With the deterioration of the global environment, the intensification of air pollution and the serious soil erosion, people gradually realize the importance of environmental protection, especially the protection of wetlands, which has aroused widespread concern from all walks of life. It is very important to establish a scientific wetland protection management system. There are many types of natural environment in our province and even the whole country, and the natural environment conditions vary greatly from place to place. In order to protect the environment, some places have introduced various policies to strengthen environmental protection, and the current ecological situation has been alleviated and restored to varying degrees. Great changes have taken place in some places and the ecological environment has improved.
It is of great significance to conserve water, protect vegetation, maintain biodiversity, purify water and degrade pollution (heavy metals).
2. How to protect wetlands
At present, one of our important tasks is to let people know and understand wetlands, and try every means and opportunity to tell the public the important role of wetlands.
To do this work well, publicity is very important. At present, in order to implement the spirit of the the State Council Notice and the National Conference on Wetland Protection and Management, and implement the key work of the publicity program, we should focus on several tasks-First, increase the publicity of wetlands.
In order to better publicize the wetland protection, we specially issued the "Outline for the Implementation of Document No.50 of the State Council and the Spiritual Publicity of the National Conference on Wetland Protection and Management". After returning, all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities and relevant units should organize relevant personnel to learn and understand the main contents and key tasks of the publicity outline. All localities should study and formulate the recent wetland protection work plan according to the local actual situation and the content and focus of the publicity outline. The work plan should be practical and operable.
The leaders of the forestry departments of several provinces who came to the meeting this time will hold training courses when they come back. You should give lectures in person, tell everyone about the functions and benefits of wetlands, and make clear the importance of protecting wetlands. Our bureau should also organize a publicity group on wetland protection to carry out publicity and education activities in various provinces and cities.
The bureau will also publish a book, which will specifically introduce the functions, benefits and great functions of wetlands in China, the achievements and experiences of wetland work, and the major policies of the state to protect wetlands. It is also necessary to run professional wetland publications to introduce wetland protection knowledge and popularize wetland research results.
It is necessary to organize large-scale publicity activities in accordance with the publicity outline, and to have typical examples, speak with facts, dissect good examples for publicity and promotion, and expose and criticize bad ones. Efforts should be made to incorporate wetland publicity and education into primary and secondary school textbooks, combine wetland publicity and education with ideological and moral education for minors, and cultivate their awareness of wetland protection from an early age.
We should pay attention to several things: first, we should master the correct propaganda ideas. In the past few years, the propaganda work has played a very good role in changing the public's ideological understanding, concept and behavior on wetland protection.
When making a work plan according to the propaganda outline, we should aim at the basic problems of wetland protection. In terms of ideological understanding, we should teach people to correctly handle the relationship between protection and utilization, and form the consciousness of protection first and rational utilization in people's minds; It is necessary to publicize the mechanism and laws of wetland protection and let people know that it is illegal to destroy wetlands and damage biodiversity; It is necessary to publicize the functions and benefits of wetlands as a long-term work of wetland publicity.
We should pay attention to two aspects: first, leading cadres at all levels. Only when they realize the importance of protecting wetlands can they put wetlands in an important position in ecological protection decision-making at all levels; Grasping the general public and raising the public's awareness of wetland protection will form the mass base of work. Only in this way can the whole society care about and attach importance to wetland work.
Second, we should work together to highlight key points. The State Council's notice and the spirit of the national wetland conference, all localities should continue to seriously study and understand.
At the same time, according to the requirements of the publicity program and the actual situation of local wetland protection, we should seize the hot and difficult issues of wetland protection and carry out targeted work. After this meeting, the relevant units of the State Forestry Administration should study and formulate the work plan for the implementation of the publicity outline of their own units and departments according to the field and nature of work.
Led by the Ministry of Protection, in conjunction with the publicity office and other units to do a good job in the implementation of the publicity plan. During this period, the publicity program was implemented. The Ministry of Protection focuses on policies and regulations, macro-planning, conservation management, wetland engineering and international performances. The Academy of Forestry focuses on the function and benefit of wetlands and the theoretical guidance of wetlands, while the Planning Institute focuses on investigation and monitoring, protection planning, standard system and information exchange. WWF- China Project Office and wetlands international-China Project Office were also invited to continue to focus on international cooperation projects on the basis of good cooperation with our bureau in the past.
China Association, Propaganda Office, China Green Times, Green China Magazine and Forestry Society should take the initiative to unite the above units and actively strive for the support of large news organizations. The third is to take various forms.
