What is an international organization? What are the functions?

The United Nations has six major United Nations organs, including the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council, the Trusteeship Council, the International Court of Justice and the United Nations Secretariat.

I. United Nations General Assembly

The United Nations General Assembly, referred to as the "General Assembly", is composed of all Member States. It is the deliberative body of the United Nations. The regular meeting is held once a year, and it is stipulated to open on the third Tuesday of September every year, usually lasting until 65438+mid-February. The duration of each regular meeting is generally three months. If the agenda is not completed, it can be postponed until next spring, but it must be finished before the opening of the next regular meeting. The General Assembly may decide to adjourn the session temporarily and resume it later. General Assembly resolutions on "important issues" must be adopted by a two-thirds majority; Resolutions on "general issues" can be passed by more than half. The resolution adopted by the General Assembly is not legally binding, but it is enough to have a wide political impact on Member States. In addition to regular meetings, at the request of more than half of the Member States or the Security Council, the General Assembly can also hold special meetings within 15 days and emergency special meetings within 24 hours. According to the provisions of the Charter of the United Nations, the General Assembly has the right to discuss any issues within the scope of the Charter and make recommendations to Member States and the Security Council. The General Assembly receives and considers reports of the Security Council and its organs; Election of non-permanent members of the Security Council and members of the Economic and Social Council and the Trusteeship Council; Election of judges of the International Court of Justice of the Security Council; Approve the admission of new Member States and the appointment of the Secretary-General on the recommendation of the Security Council. Both the budget of the United Nations and the assessed contributions of Member States need to be discussed and decided by the General Assembly. At each regular meeting, countries often send foreign ministers or other ministerial officials to attend, and heads of state and government also attend and speak. 1 President and 2 1 Vice-President of the General Assembly are elected by the plenary meeting of the regular session according to the principle of regional distribution. The five permanent members of the Security Council are ex officio vice-presidents of the General Assembly, but they also need to be elected.

Two. United Nations Security Council (UNSC)

The United Nations Security Council, referred to as "the Security Council" for short, consists of five permanent members, China, France, Russia, Britain and the United States, and 10 non-permanent members. Non-permanent members are elected by the General Assembly according to the principle of regional distribution for a term of two years and cannot be re-elected. According to the Charter, the Security Council bears the primary responsibility for maintaining international peace and security, and its functions are: to formulate provisions that all Member States are obliged to accept and implement in accordance with the Charter; Investigate any international dispute or any situation that may cause international friction or dispute, determine actions that threaten peace, undermine peace or aggression, and adopt economic, diplomatic or military sanctions against aggression; Responsible for drafting the arms control plan; Recommend new member States and the Secretary-General to the General Assembly. The actions of the Security Council are based on the principle of "unanimity of the five permanent members" (the so-called "unanimity of great powers"), and all five permanent members have veto power over substantive issues. Resolutions adopted by the Security Council are binding on Member States. The Security Council is the only organ in the United Nations that has the right to take action on international peace and security. It has the right to investigate and mediate international disputes, and can take compulsory measures such as arms embargo and economic sanctions, and can also send United Nations peacekeeping troops to help ease tensions in a certain region. As the core of the international collective security mechanism, the UN Security Council has become the most authoritative and legitimate institution in the multilateral security system.

Article 23, paragraph 1, of the Charter of the United Nations states: "The Security Council is composed of fifteen States Members of the United Nations. The Republic of China, France, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the United States of America should be permanent members of the Security Council. The General Assembly should elect ten other United Nations Member States as non-permanent members of the Security Council. During the election, it is best to give full consideration to the contribution of all United Nations Member States to the maintenance of international peace and security and the rest of the purposes of the Organization, as well as equitable geographical distribution. (In 197 1, the seat of the Republic of China was replaced by People's Republic of China (PRC), and in 199 1, the seat of the Soviet Socialist Union was replaced by the Russian Federation. At present, People's Republic of China (PRC), France, the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the United States of America are permanent members of the United Nations Security Council. )

Three. United Nations Economic and Social Council

The United Nations Economic and Social Council, established in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, is the main body for coordinating the economic, social and related work of the United Nations 14 specialized agencies, 10 functional commissions and 5 regional commissions. ECOSOC also manages 1 1 funds and programmes. The Economic and Social Council provides a central forum for discussing international economic and social issues and formulating policy recommendations for French-speaking countries and the United Nations system as a whole. It is responsible for promoting higher living standards, full employment and economic and social progress; Solve international economic, social and health problems; Promote international cultural and educational cooperation; Advocate universal respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms of all mankind. It authorizes or initiates studies and reports on these issues. It is also authorized to help prepare and organize major international conferences in the economic, social and related fields and coordinate their follow-up. The Economic and Social Council has a broad mandate covering more than 70% of the human and financial resources of the entire United Nations system. The Economic and Social Council consists of 54 members, elected by the General Assembly for a term of three years.

