1. Urban residents' understanding of medical insurance
The statistics in the table above show that most urban residents have a basic understanding of medical insurance at present, and this part of the population reaches 66.7%. The reason is that, since the founding of the People's Republic of China, after decades of efforts, China has initially established a free medical care system with the characteristics of planned economy, covering institutions and institutions. With the establishment of the socialist market economic system and the rapid advancement of urbanization, the State Council began to reform the medical security system in March 1994, and even the new rural cooperative medical care system has been fully implemented, and people have gradually come into contact with and understood medical insurance. At the same time, we should see that 29.6% of the residents are still in a state of "knowing something, but not knowing" about medical insurance, and even 3.7% of the residents don't know about medical insurance. This situation is not optimistic, which shows that the government's propaganda on medical insurance is not enough at present, and the coverage of medical insurance needs to be expanded.
The lower the close relationship between medical insurance and residents, the less residents understand all aspects of medical insurance and the less they care about it. Associated with Table 1, up to 44.5% of the residents do not care much about medical insurance, and only 18.5% are very concerned about medical insurance.
2. participation of urban residents in medical insurance
as can be seen from the statistical data in table 2, the coverage of medical insurance among urban residents is only 77.8%, and 22.2% of the residents are still outside the medical insurance system. The main reasons for not participating in medical insurance are: economic conditions are not allowed (33.3%), the effect is not great (33.3%), employers don't care (22.3%), others: if they are laid off, they don't know how to participate in medical insurance (11.1%). From this, it shows that the main reasons that affect urban residents' failure to participate in medical insurance are the limitation of economic conditions and the lack of awareness of medical insurance. At present, the basic medical insurance for urban workers in China follows the basic principle of combining the burden of both parties and the unified account. Individual workers pay medical insurance premiums at 2% of the average monthly salary of the previous year, but for residents with poor economic conditions and poor life, the medical insurance premium equivalent to 2% of the monthly salary is still a burden. In addition, some residents don't know enough about the medical insurance system, and they have a misunderstanding. They think that they are younger and less sick, and they have suffered a loss by participating in medical insurance. Therefore, universal health insurance is bound to be impossible overnight.
judging from the people who have participated in medical insurance, 61.9% of the residents have participated in general medical insurance, 61.9% of whom account for less than 1% of the household expenditure, and 38.1% of whom account for 11% to 2%, which shows that the proportion of medical insurance expenses is not large at this stage, which is consistent with the basic medical insurance system of combining unified accounts in China. Because the personnel structure of insured patients is still relatively young, 47.6% of residents think that the medical burden reduced by medical insurance for individuals is less than 15% or even , and only 9.5% think that the medical burden reduced by more than 6%.
3. Urban residents' views on influencing China's medical insurance
The statistical data in Table 3 show that urban residents believe that the main reasons affecting China's medical insurance are hospital profiteering and inadequate government responsibility. Hospital profiteering is manifested in the fact that hospitals prescribe large prescriptions, do more inspections and even collect red envelopes. On the one hand, they take more money from the state, on the other hand, they continue to earn more money from the market, which leads to out-of-control medical expenses, "difficult to see a doctor" and "expensive to see a doctor", and residents complain a lot, which makes it difficult to reduce the operating cost of the medical insurance system. The situation of supporting doctors with medicine is more serious, which greatly affects the development and improvement of the medical insurance system. Secondly, medical insurance is a "three-point policy and seven-point management". Although the government has continuously consolidated and improved the system and refined and strengthened management, it is a gradual process, and there are still insufficient efforts and unreasonable spending. This bottleneck is a great constraint on establishing a sound medical insurance service system.
On the other hand, 32% of the residents can't tell what factors have affected China's medical insurance, which is consistent with 33.3% of the residents' lack of understanding of medical insurance, and it also shows that some aspects of China's medical insurance system are not transparent and open enough.
4. Satisfaction of urban residents with medical service institutions
As can be seen from the statistical data in the above table, 47.6% of residents are dissatisfied with the services of medical service institutions designated by medical insurance, mainly due to unreasonable fees and poor service attitude. At present, there are still phenomena such as inflated drug pricing and irregular medical service charges in medical service institutions, so that their image is greatly discounted in the hearts of residents. Of course, there may be residents' incomprehension of medical service institutions caused by their unfamiliarity with the operation process of medical service institutions. In addition, as a service recipient, the attitude of the service provider is not good, which will inevitably lead to residents' dissatisfaction with the medical service institutions. This is mainly manifested in the fact that the staff of medical service institutions cannot patiently, meticulously and accurately answer the various questions of the clients and fail to actively eliminate the difficulties of the clients. It can be seen that in order to effectively serve the people, medical service institutions must better provide high-quality and efficient services for insured patients.
