George Washington (1732- 1799) was the first president of the United States and commander-in-chief of the continental army during the American Revolutionary War. He led the American people to victory in the War of Independence. As a famous representative of American planters and the interests of the emerging bourgeoisie, Washington made great contributions to the birth and development of the United States of America and was called "the father of the country" by the American people. As Qiu Xiaodong said, "War comes first, peace comes first, and compatriots come first". As a bourgeois revolutionary, strategist and politician, George Washington occupies a prominent position in world history. The owner of the villa, General Washington's family, is descended from a family in ancient England. 1732 On February 22nd, George Washington was born in the old house of bridges Creek Manor in westmorland, Virginia. Father Augustine Washington studied in England in his early years and later devoted himself to managing his expanding plantation. Augustine lost his wife in middle age and married Mary Bauer, the daughter of a colonel. George Washington was born to Mary. George has not received a systematic education. Among the first six presidents of the United States, only Washington didn't go to college. After Augustine died, George was raised by his half-brother Lawrence at the age of eight. Lawrence is an influential figure in Virginia. He is a member of the Citizen's Home, the deputy commander of the rank of major in this area, and the manager of the Russian-American Sea Company that conducts colonial development and land speculation and trade. When Washington/Kloc-was 0/7 years old, Lawrence found him a job surveying land in the west. Washington is dissatisfied with Britain's restrictions on the westward movement of the colonial people in North America. Lawrence died in 1752 and Washington inherited his Mount Vernon. At the age of 20, Washington became the best real estate owner in Virginia. Because of his brother Lawrence's influence and Washington's experience in the west, Robert Dinwiddie, the deputy governor, appointed him as the deputy commander of the militia major in southern Virginia. 1755, Major General Edward Breddo was appointed as the commander-in-chief of the entire British North American colony, responsible for implementing the operational plan to prevent French expansion. General Breddo invited Washington to take part in this work, and served as his accompanying staff and the colonel's adjutant. Because of Breddo's stubbornness, he went deep alone, was ambushed and shot himself. Washington was calm and courageous, and transferred Virginia militia forces from the rear to protect the regular army. Because of his outstanding performance and great prestige in many battles, 1755 Washington, who was only 23 years old, was appointed commander-in-chief of Virginia militia. Washington was elected senator of Virginia in the autumn of 1758, and his military career came to an end. At the end of the year, he resigned from the army and returned to Mount Vernon, Virginia. 1759 1 married Martha at the beginning of the month. In the following 10 years, Washington lived a quiet and leisurely plantation life. He seldom leaves Mount Vernon. But by making many friends, it keeps close contact with many famous people all over the world, which makes its influence spread throughout North America and overseas. But things are unpredictable, and he is destined to devote himself to a great and heroic cause and make great achievements for the country and the people. After the seven-year war against Britain, Britain strengthened its control and plunder of the colonies. Washington has long been indignant at the mercantilist policies and restrictions imposed by Britain on the colonies. 1774 from may to June, the British authorities enacted five "intolerable laws" to sanction the colonies. This bill made the anti-British movement in scattered and isolated colonies quickly condense into an irresistible huge trend, and lashed out at British colonial rule in North America. For Washington personally, Quebec law not only hit his ambitious speculation plan in the western region, but also wiped out his tens of thousands of acres there. More than ten years of resentment against British exploitation and extortion, coupled with Quebec's final blow, finally made Washington rebel. In the Virginia Parliament, Washington strongly and loudly condemned Britain's tyranny in North America. He was elected as one of the seven representatives of Virginia to attend the first continental congress. 1on September 5, 774, the first continental congress was held in Philadelphia. At the meeting, Washington actively supported the boycott of British goods. With his support, the General Assembly passed a resolution, taking military resistance as the last resort. 1March, 775, he was elected as a delegate to the second continental congress and went to Philadelphia to attend the conference. 1775, 19 In April, the British army and the American colonial militia had a gun battle in Lexington and Concord, and the entire North American colony rose up and launched an all-round armed struggle against Britain. The Second Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia on May 10. Washington expressed its full support for the British siege of Boston. In June, the Continental Congress decided to establish a continental army and unanimously elected Washington as commander-in-chief. On July 3, Washington arrived at the US Army Command in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and officially took over the command of the Army. Washington strengthened the discipline of the troops, organized the scattered troops organically, occupied favorable strategic positions, and strengthened the encirclement of the British army. 1776, 17 In March, Washington went to war against the British army, forcing it to withdraw from Boston, and the British army suddenly attacked Brooklyn Heights with an overwhelming advantage. In the Battle of Long Island, the US military lost more than 3,000 people. Then new york fell and more than 3,000 American soldiers were captured. The U.S. military has been defeated repeatedly, and almost captured Washington several times, and the soldiers are in low spirits. Later, Washington led an army to raid the British army, and two inspiring victories in a row aroused new hope throughout the country. 