First, the background of delaying retirement from the perspective of public policy
At present, there are more than 200 million elderly people over the age of 60 in China. On the one hand, the serious problem of aging population has caused the shortage of talents in jobs, on the other hand, it has brought the problem of social security pension overruns, which has put the country under great pressure. Based on this, the government put forward the policy of delayed retirement, which was formally submitted on 20 13 and became the research object of the government and various departments. At present, China implements the principle of gradual delayed retirement, and it is expected that delayed retirement will be fully realized in 2022. In view of the different understandings from all walks of life, it is necessary to further analyze the implementation of delayed retirement. Generally speaking, delaying retirement can solve the problems of labor shortage, pension overrun and children's pension. Delaying retirement is inevitable, but the problems brought about by the aging population, such as the reduction of work efficiency and the treatment of staff over 60 years old, have yet to be solved.
Second, the delayed retirement policy related issues analysis
(I) Feasibility Analysis of Delayed Retirement From the perspective of public policy, delayed retirement is beneficial to the stability of China's labor market. At present, with the development of economy and medical technology, the average age of human beings has increased, which provides a basis for the implementation of delayed retirement. The aging population reduces the communication between people, and the retirement life of the elderly is boring. Therefore, many elderly people will choose to stay in their jobs when their bodies permit, so it is possible to delay retirement. Especially in some special positions, the experience of the staff is very demanding, and the retirement of some veteran cadres leads to the enterprise human resources can not keep up. From this perspective, delaying retirement meets the needs of enterprise or industry development. In terms of pension policy, there is a gap between industries. Delaying retirement can delay the time of receiving pension, reduce pension expenditure and relieve the economic pressure of the country, so it is feasible. But this does not mean that delaying retirement will only bring benefits to China's economic and social development. Therefore, the delayed retirement policy is analyzed from the perspective of public policy.
(2) Benefits of delayed retirement 1. The direct impact of population aging is to change the structural characteristics of the population. It lightens the burden of providing for the aged brought by the aging population and makes the arrangement of the population providing for the aged system more convenient. On the other hand, the post-80s and post-90s will face enormous life pressure, which comes from the problem of providing for the aged. Delayed retirement brings economic resources to the elderly and reduces the support pressure of young people. Delayed retirement makes the elderly become the main force of society, changes the demographic characteristics of our country and makes the placement of human resources more reasonable. 2. Reduce the pressure of pension payment, problems left over from history and some problems existing in the traditional pension system lead to a large pension gap. In order to prevent the shortage of pension, delaying retirement is undoubtedly a feasible scheme. In addition, the basic model of increasing state funding and establishing commercial pension can be adopted. However, compared with the other two ways, the delayed retirement policy has a more direct effect and helps to promote social stability. China implements the strategy of gradually delaying retirement, and the elderly population in China exceeds 200 million. Delaying retirement for one year will save more than 654.38+0.6 billion pension funds in China. At the same time, the wage accumulation of on-the-job elderly employees helps to reduce capital expenditure. 3. Make the distribution of human capital more reasonable In China, colleges and higher vocational education are the main places for workers to acquire knowledge and skills. With the extension of college education, the working years of workers will be shortened under the premise of the same retirement age. This makes a certain contradiction between talent training and the social benefits it brings. The consequence of this contradiction is that the distribution of human capital is unreasonable, and the peak value of human capital will move back. Delayed retirement can effectively control labor costs and give full play to the ability of post employees. However, it is worth mentioning that job requirements have different requirements for talents' ability and experience. Once the delayed retirement policy is introduced, it is necessary to rationally allocate the positions and responsibilities of the elderly employees in service to ensure their positive role.
