"Whoever controls oil controls all countries; Whoever controls food will control mankind; Whoever masters the right to issue money will master the world. "

Kissinger, a famous American politician, once said this.

hello, I'm Jin Yu.

judging from Kissinger's remarks, regardless of who controls oil and grain, the existence of dollar hegemony almost gives the United States the right to issue money. It is no wonder that successive American presidents are keen to be "world policemen".

dollar hegemony actually means that in the international monetary system, the dollar occupies a leading position, and the United States can impose sanctions on other countries at will by virtue of dollar hegemony, restricting other countries from trading in dollars, etc.

This will directly affect the international trade of other countries, so how is dollar hegemony established? The hegemony of the dollar can be divided into two parts, one is the gold dollar system, and the other is the petroleum dollar system.

The dollar gold system means that after the end of World War II, the dollar is directly linked to gold, that is, the dollar is equal to gold. Gold has the advantage of hard currency and is less affected by leverage, so most countries will want to reserve gold assets.

This also means that all countries need to exchange US dollars for gold, so all countries in the world can't do without US dollars. Let's see how the US dollar gold system was formed.

As we all know, since the birth of capitalism, Britain has become an empire where the sun never sets, and Britain has dug up a lot of gold in colonies and other places.

Before World War II, Britain's gold reserve was as high as 12, tons, so before World War II, most of the world's trade was settled in pounds.

After World War II, Britain was badly hurt by the German invasion, Britain gradually declined, and its gold reserves were greatly reduced. During World War II, European countries were in chaos, and the war also brought many uncertainties to the value of the pound.

Therefore, countries dare not use the pound as the settlement currency, and more use gold for settlement, which further improves the status of gold.

compared with the countries in Eurasia, the United States is very quiet when it is far away from the other side of the ocean. At this critical moment, the United States seizes the opportunity to produce a large number of military weapons and sell them to other countries.

In this war, the United States made another windfall. As countries used gold to buy military weapons from the United States, a large amount of gold also flowed into the United States.

by 1948, the domestic gold reserves in the United States had reached 21,682 tons, more than the peak of Britain. At that time, the United States had 3/4 of the world's gold on hand.

With a large amount of gold assets, the United States held an international conference in 1994 to formally confirm the international monetary system after World War II, namely the famous Bretton Woods system.

At the meeting, the United States proposed that the US dollar should be made into an international currency, and the currencies of all countries should be directly linked to the US dollar, while the US dollar is directly linked to gold, and the ratio of US dollars to gold is fixed.

At the same time, a stable exchange rate system has been established, and the fluctuation range of the exchange rate of national currencies against the US dollar should not exceed 1%, and the US dollar gold system has been formally established. What the United States did not expect was that the Bretton Woods system collapsed in 1971.

why did the dollar gold system collapse? The main reason is the flood of dollars, which is directly linked to gold, which also means that the amount of dollars should be determined according to the amount of gold, but the United States has since begun to print and distribute dollars crazily.

At that time, the United States issued US dollars differently from now. The United States issued US dollars mainly to help other countries, because the United States was less affected by World War II, and its economy developed rapidly. At this time, the United States thought of a way to sell a large number of domestic goods.

American assistance to other countries can improve the consumption power of other countries, so that countries will import goods from the United States in large quantities with dollars, and finally the dollars will return to the pocket of the United States, and the dollars will be globalized.

At that time, because all countries were busy with economic recovery, they didn't directly exchange these dollars for gold, but they still hoped to put them on the market to promote national economic development. Therefore, all countries simply didn't find that the amount of US dollars printed was not equal to the amount of gold stored.

the United States issued a large number of dollars, which will inevitably lead to the depreciation of the dollar. After the crazy release of water in the United States, various countries began to realize that it was wrong.

Many countries in the world want to exchange their money for gold, but because the ratio of dollars to gold was fixed when the Bretton Woods system was established, the United States simply can't give so much gold to all countries in the world.

In the end, the credit crisis broke out in the US dollar, and the Bretton Woods system completely collapsed. Countries no longer use dollars, which in turn leads to extremely chaotic foreign exchange markets.

it was not until 1974 that the dollar oil system was formally established that the dollar once again established its dominance.