Our wetland protection management department and the Lin family propaganda department should take the initiative to contact local news and propaganda units at all levels to inform the key work of wetland protection. In the form of publicity, don't stick to one model. We can open columns on radio, television, newspapers and the Internet, or publish and broadcast information about wetland protection. In particular, in the near future, we should try to set up a special publicity program on wetland and wildlife protection on CCTV Children's Channel, so that the relevant knowledge of wetland protection can be written into primary and secondary school textbooks, so that the majority of young people can establish a sense of protection from an early age.
There are special wetland schools in Beijing to carry out wetland science education. This model is very good and exemplary, and should be popularized. Shenzhen Futian Nature Reserve has incorporated wetland and bird protection knowledge into local primary school textbooks and achieved good results. In view of the emergencies in wetland work, actively publicize and guide good examples to set an example for wetland protection. Expose and analyze bad cases, and use strong public pressure to curb behaviors that are not conducive to wetland protection; Wildlife conservation associations at all levels should make full use of the advantages of good mass base and convenient communication with the international community, introduce the experience and practices of wetland protection in China, and introduce the international advanced concept of wetland protection into China. Second, pay close attention to wetland legislation and establish laws, regulations and policy systems for wetland protection as soon as possible.
According to the deployment of wetland conference, all provinces and cities should actively carry out wetland legislation. Strive to include wetland protection legislation in the provincial legislative plan this year and next, do a good job in drafting the draft legislation, and actively carry out legislative research.
All provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities should learn from each other and learn from each other's strengths. Heilongjiang, Gansu and other provinces that have issued provincial wetland protection regulations should take strengthening wetland protection law enforcement and carrying out publicity and training as the most important work in the near future, and further strengthen the concept of protecting wetlands according to law.
After the completion of wetland legislation, all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities should start to formulate national important wetlands and wetlands.
3. How to protect wetlands
At present, one of our important tasks is to let people know and understand wetlands, and try every means and opportunity to tell the public the important role of wetlands.
To do this work well, publicity is very important. At present, in order to implement the spirit of the the State Council Notice and the National Conference on Wetland Protection and Management, and implement the key work of the publicity program, we should focus on several tasks-First, increase the publicity of wetlands.
In order to better publicize the wetland protection, we specially issued the "Outline for the Implementation of Document No.50 of the State Council and the Spiritual Publicity of the National Conference on Wetland Protection and Management". After returning, all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities and relevant units should organize relevant personnel to learn and understand the main contents and key tasks of the publicity outline. All localities should study and formulate the recent wetland protection work plan according to the local actual situation and the content and focus of the publicity outline. The work plan should be practical and operable.
The leaders of the forestry departments of several provinces who came to the meeting this time will hold training courses when they come back. You should give lectures in person, tell everyone about the functions and benefits of wetlands, and make clear the importance of protecting wetlands. Our bureau should also organize a publicity group on wetland protection to carry out publicity and education activities in various provinces and cities.
The bureau will also publish a book, which will specifically introduce the functions, benefits and great functions of wetlands in China, the achievements and experiences of wetland work, and the major policies of the state to protect wetlands. It is also necessary to run professional wetland publications to introduce wetland protection knowledge and popularize wetland research results.
It is necessary to organize large-scale publicity activities in accordance with the publicity outline, and to have typical examples, speak with facts, dissect good examples for publicity and promotion, and expose and criticize bad ones. Efforts should be made to incorporate wetland publicity and education into primary and secondary school textbooks, combine wetland publicity and education with ideological and moral education for minors, and cultivate their awareness of wetland protection from an early age.
We should pay attention to several things: first, we should master the correct propaganda ideas. In the past few years, the propaganda work has played a very good role in changing the public's ideological understanding, concept and behavior on wetland protection.
When making a work plan according to the propaganda outline, we should aim at the basic problems of wetland protection. In terms of ideological understanding, we should teach people to correctly handle the relationship between protection and utilization, and form the consciousness of protection first and rational utilization in people's minds; It is necessary to publicize the mechanism and laws of wetland protection and let people know that it is illegal to destroy wetlands and damage biodiversity; It is necessary to publicize the functions and benefits of wetlands as a long-term work of wetland publicity.
We should pay attention to two aspects: first, leading cadres at all levels. Only when they realize the importance of protecting wetlands can they put wetlands in an important position in ecological protection decision-making at all levels; Grasping the general public and raising the public's awareness of wetland protection will form the mass base of work. Only in this way can the whole society care about and attach importance to wetland work.