(3) Negative effects of delayed retirement 1. People's incomprehension will bring social contradictions. The policy of delaying retirement has influenced employees' thinking to some extent. Some people subjectively want to retire early. From the nature of work, different jobs have different demands on mental and physical strength. Adopting a unified delayed retirement strategy will cause some manual workers' negative emotions, even rebellious emotions, which will have an impact on work efficiency. For some stable civilian jobs, delaying retirement will cause economic losses, so for those who can't understand national policies, it will still cause opposition. Therefore, whether delaying retirement will have a positive impact depends on many factors. Balancing employees' retirement benefits and work benefits and adopting different strategies for different industries will play a certain role in the development of enterprises. From the perspective of public policy, it is normal that delaying retirement is relatively complicated and causes people's incomprehension and negative emotions. However, the government will fundamentally solve this problem through positive solutions, bring benefits to the people and promote the stability and strength of the country. 2. Increasing employment pressure. Difficulties in employment and high employment pressure have become the main features of China's labor market. Labor force export has also become the main task of high efficiency and government. Delaying retirement will undoubtedly reduce job demand and further aggravate employment pressure. At the same time, the progress of science and technology has changed the demand for talents, and the gap of high-tech talents is even greater. Some elderly workers can't continue to work because they can't update their technical ability in time, so whether to retire in time will become a contradiction. At the same time, the improvement of industry production efficiency and economic recession will bring layoffs. In short, the delayed retirement strategy has a two-way effect on China's economic development and other aspects. Delayed retirement is feasible, even inevitable, but how to realize it needs careful consideration by the government.
Third, the implementation strategy of delayed retirement strategy.
In order to realize the strategy of delaying retirement, the state should introduce relevant strategies to gain public recognition. Specifically, we can start from the following points:
(I) Scheme Design At present, China implements a gradual delayed retirement strategy, which has the function of calming people's emotions and relieving employment pressure. Reasonable distribution of retirement age is helpful to balance collective interests and individual interests. The gradual plan helps to reduce the number of reform subjects and achieve a reasonable transition. According to the needs of different industries, we can also adopt targeted strategies and implement different retirement compensation strategies. Separate retirement age from pension, comprehensively consider the basic conditions of employees' education, ability, experience and job requirements, ensure the rationality of pension issuance and payment, arrange employees to retire at an appropriate age or formulate national policies recognized by employees.
(2) It is the responsibility of our government to establish a sound retirement and pension system and construct a fair and perfect retirement policy. The 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China further established the role of perfecting the retirement and pension system. Put forward the guarantee system of "fair rights, fair opportunities and fair rules". The construction of this system should start from two aspects. 1. Mutual integration of pension dual-track policies In order to ensure the rationality of China's pension policy, we should adhere to the principle of fairness and justice and reform and supplement the existing pension system. Establish different pension systems according to different industry needs. For example, for public institutions and civil servants, the responsibility grouping system can be implemented, requiring employees of other enterprises to pay fees and establishing a sound endowment insurance strategy for them. According to the post responsibilities of employees in government agencies and institutions, a decomposed old-age insurance system and occupational annuity system will be established to reduce the basic pension expenditure of the unit and delay the retirement age. In order to balance the psychology of enterprise employees, we should also rationally allocate the salary level of public servants. In view of the present situation of civil servants, we should adjust the system of linking pensions with wages and establish a more reasonable pension system through a certain incentive system. 2. Improve relevant laws and regulations The state should introduce relevant laws and regulations to provide a good working environment and suitable jobs for the elderly and play its important role. At the same time, it will reduce the economic pressure brought by their retirement and inexperienced staff, and improve the sense of existence of the elderly. Some developed countries have issued a series of employment protection laws or anti-discrimination laws, which have positive significance for the elderly to work actively and delay retirement. From this aspect, China should introduce a more perfect pension policy to ensure its rationality, so as to promote social equity and maintain social stability.
Fourth, summary.
Judging from the economic and political development of China, it is necessary and inevitable to postpone retirement. Delayed retirement can not only bring social stability, but also have certain hidden dangers, which will bring people's incomprehension and even conflict. Therefore, for relevant organizations, how to balance the relationship between them is their main task. In view of its inevitability, we should seize the opportunity and implement relevant strategies reasonably. First of all, we should avoid delaying retirement at the peak of employment, so as not to bring employment pressure. It is necessary to give the elderly employees suitable posts and give full play to their positive role. Secondly, according to the needs of different fields, different retirement age policies are implemented to meet the needs of different positions and alleviate economic pressure. In China, the issue of retirement age has always been the focus of attention in various industries, and a reasonable strategy of delaying retirement is the key to promoting social stability.
Authors: Liu, Chen Yunxiong Setting: School of Management and Law, Hunan Agricultural University