5. opinions and suggestions of urban residents on medical insurance
because 33.3% of the population are not familiar with medical insurance, 25.9% of the residents have not put forward their opinions and suggestions on medical insurance, and only 74.1% of the residents have expressed their opinions. Overall, the opinions and suggestions with the highest frequency are shown in Table 5 below.
as can be seen from table 5, people generally hope to reduce the price of drugs because the living standard of our people has basically reached a well-off level and the price of drugs is unreasonable. In some provinces and cities, especially in the western region, there are still a large number of people who lack medical insurance, such as freelancers, students and family members of employees, who are not covered by insurance, so expanding the coverage of medical insurance has become a great expectation. Another voice is that medical service institutions can improve service quality. In addition, the statistical results in Table 6 show that people most want the government to increase the implementation of comprehensive medical insurance.
Third, some suggestions on the survey results
1. Intensify publicity. Medical insurance is a new thing. While carrying out the reform of medical insurance system, we should increase publicity, such as setting up a service desk for patients with basic medical insurance to improve people's ideological level, so as to enhance their recognition of medical insurance and eliminate mutual complaints, and provide an ideological basis for the improvement of medical insurance system.
2. The coverage object is enlarged. At present, the basic medical insurance system has been fully implemented in China's urban institutions and enterprises, and has achieved remarkable results, but the coverage is too small, which is still far from the requirements of accelerating the construction of a high-level well-off society. Therefore, we must accelerate the transformation from employee medical insurance to social medical insurance and expand the coverage. First, it is necessary to speed up the research and improvement of medical insurance that adapts to flexible employment methods, and comprehensively include individual industrial and commercial households, hourly workers and self-employed people into the scope of medical insurance for urban workers; Second, in view of the trend of the younger age of malignant diseases, we should speed up the implementation of student medical insurance, improve the overall level of student medical care, and effectively reduce the burden on patients' families; Third, it is necessary to strengthen the management of urban migrants, break down various boundaries such as urban and rural ownership, and establish an integrated medical security system covering all urban and rural residents.
3. diversified sources of funds. Although China's medical insurance system, like the old-age insurance system, adopts the mode of combining unified accounts, with the establishment of a well-off society, the growth of people's health needs and the improvement of the aging population, the income and expenditure situation of medical insurance funds will become more and more severe, and it will become an inevitable trend for medical insurance funds to change from unit and individual contributions to diversified financing channels. As for how to diversify financing channels, relevant scholars believe that, in addition to ensuring all the insurance, it is necessary to increase financial input and establish a medical insurance risk reserve; Second, according to the level of economic development and the improvement of people's health needs, as well as the economic affordability of units and individuals, the contribution rate of basic medical insurance should be appropriately increased, and it should be mainly used to increase the total amount of medical pooling funds; Third, it is necessary to open up social fundraising channels, announce the establishment of social fundraising accounts for medical insurance to the public, and accept donations from Chinese and foreign enterprises and people from all walks of life, which are mainly used for social medical assistance for seriously ill patients and disadvantaged groups.
4. Synchronization of "three reforms". The reform of medical insurance system takes the lead, while the reform of medical and health system and the reform of drug production and circulation system are relatively lagging behind. This is a big misunderstanding, and "three reforms must be carried out simultaneously". First, it is necessary to improve the management methods of designated medical institutions and retail pharmacies, effectively break the monopoly, bring medical units of different scales and different forms of ownership into the designated scope of medical insurance services, influence and promote the competition among hospitals, clinics and pharmacies, strengthen the usual inspection and annual assessment, and severely deal with designated units that violate regulations and provide poor services; Second, it is necessary to implement information networking with the price department, promote the reduction of drug prices, and standardize medical service charges; Third, it is necessary to regularly publish relevant policies to guide residents to seek medical treatment, and regularly publicize the average hospitalization expenses and the proportion of self-funded amount of the same disease in designated medical institutions to the public, so that patients can clearly understand the relevant expenses and let hospitals accept social supervision.
although improving the medical insurance system is a long-term and continuous development process, it is urgent to improve the current unsatisfactory medical insurance situation. We should speed up the establishment and improvement of the medical insurance system in accordance with the spirit of the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China to meet the medical needs of the general public, so that most people can afford it, and even those who look down on it can afford it.
Appendix 1 Summary and Experience
This survey has enabled us to further understand and understand the society, increased our interpersonal skills, and cultivated our quality of unity and cooperation. What is more meaningful is that we have deepened our understanding of China's medical insurance system through this survey, which is a great pleasure to learn in practice. At the same time, it also tests what you have learned at ordinary times, further improving your thinking level and perfecting your knowledge structure. As college students in the new century, what I feel most about this survey is that although the medical security system has been established after decades of exploration and efforts since the founding of the People's Republic of China and is constantly improving it, there is still a big gap compared with developed countries in the world, and a sense of urgency follows. But we can't sell ourselves short. We firmly believe that as long as we rely on our wisdom and strength to overcome the shortcomings of the system, we can build a well-off society with a high level in an all-round way and basically realize modernization. Especially as students majoring in administration, they should use their professional knowledge to solve practical problems such as medical insurance reform.
Further reading: How to buy insurance, which is better, and teach you how to avoid these "pits" of insurance.