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Fund, in English, refers to a certain amount of funds set up for a certain purpose. It mainly includes trust and investment funds, provident funds, insurance funds, retirement funds and funds of various foundations. From the accounting point of view, capital is a narrow concept, which refers to funds with specific purposes and uses. The fund we are talking about mainly refers to the securities investment fund.
Whether fund units can be increased or redeemed can be divided into open-end funds and closed-end funds. Open-end funds are not traded on the market (as the case may be), but are purchased and redeemed by banks, brokers and fund companies, and the fund scale is not fixed; Closed-end funds have a fixed duration and are generally listed and traded on the stock exchange. Investors buy and sell fund shares through the secondary market.
According to different organizational forms, it can be divided into corporate funds and contractual funds. A fund is established by issuing fund shares to establish an investment fund company, which is usually called a corporate fund; The establishment of fund managers, fund custodians and investors through fund contracts is usually called contractual funds. China's securities investment funds are all contractual funds.
According to the different investment risks and returns, it can be divided into growth funds, income funds and balanced funds. According to the different investment objects, it can be divided into four categories: bond funds, stock funds, money funds and hybrid funds.
Financial management, as its name implies, refers to financial management. When people talk about financial management, they think of either investing or making money. In fact, the scope of financial management is very wide. Financial management is to manage the wealth of a lifetime, that is, the cash flow and risk management of an individual's life. Financial management is to manage the wealth of a lifetime, not just to solve the problem of urgent need for money.
Financial management is cash flow management. Everyone needs money (cash outflow) when he is born, and he also needs to make money to generate cash inflow. Therefore, whether you have money or not, everyone needs to manage money.
Financial management also includes risk management. Because more flows in the future are uncertain, including personal risk, property risk and market risk, which will affect cash inflow (income interruption risk) or cash outflow (cost increase risk).