Second, we should work together to highlight key points. The State Council's notice and the spirit of the national wetland conference, all localities should continue to seriously study and understand.
At the same time, according to the requirements of the publicity program and the actual situation of local wetland protection, we should seize the hot and difficult issues of wetland protection and carry out targeted work. After this meeting, the relevant units of the State Forestry Administration should study and formulate the work plan for the implementation of the publicity outline of their own units and departments according to the field and nature of work.
Led by the Ministry of Protection, in conjunction with the publicity office and other units to do a good job in the implementation of the publicity plan. During this period, the publicity program was implemented. The Ministry of Protection focuses on policies and regulations, macro-planning, conservation management, wetland engineering and international performances. The Academy of Forestry focuses on the function and benefit of wetlands and the theoretical guidance of wetlands, while the Planning Institute focuses on investigation and monitoring, protection planning, standard system and information exchange. WWF- China Project Office and wetlands international-China Project Office were also invited to continue to focus on international cooperation projects on the basis of good cooperation with our bureau in the past.
China Association, Propaganda Office, China Green Times, Green China Magazine and Forestry Society should take the initiative to unite the above units and actively strive for the support of large news organizations. The third is to take various forms.
Our wetland protection management department and the Lin family propaganda department should take the initiative to contact local news and propaganda units at all levels to inform the key work of wetland protection. In the form of publicity, don't stick to one model. We can open columns on radio, television, newspapers and the Internet, or publish and broadcast information about wetland protection. In particular, in the near future, we should try to set up a special publicity program on wetland and wildlife protection on CCTV Children's Channel, so that the relevant knowledge of wetland protection can be written into primary and secondary school textbooks, so that the majority of young people can establish a sense of protection from an early age.
There are special wetland schools in Beijing to carry out wetland science education. This model is very good and exemplary, and should be popularized. Shenzhen Futian Nature Reserve has incorporated wetland and bird protection knowledge into local primary school textbooks and achieved good results. In view of the emergencies in wetland work, actively publicize and guide good examples to set an example for wetland protection. Expose and analyze bad cases, and use strong public pressure to curb behaviors that are not conducive to wetland protection; Wildlife conservation associations at all levels should make full use of the advantages of good mass base and convenient communication with the international community, introduce the experience and practices of wetland protection in China, and introduce the international advanced concept of wetland protection into China. Second, pay close attention to wetland legislation and establish laws, regulations and policy systems for wetland protection as soon as possible.
According to the deployment of wetland conference, all provinces and cities should actively carry out wetland legislation. Strive to include wetland protection legislation in the provincial legislative plan this year and next, do a good job in drafting the draft legislation, and actively carry out legislative research.
All provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities should learn from each other and learn from each other's strengths. Heilongjiang, Gansu and other provinces that have issued provincial wetland protection regulations should take strengthening wetland protection law enforcement and carrying out publicity and training as the most important work in the near future, and further strengthen the concept of protecting wetlands according to law.
After the completion of wetland legislation, all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities should start to formulate national important wetlands and wetlands.
4. How to protect wetlands
1 Protect animals and control illegal killing.
2 protect water sources and prevent water sources from being polluted.
1 Accelerate the construction of wetland nature reserves
Sichuan wetland has a special geographical position, rich resources and diverse functions, which has important ecological and social significance. Practice at home and abroad has proved that the establishment of nature reserves is an effective way to protect wetlands. At present, there are only four wetland nature reserves in the province: Zoige Plateau swamp wetland, Kasha Lake in Luhuo County, Xinluhai in dege county, Litang in Daocheng County and Haizishan. In addition, some wetland resources have been placed in other types of protected areas, but most wetlands have not been effectively demarcated and protected. Therefore, it is necessary to solve the problems of unreasonable layout, single type and incomplete structure of wetland reserves in our province through * * * at all levels. It is suggested that relevant departments should be organized as soon as possible to cooperate closely, and on the basis of resource investigation and feasibility demonstration, the scope should be delineated, the wetland nature reserve should be established, the management organization should be set up, and the personnel should be implemented to truly play the role of the reserve.
2. Create legal conditions conducive to the protection of wetland resources.
Wetland resource protection is a public welfare undertaking. Under the condition of socialist market economy, it is necessary to formulate and improve special laws and regulations on wetland protection. Only by creating certain legal conditions can the dwindling and threatened wetland resources be effectively protected. At present, there are no special laws and regulations on wetland protection in the country and province, and the local laws and regulations in our province are basically blank. Only Liangshan Prefecture has passed the Regulations on the Protection and Management of Qionghai, but most wetlands are still in a state of non-strict protection. Therefore, we should improve relevant laws and regulations, strengthen law enforcement, and prohibit all acts that destroy or are not conducive to the protection of wetland resources.