Four. Trusteeship Council

The United Nations Trusteeship Council is composed of five permanent members of the Security Council, namely, People's Republic of China (PRC), the French People's Republic, the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the United States of America. With the independence of Palau, the last United Nations Trust Territory, the Council officially ceased to operate on June 1 994+065438+1October1. The Council amended its rules of procedure, canceled the requirement of holding annual meetings, and agreed to hold meetings when necessary upon the decision of the Council or the President of the Council, or at the request of a majority of the members of the Council, the General Assembly or the Security Council.

Verb (abbreviation for verb) International Court of Justice

The International Court of Justice is the main judicial organ of the United Nations. It was established in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations signed in San Francisco on June 26th, 1945. Its purpose is to realize one of the main purposes of the United Nations: "to adjust or resolve international disputes or situations that may undermine peace by peaceful means and in accordance with the principles of justice and international law".

The International Court of Justice operates in accordance with its Statute and its own rules. The Statute is an integral part of the Charter. The International Court of Justice began its work in 1946, replacing the Permanent Court of International Justice established under the auspices of the League of Nations in 1920.

The International Court of Justice is located in the Peace Palace in The Hague, the Netherlands. Of the six principal organs of the United Nations, the International Court of Justice is the only one that is not in new york.

The International Court of Justice has a dual role: it resolves legal disputes submitted to it by various countries in accordance with international law and provides advisory opinions on legal issues submitted by officially recognized United Nations organs and specialized agencies.

The International Court of Justice consists of 15 judges, assisted by the Registry of its administrative organs. The official languages of the International Court of Justice are English and French.

Intransitive verbs United Nations Secretariat

The United Nations Secretariat is the administrative secretariat of United Nations agencies. The Secretary-General is the chief executive of the United Nations and shoulders great international political responsibilities. The Secretary-General is appointed by the United Nations General Assembly on the recommendation of the Security Council for a term of five years. The Secretary-General appears as the representative of the United Nations in international affairs, liaises with Member States and other international organizations on behalf of the United Nations, and can conduct understanding and mediation in areas where international conflicts and disputes occur on behalf of the United Nations.

The Secretariat consists of the Secretary-General and United Nations staff. Its duty is to serve the United Nations and its subsidiary bodies and to implement the programmes and policies formulated by these bodies. The Secretary-General is the highest executive head of the United Nations, and the current Secretary-General is Korean Ban Ki-moon.

In addition, the United Nations has established many different boards, committees or other bodies as required.

Edit this paragraph [other agencies under the United Nations]

United Nations Development Programme.

United Nations Environment Programme.

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development.

United Nations Population Fund.

United Nations Children's Fund-United Nations Children's Fund.

Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)

United Nations Economic Commission for Europe.

World Food Programme -WFP.

Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific.

Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (COPUOS)

Edit this paragraph [United Nations specialized agency]

(Intergovernmental bodies associated with the United Nations)

United Nations specialized agencies are organizations engaged in international activities in specific specialized fields within the United Nations system. These international organizations are independent in organization and activities. They are not subsidiary organs of the United Nations, but only establish special legal relations with the United Nations according to the agreement.

United Nations specialized agencies have the following characteristics:

1. engage in activities in specialized fields. Only international organizations that carry out extensive activities in the fields of economy, culture, society, education, science and health can become specialized agencies of the United Nations.

2. Establish legal relations with the United Nations. According to the agreements concluded between the United Nations and the specialized agencies, the United Nations recognizes the terms of reference of the specialized agencies, and the specialized agencies recognize the right of the United Nations to make recommendations to them and coordinate their activities. Specialized agencies must submit periodic reports on their work to the United Nations. The two sides send representatives to attend meetings where the other side has no voting rights, exchange information and documents, and coordinate personnel, budget and financial arrangements between the two sides. The United Nations Economic and Social Council is responsible for coordinating the relationship between the United Nations and specialized agencies.

3. Have an independent legal status. United Nations specialized agencies have their own member States, associate member States and observers, and United Nations member States are not necessarily members of specialized agencies. Specialized agencies have their own constitutions, organ systems, rules of procedure and sources of funds. Its resolutions do not require the approval of the United Nations.

1. International Labour Organization

2. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

3. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.

4. World Health Organization-WHO

5. International Monetary Fund

6. International Development Association

7. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank)

8. International Finance Corporation

9. International Civil Aviation Organization

10. Universal Postal Union-Universal Postal Union

1 1. International Telecommunication Union.

12. World Meteorological Organization