The dominance of currency is mainly determined based on the comprehensive strength of the country. Although the dollar gold system has collapsed, the comprehensive strength of the United States has not changed. The United States is still a super power, and the United States will naturally not give up its dominance of the dollar.

so the United States seized the fourth middle east war, which led to a sharp rise in oil prices. oil was an indispensable energy source for all countries, which led to a rapid increase in the production costs of all countries, and then triggered an economic crisis. at this time, the United States turned its attention to oil.

the United States is also an oil producer, but a single country doesn't have that much oil, so it found Saudi Arabia.

The United States indicated that it is willing to provide assistance to Saudi Arabia, but Saudi Arabia's foreign oil export trade must be settled in US dollars. In this way, countries must have US dollars if they want to buy oil, and countries will naturally increase their foreign exchange reserves in US dollars in order to import oil.

if you want to import oil, all countries in the world can't do without the US dollar. After the Petrodollar system was formally established and the US dollar reaffirmed its hegemonic position, the US dollar has been occupying a leading position in the international monetary system for many years.

the dollar relies on Saudi Arabia to establish a dollar oil system, and naturally some countries will want to break through this system. There has been a credit crisis in the US dollar before, and countries in the world will naturally not reserve US dollar assets unless they want to buy oil.

countries will naturally buy U.S. treasury bonds for dollar assets, but does the United States have any money to pay back? There is still a big question mark.

Since the dollar hegemony is established by oil, it is too simple for countries all over the world to crush the dollar hegemony system as long as they don't use dollars for settlement.

At that time, Saddam Hussein of Iraq announced that Iraqi oil trade would not be settled in dollars, but in euros.

This immediately caught the "lifeblood" of the United States, and the United States launched a war against Iraq on the grounds that Iraq possessed a large number of weapons of mass destruction. In the end, the Iraq war broke out and Iraq was deeply mired in war for many years.

In order to avoid the disappearance of the country, the Iraqi interim government quickly announced that the oil trade would be settled in euros instead of dollars. In the end, all countries in the world finally compromised to the hegemony of the dollar, and the dollar gradually became the first currency.

Because the US dollar is the world's currency and occupies a leading position in the monetary system, most international trade transactions need to be settled by US dollars.

Therefore, the United States can also use the hegemonic position of the US dollar to sanction other countries and restrict their international trade.

In today's economic globalization, if we can't trade with other countries because we can't settle accounts in US dollars, we can imagine how serious the losses the country will suffer, and the economy of the sanctioned country will inevitably suffer a major blow.

recently, Biden launched several rounds of economic stimulus plans after he took office. Biden's big release of water has made countries all over the world feel very worried.

On the evening of January 14th, Biden announced his coming to power, and immediately launched the first round of economic stimulus plan, which amounted to 1.9 trillion US dollars, mainly used to fight the epidemic and distribute aid.

affected by the epidemic, the economic development of the United States is not optimistic, so where on earth should we take out this huge sum of money? It's very simple. We can get the money by increasing tariffs and continuing to issue bonds.

In fact, American lending in the world means borrowing money from other countries to stimulate American economic development. In the final analysis, it is harvesting the wealth of the world to support American development.

The US dollar's massive release will inevitably lead to inflation in various countries. After discovering the US dollar's massive release this year, various countries began to take action, including Turkey and other countries, and raised interest rates one after another to avoid the inflation crisis.

It was thought that inflation could be avoided by this method, but Turkey's interest rate hike also had a certain impact on the exchange rate of Turkish local currency lira against the US dollar.

After Turkey raised the benchmark interest rate from 17% to 19%, the exchange rate of lira against the US dollar fell by 17%, which means that the assets of Turkey have been shrinking.

To solve this problem, countries can only keep the exchange rate stable by continuing to print money. As a result, there will be more money circulating in the market, and an inflation crisis will naturally break out.

What is even more worrying is that with the improvement of the American economy, after the United States has released a large amount of water to a certain extent, the United States will adopt a tight fiscal policy and quickly bring the world's dollars back to China through various means, which is equivalent to the economic prosperity of other countries.

As a result, prices in many countries, such as Russia, have risen, and Brazil has repeatedly declared bankruptcy because it has insufficient funds to repay its foreign debts.