177765438+1On October 3rd, Washington fought a beautiful battle in Princeton. But in the next whole year, they were all defeated. 1778, the United States and France formed an alliance against Britain, and the war situation changed fundamentally, putting the British army at a disadvantage. 178 1 In August, Washington led the United States and France to the south of Virginia, and landed in Williamsburg in September 1 2000, surrounding Cornwall's 7,000 British troops in Yorktown. 101October 19, Britain surrendered to Cornwall. The American War of Independence officially declared an armistice. 1783 65438+1On October 20th, the United States and Britain signed a comprehensive treaty in Paris. 1783165438+1On October 25th, the British troops retreated from new york, and Washington led the American troops to new york. 1783 Christmas, Washington bid farewell to the army and returned to his home after eight years. The majestic "father of the nation" followed Washington's resignation and returned to his hometown, relieved. The victory of the war of independence made Washington's prestige and status as commander-in-chief unprecedented. 1787 Washington was unanimously elected as the head of the Virginia delegation. 1787 On May 25th, the Constitutional Convention was held in Philadelphia. After four months of discussion and debate, the delegates formulated the Constitution of the United States of America according to Montesquieu's theory of separation of powers, which is a * * * system. The new constitution appropriately disperses state power to the legislative, administrative and judicial departments that make up the national government, aiming at preventing it from degenerating into monarchy, oligarchy or any other form of dictatorship. The new constitution embodies Washington's political thought of opposing monarchy, advocating harmony and establishing a unified and powerful central government. After the new constitution was formulated, Washington was unanimously elected as the first president. The term of office is four years, starting from1March 4, 789. On April 30th, Washington was sworn in in new york, then the temporary capital of the United States. The United States has experienced eight years of war and eight years of political turmoil, and there are many problems and difficulties. The federal government must create its own institutions. Washington maintains a balance between liberals and conservatives in the cabinet, so that the interests of various regions and political groups in China can be balanced in the government. In the cabinet, Washington relies heavily on Hamilton, who is smart and capable. Hamilton actively and boldly put forward a series of grand plans to restore the economy, develop industry and trade and stabilize credit. With the support and intervention of Washington, the sinking fund law was put into practice, and the federal government repaid the wartime public and private debts; The banking law followed the example of the Bank of England in Britain and established the National Bank of the United States in the United States. There are also domestic tax law, silk casting law and tonnage ship tax law. During Washington's first term, the first ten amendments to the Constitution, known as the Bill of Rights, came into effect. According to 1789 judicial law, the Supreme Court, the third branch of the US government, was established, and john jay, an old conservative in New York State, was appointed as the Chief Justice by Washington. Washington's first term was relatively calm and excellent. He set up various government agencies in the United States of America, which put the government work on the right track and made great achievements. Washington entered the second term, the cabinet split and the party struggle intensified. Jefferson and Hamilton, the main members of the cabinet, both submitted their resignations. 1793 In April, when Britain and France went to war, Washington adopted a neutral policy and was attacked by pro-French factions. Jefferson, the leader of the pro-French faction, resigned as Secretary of State. Washington's neutral policy not only disgusted France internationally, but also was challenged by Britain. The relationship between the United States and Britain has deteriorated sharply. Congress is ready for war, and Washington's goal is to avoid war with Britain. 1794 In April, Washington sent an important pro-British figure, Chief Justice john jay of the Supreme Court as a special envoy to negotiate with Britain. In June of the same year 165438+ 10, Jay Treaty was signed. Jay Treaty eased the relationship between the United States and Britain, maintained peace, guaranteed the territorial integrity of the western United States, and laid the foundation for the expansion of the United States to the west. At the last moment of his term, Washington approved the 1796 land bill. At the end of his second term, Washington decided not to accept his request to be the third president. 1796, 17 In September, Washington delivered his famous farewell speech, summed up his life's political experience and gave wise suggestions to his compatriots. He called on the whole country to maintain unity, cherish the Federation, abide by federal laws and obey the election results. He opposed replacing the will represented by the country with the will of one party, and warned that party struggle would lead to the division of the country. He warned his compatriots to live in freedom, friendship and harmony with all countries, and to treat all countries justly and fairly. He firmly pointed out that our "real policy is to avoid establishing permanent alliances with any part of the outside world, and we can only trust temporary alliances to deal with particularly urgent situations." These admonitions from Washington revealed the essence of the relationship between capitalist countries, and later became the guidelines pursued by American rulers in foreign policy, which had a very significant impact on American political life. 1On March 4th, 797, Washington handed over power peacefully to his successor, john adams, thus creating an example of the orderly and peaceful transfer of supreme power in this new country, which all the outgoing presidents followed. Washington retired from politics and returned to Mount Vernon to concentrate on family life and plantation management. 1799 65438+February 12, Washington died peacefully.