1, strengthen the supervision and management of state-owned assets.
Fiona Fang cannot be established without rules, and only by strengthening supervision and management can we ensure the preservation and appreciation of state-owned assets.
First, improve the supervision system of state-owned assets and standardize management according to law. Conscientiously implement the spirit and policies of relevant documents on state-owned assets management, take effective measures, establish and improve rules and regulations, and standardize management according to law, so that enterprises can attach importance to state-owned assets management ideologically and master relevant policies on state-owned assets management.
Second, establish an asset management information system to realize asset management informationization. In order to prevent the confusion of asset inventory, a dynamic management system of state-owned assets should be established as soon as possible, so that state-owned assets departments and competent departments can grasp the overall situation of state-owned assets in a timely and comprehensive manner, which is conducive to the transparency of asset management and the enjoyment of resources.
Third, strengthen infrastructure construction, implement responsibilities and ensure the safety and integrity of state-owned assets. Improve the asset management system and supervision system, and make every link have rules to follow through the internal and external binding mechanism, which plays a guarantee role in system construction. It is clear that the legal representative is the first person responsible for the management of state-owned assets, and the state-owned assets management team consists of the chief accountant and the physical custodian. Strengthen the registration of ownership of state-owned assets, so that the ownership of enterprise property rights is clearer and the management objectives are clearer. It is necessary for the lessor and the lessee to jointly establish a maintenance fund dedicated to fixed assets.
Four, adhere to the reform of state-owned assets management system, and handle the relationship between state-owned assets management, supervision and operation. Establish and improve the investor system of state-owned enterprises, clarify the division of labor, and assume their respective responsibilities; Clear property rights, conscientiously implement the definition and registration system of property rights; Deepen the reform of relevant central and local functional departments and establish a new and efficient state-owned assets management system; Strengthen the financial supervision of investors and strive to improve the financial budget and final accounts management system.
2, straighten out the relationship between property rights, clear property rights responsibility.
To manage state-owned assets well, the most critical issue is to clarify the property rights relationship and make state-owned assets manageable and manageable. In this regard, we must unswervingly follow the principles of state ownership, hierarchical management, division of labor supervision and entrusted operation, and do a good job in this policy-oriented and difficult work. Specifically, the State Council exercises enterprise property ownership on behalf of the state, and state-owned assets management bureaus at all levels are entrusted by the State Council to manage state-owned assets in various places. As the most basic unit of state-owned assets operation, state-owned enterprises should establish an enterprise legal person property system in accordance with the provisions of the company law, and enterprises should independently control the property authorized by the state to operate and manage according to law. In this case, enterprises should establish an asset management responsibility system and strengthen the incentive and restraint mechanism for maintaining and increasing the value of state-owned assets. Enterprises that implement contracted management should incorporate the index of enterprise property preservation and appreciation into the contract index system, and audit according to law after the expiration of the term of office of the factory director (manager) to ensure the preservation and appreciation of state-owned assets. In the work of defining property rights relations, it is necessary to clarify the ownership of property rights in accordance with the Measures for Defining Property Rights and Handling Property Rights Disputes issued by the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Bureau, safeguard the rights and interests of owners of state-owned assets, and prevent the loss of state-owned assets.
3. Improve the accounting operation standard and supervision system.
First of all, it is necessary to clarify the responsibilities assigned by the accountant. Appointed accountants should strictly abide by the laws and regulations of implementation of accounting, organize accounting in a timely, comprehensive and accurate manner, truthfully reflect the operation and profit and loss of the enterprise, actively participate in the operation and management of the enterprise, and do a good job of "four members": First, accountants should serve the operators, timely, accurately and truly reflect the financial status and operating results of each unit, and perform their accounting duties well; II. Supervisors shall earnestly implement the supervision requirements of the competent authorities and supervise the operation of state-owned assets of their own units; 3. Attendants, participate in the business management of enterprises, coordinate the implementation of credit funds and other related financial policies, be good staff of enterprises, establish service awareness and improve service level; Four, information officer, play a bridge role, strengthen communication with enterprises, banks, taxation and other departments, do a good job of information release and information reporting.
Then we should implement the avoidance system and regular rotation system of accounting personnel. If the appointee has kinship or economic interests with the operator, the appointment avoidance system must be implemented. In order to avoid the damage to the interests of accountants who work in a department and affect their normal performance of their duties, the appointed accountants are rotated regularly according to the regulatory requirements and the business volume of the enterprise.
Secondly, give full play to the role of internal audit, implement post supervision, set up special audit posts, conduct economic business audit and review on all operating enterprises every month, point out problems in time when they are found, make rectification within a time limit, eliminate all kinds of management loopholes and mistakes in the bud as much as possible, minimize the business risks and losses of enterprises, and form a dual supervision and supervision mechanism of accounting and auditing.
