.

static foreign exchange can be divided into broad and narrow sense:

static foreign exchange in a broad sense refers to all assets expressed in foreign currency. This concept is generally used in the foreign exchange management laws of China and other countries. For example, in China, according to the revised Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Foreign Exchange Control issued on January 2, 1997, foreign exchange refers to:

(1) foreign currencies, including banknotes and coins;

(2) foreign currency payment vouchers, including bills, bank deposit vouchers and postal savings vouchers;

(3) foreign currency securities, including government bonds, corporate bonds and stocks;

(4) Special Drawing Rights and European Monetary Units;

(5) other foreign exchange assets. In this sense, foreign exchange is foreign currency assets.

foreign exchange in a narrow sense refers to the means of payment expressed in foreign currency that can be used for international settlement. In this sense, only foreign currency funds deposited in foreign banks and foreign currency bills that concretize the right to claim bank deposits constitute foreign exchange, mainly including: bank drafts, checks, bank deposits and so on. This is the usual concept of foreign exchange.

References:/article/xinshou/261/4268.html

IV. Definition of trust According to Article 2 of China's Trust Law, it means that the trustor entrusts its property rights to the trustee, and the trustee will be the beneficiary in his own name according to the wishes of the trustor. In short, trust is a kind of property management system, in which the property owner transfers or sets the property to the manager, so that the manager can manage or dispose of the property for the benefit or purpose of a certain person. Therefore, the definition of trust mainly includes four meanings:

1. The trustor trusts the trustee. The trustor's trust in the trustee is the foundation of the trust relationship.

2. The trustor entrusts the property right to the trustee. Trust is a legal relationship centered on trust property, which is the first element of establishing a trust. Without specific trust property, a trust cannot be established. Therefore, on the basis of trust trustee, the principal must entrust his property rights to the trustee.

3. The trustee manages and disposes of the trust property in his own name. After the trustor entrusts the trust property to the trustee, it has no direct control over the trust property, and the trustee manages or disposes of the trust property entirely in his own name, without resorting to the names of the trustor and beneficiary, which is an important feature of the trust.

4. The largest trust affairs in interest management in which the trustee is the beneficiary. It is precisely because the trustee is trusted by the principal that once the trustee accepts the trust, he should handle the trust affairs faithfully, cautiously and dutifully, and manage and dispose of the trust property, that is, the so-called trust and loyalty. For the trustee who violates this trust, the trust law stipulates strict liability.

Reference: /3371_1552581A.shtml

V. Stock is a share certificate issued by a joint stock limited company to investors when raising capital. Stock represents the ownership of the joint-stock company by its holders (that is, shareholders). This kind of ownership is a comprehensive right, such as attending the shareholders' meeting, voting and participating in the company's major decisions. Receive dividends or share dividends, etc. Every stock in the same category represents equal ownership of the company. The share of ownership of the company owned by each shareholder depends on the proportion of the shares held by each shareholder in the total share capital of the company. Generally, stocks can be transferred with compensation by buying and selling, and shareholders can recover their investment through stock transfer, but they cannot ask the company to return their investment. The relationship between shareholders and the company is not a creditor-debtor relationship. Shareholders are the owners of the company, who are limited to the amount of their capital contribution, take risks and share the benefits.

Stock is the product of socialized mass production, with a history of nearly 4 years. As the fruits of human civilization, joint-stock system and stock are also applicable to China's socialist market economy. Enterprises can raise funds for production and operation by issuing shares to the public. The state can control more resources with the same funds by controlling the majority equity. Currently in Shanghai. Most of the companies listed on Shenzhen Stock Exchange are state holding companies.

Reference: /question/666245.html

As for the purchase, income and so on, it depends on the individual's economy and strength. To paraphrase: the stock market is risky, so you should be cautious when entering the market.