3. Find out the family background and establish a wetland resource information base.
Up to now, the special investigation of wetland resources has not been carried out in our province, and the resources are still in a state of unclear family background, which brings certain difficulties to the protection and rational planning of wetland resources. Therefore, the investigation team of wetland resources should be organized as soon as possible to investigate the types, distribution and area of existing wetlands, the composition and function of wetland ecosystem, the present situation of wetland biodiversity, the changing trend of wetland ecological environment and other information according to unified technical specifications, and on this basis, the information base of wetland resources in the whole province should be established.
4. Straighten out relations, coordinate management and comprehensive management.
As an ecosystem, wetland contains many resources and is managed by different departments such as forestry, agriculture, fishery, animal husbandry, water conservancy and environmental protection. How to coordinate the relationship between these departments is related to the success or failure of wetland resources protection. After China's accession to the Convention on Wetlands, it is clear that the forestry department is responsible for wetland management. To this end, forestry departments at all levels should be serious and responsible, strengthen the contact and coordination between departments, strive to reach an understanding on wetland resources protection, take coordinated and multi-pronged protection actions, and use comprehensive measures such as afforestation, returning farmland to lakes and construction projects for prevention and protection.
5. Actively guide the people around the wetland to participate in wetland management.
People around the wetland have a close relationship with the wetland, and their behavior directly affects the existence of wetland resources. All walks of life should actively create conditions to publicize the benefits, functions and values of wetlands and the impact of wetlands on their own survival and the survival of future generations, and select some representative wetlands as demonstration sites for development, explore effective ways and methods for rational utilization, and implement "participatory" management methods to make the surrounding people live in harmony with wetlands and share weal and woe. It is worth noting that once the wetland is placed under protection, there will be a contradiction between protection and utilization. If it is not handled well, it may intensify the contradiction and cause more serious damage. Therefore, it is very important to solve the problem of economic compensation for economic losses caused by wetland protection.
5. Wetland protection related content
Land is the "reservoir" and "purifier" of water resources. Wetlands have powerful hydrological regulation and circulation functions, which can effectively store and intercept precipitation and surface runoff and replenish groundwater. The wetlands in China hold about 2.7 trillion tons of fresh water, accounting for 96% of the total available fresh water resources in China. Wetlands also have powerful functions of degrading pollution and purifying water quality. A large number of experiments in Beijing have proved that five kinds of bad water quality are purified to more than three kinds of water quality when they flow into wetlands and flow out. Wetlands are also a "species gene pool". Natural wetland is not only an excellent living place for aquatic animals and plants, but also a necessary habitat, migration place, wintering place and breeding place for many rare and endangered wild animals, especially waterfowl. Wetland biodiversity in China is very rich, with more than 2,200 species of wild plants, 0/770 species of wild animals and 2,765,438 species of birds alone.
6. What are wetlands and what knowledge do they have?
The research on "wetland" as a special habitat began in the early 1970s, when the Ramsar International Convention on Wetlands was signed. Simply put, wetland is an ecosystem between land and water. The concept of wetland. Parks are similar to small protected areas, but different from nature reserves and general parks. According to the current trend of wetland protection and management at home and abroad, wetland landscape areas with the functions of protecting species and their habitats, eco-tourism and eco-environmental education can all be called "wetland parks", such as Mai Po Wetland (with an area of 380 hectares) and Morton in Hong Kong. Australian Bay Ocean Park and Victoria Park, and Japanese Kushiro wetlands international Park (reserve). They all use the typical wetland biodiversity landscape and its important position in the river basin or estuary area, as well as the uniqueness of the Asia-Pacific migratory waterfowl passage to plan wetland parks in different meanings in the buffer zone or experimental area of the reserve, and seek a balance between the protection and sustainable utilization of different landscape resources.
The construction of wetland park is a "catalyst" to promote the sustainable development of regional social economy, and it is also the practical achievement of wetland protection and conservation theory. At present, no one at home and abroad has given the exact definition of wetlands international Park. According to the understanding of general literature, wetlands international Park should maintain the unique natural ecosystem and the landscape state close to nature, and maintain the ecological balance and coordinated development of different animal and plant species in the system. On the basis of not destroying the natural habitat of the wetland as much as possible, different types of auxiliary facilities will be built, and the functions of ecological protection, eco-tourism and eco-environmental education will be organically combined to realize the rational development of natural resources and the improvement of the ecological environment, and finally reflect the realm of harmonious coexistence between man and nature.