Finally, according to the requirements of the new accounting standards, the asset management system is formulated to ensure that the accounting records of the purchase, consumption, maintenance and disposal of state-owned fixed assets and current assets conform to the provisions of the new national accounting system.
4. Strengthen the state's supervision of the intermediary market and realize the accurate evaluation of state-owned assets.
The government should follow the principles of future income, contribution, market, substitution and externality in strengthening the evaluation of state-owned assets. The asset management department should strictly control the asset appraisal, update the asset appraisal management system, and strictly review the joint ventures between different ownership entities to ensure that the investment prices of all investors are objective, fair, fair and reasonable. Clearly distinguish between non-operating assets and operating assets. Introduce the "market prohibition system" and strengthen the management of intermediary institutions. Asset appraisal management departments at all levels should strictly strengthen the supervision and management of asset appraisal intermediaries, especially the review of professional ability and professional ethics of appraisal institutions. Asset appraisers who violate the law are prohibited from engaging in relevant asset appraisal business within a certain period of time. If the circumstances are serious, they are prohibited from engaging in asset appraisal business for life.
5, strengthen the supervision and inspection of state-owned assets.
First, strengthen the daily inspection of all kinds of statements. By analyzing the report indicators, check the operating conditions of enterprises, assess the operating performance of enterprises and comprehensively evaluate the operating conditions of state-owned assets. It is necessary to focus on analyzing whether the changes of indicators such as the rate of maintaining and increasing the value of state-owned assets and the rate of return on state-owned assets are normal, and organize key or special inspections in time when problems are found.
Second, carry out regular inspections. Focus on checking the registration, definition, operation quality and income distribution of state-owned enterprises to ensure the safety and integrity of state-owned assets.
Third, we should earnestly strengthen the supervision and management of state-owned enterprises' foreign donations, especially the economic exchanges between state-owned enterprises, private enterprises and partnership enterprises as the focus of inspection and supervision. Once improper donations are found, these units should be severely punished.
6. Introduce EVA analysis index.
Economic Value Added (EVA) theory originates from the company value economic models of Nobel Prize economists merton miller (1990) and Franco Modigliani (1985) from 1958 to 196 1. Traditional financial indicators do not consider the cost of equity capital, and accounting book profit does not actually reflect real profit, but only "accounting profit". EVA considers the cost of capital investment, that is, the difference between the net operating profit of an enterprise and the total cost of capital invested (including debt financing cost and equity capital cost).
The total cost of EVA is divided into two parts, namely explicit opportunity cost (the total operating cost in the accounting system) and implicit opportunity cost (the opportunity cost of all capital, which is also the lowest rate of return expected by enterprise investors). It can be said that EVA actually reflects the economic profits of enterprises in a certain period, which is where the real growth of enterprise wealth lies.
It is of great significance to introduce EVA index into the management of state-owned assets. PeterDrucker, the father of management, mentioned in an article in Harvard Business Journal that economic added value is an important standard to measure the labor productivity of all employees, which reflects all aspects that managers can create and improve value. Therefore, trying to establish and improve the management mode of state-owned enterprises based on EVA has the following functions and significance for guiding and restraining the operators and senior managers of state-owned enterprises, reducing the cost of enterprises, improving the economic operation efficiency of enterprises and ensuring the preservation and appreciation of state-owned assets. First of all, it is helpful to comprehensively measure the utilization efficiency of production factors in state-owned enterprises and fully consider the cost of state-owned capital; Secondly, it is helpful for managers of state-owned enterprises to clarify their responsibilities to owners and realize the preservation and appreciation of state-owned assets; Thirdly, it is helpful for state-owned enterprises to implement more objective performance evaluation, effective incentive policies and distribution mechanisms.
7. Operation mode of state-owned assets securitization.
Securitization of state-owned assets is a concept put forward in recent years, and the specific operation process is still immature and in the exploratory stage. The securitization of state-owned assets not only further optimizes the allocation of state-owned assets, but also realizes the financing plan without increasing the liabilities or assets of state-owned enterprises, improves the comprehensive strength of state-owned enterprises, improves their financial difficulties, and ensures the preservation and appreciation of state-owned assets.
The predicament of state-owned enterprises in China lies largely in the rigidity of existing assets. The biggest function of asset securitization is to improve the liquidity of assets, so that illiquid assets can be combined and sold, and accounts receivable and idle assets can be used as the objects of securitization, thus realizing the preservation and appreciation of state-owned assets, which is beneficial to many participants. The strategies for the smooth implementation of state-owned assets securitization include: government policies and institutional support; Tax relief for securitization; Establish a central priority registration system; Establish a developed financial system, etc.