Biden's multi-billion-dollar plans have already affected many countries. If the US dollar continues to be harvested in the world, the economic crisis in various countries will become more and more serious.

From ancient times to the present, dollar hegemony is only one of the financial weapons of the United States. The United States also has various rating and credit institutions. Together, the United States has the ability to control the entire international financial market.

It can be said that the rules of the international financial market are determined and maintained by the United States. In this way, other countries will live under the dollar financial system, and the United States can use the dollar hegemony to launch financial wars against other countries at will.

It is normal for the United States to take advantage of the hegemonic position of the US dollar and harvest in the world through various means.

here are a few more examples.

recently, as early as 219, Fitch and other international rating companies suddenly downgraded Greece's national debt rating, which led to countries all over the world selling Greek national debt in order to avoid risks.

Many investors evacuated from Greece's financial system in an emergency, and this turmoil also spread to the whole European region, leading to the depreciation of the euro, and then the foreign exchange reserves of European countries quickly lost, thus the United States weakened the strength of the euro.

Earlier, after the end of World War II, with the support of the United States, Japan's economy developed rapidly, and its manufacturing industry rose rapidly. After people gained a lot of wealth, they invested it in the stock or real estate market, and eventually a bubble economy appeared.

by manipulating the exchange rate, the United States devalues the dollar, so that Japan's domestic currency will appreciate rapidly, which will bring a major blow to Japanese manufacturing.

then, in order to stimulate the domestic economic development, the Japanese government can only continue to lower the loan threshold and urge people to borrow more money to invest in the economy, which eventually leads to the complete collapse of Japan's bubble economy and the defeat of Japan's financial system by the United States.

if any country is persecuted by the dollar the most, it has to mention Libya. As early as 211, the multinational Coalition forces were wearing the cloak of maintaining humanitarianism, but in fact they were trying to seize oil resources and March into Libya.

although Libya has a small territory, it is rich in oil resources, and Libya once earned a lot of wealth through oil trade.

The United States is a dollar hegemony system established by oil. If Libya does not use dollars to settle its oil hegemony system, it will be greatly impacted. Naturally, it is impossible for the United States to allow Libya to take such actions.

Therefore, the United States directly depressed the Libyan oil price through military invasion, which naturally caused the Libyan oil price to fluctuate.

finally, under the pressure of the United States, most of the domestic crude oil in Libya was privatized. The so-called privatization was not controlled by the Libyan people, but mostly controlled by foreigners.

in the end, Libya's oil resources were divided up by the western countries led by the United States, and its economic development never recovered.

It has long been pointed out that the United States is targeting Libya at this time, not only because Libya wants to get rid of dollar settlement, but also because of China.

At that time, a large number of China people were engaged in various jobs such as oil exploration in Libyan cities, and 11% of Libya's oil exported to the outside world entered the China market.

The United States is even more worried that with more and more cooperation between China and Libya, Libya will eventually unite with China to resist the hegemony of the dollar. Obviously, as long as the United States can control all Libyan oil resources, the dollar oil system will not collapse.

obviously, the United States has been pursuing this dollar priority strategy, which has harmed the interests of other countries, and this move is eroding the dollar credit, which means that all countries in the world will take all measures to accelerate the dollarization, and the trend of dollarization is unstoppable.

China has been targeted by the United States in recent years, and the United States may also use the hegemony of the US dollar to curb the development of China. So can the RMB launch a counterattack? The answer is absolutely yes.

First of all, the reason why the US dollar can determine its hegemonic position is that all countries in the world use US dollars for settlement. If all countries in the world can reduce the use of US dollars for settlement, then the hegemonic position of the US dollar will naturally be affected.

In fact, it is not stipulated that the trade between countries must be settled in US dollars. If both parties can reach an agreement to settle in local currency, they can also bypass the settlement in US dollars, so naturally there is no need to be restricted by US dollars.

Russia is well aware of this truth. As early as before, when Russia was sanctioned by the United States, Russia gradually sold its dollar assets and reduced the use of dollars for settlement. Most of its trade with European countries was settled in euros.

Russia is gradually getting rid of the US dollar settlement system, which is conducive to getting rid of US sanctions.