The biggest feature of wetland park lies in its theme, naturalness and ecology. The planned Chongming Dongtan wetlands international Park is located at the junction of the buffer zone and the core zone of Chongming Dongtan Reserve, namely Dongwangsha B Beach between 1992 and 1998 dikes. The completed wetlands international Park covers an area of 30,000 mu and has the functions of protection, scientific research, education and tourism. It is an agricultural park under construction in Chongming.
7. How to protect wetland ecology
From 65438 to 0998, "green camp" went to Sanjiang Plain in Northeast China to protect wetland ecology.
At that time, the word "wetland" was strange to many people. Generally speaking, wetlands include swamps, lakes, rivers, estuaries and beaches, mangroves and coral beaches in coastal areas, and artificial wetlands with limited ecological functions.
Wetland has two important functions: first, scientific research shows its importance more and more, and it is an ecosystem with biodiversity and biomass on the earth; It has its special functions in regulating climate, storing water for flood control, promoting siltation and reclamation, and degrading pollution, so it is called "kidney of the earth". Secondly, the wetland also provides a large number of food, meat, fish, medicinal materials, energy, water sources, industrial raw materials, as well as the aesthetic sources of large waterfowl such as cranes, storks and snipes and the coastal scenery of lakes and swamps. The Sanjiang Plain in Northeast China visited by green camp is an important wetland, located in the east of Heilongjiang Province (where Heilongjiang, Songhua River and Wusuli River meet).
Sanjiang Plain has a wide and flat landform, concentrated precipitation, slow runoff, sticky soil and seasonal freezing and thawing, which leads to over-wet surface and long-term water accumulation, forming a large area of swamp water, swamp vegetation and soil, forming a unique swamp landscape. The swamp and swampy land here covers an area of about 2.4 million hectares, which is the largest swamp distribution area in China.
Before people knew about wetlands, they called Sanjiang Plain "Great Northern Wilderness", regarded it as "barren land" and regarded it as the primary development object. After the reclamation of Sanjiang Plain, many large state-owned farms were built. "Great Northern Wilderness" has become "Great Northern Warehouse" and an important commodity grain base in China.
At the same time of reclamation, the ecological balance in this area has been destroyed to a certain extent, the climatic conditions have deteriorated, droughts and floods have increased, wind disasters have intensified, soil erosion has been serious, and rare animals and plants have decreased. The scale and speed of this development run counter to people's understanding of the necessity of wetland protection.
Therefore, "understanding, publicizing and protecting wetlands" is the basic task of 1998 green camp, and it is also the key point of environmental protection of 1998. When selecting campers, the "Green Camp" requires everyone to collect and learn information about wetlands and write a learning experience.
Before departure, the campers listened to the reports of Chen Kelin, an international wetland organization, Shen Xiaohui, who had just returned from wetland inspection, and Ma Yiqing, a researcher at the Institute of Natural Resources of Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, and got a general understanding of the ecology, current situation and existing problems of wetlands. Coupled with the discussion and field training before departure, I was psychologically prepared for this activity.
On July 24th, 1998, green camp started. Everyone's camp clothes are printed with the words "protect wetlands".
In fact, how to protect wetlands? It's just an abstract wish, and no one can make any comments or suggestions. After a month of study and investigation, everyone began to have some ideas in their hearts.
At the campers' meeting, Tang Xiyang put forward three points: (1) We can't wait until the wetlands are gone before we know and protect them. In the current situation of increasingly contradictory protection and development, it is a powerful measure to build and expand the area of protected areas.
Although there are various problems in nature reserves at present, it takes time to improve and perfect them, but after all, there is one more place, one more entity and less regret. (2) *** should cooperate with wetland scientists, sum up decades of experience and lessons, and legislate for wetland protection.
For example, where to develop, where not to develop, and how to develop must have scientific basis and rules to follow. If the nutrient soil layer in some places is very thin, the sand layer and clay under it will turn up, which will not only lead to low grain output, but also cause storms and sandstorms, and the future troubles will be endless.
Even in areas where development is allowed, it is necessary to change the simple farming method, focus on developing paddy fields, and strive to create artificial ecological models of land-water interaction such as rice-reed-fish, rice-fish-hemp, grass-based fish ponds, piled-up fish ponds and fruit-based fish ponds, and embark on the road of sustainable development with both ecological and economic benefits. Even in the development zone, a certain proportion of natural wetland reserves or protected communities should be set aside, which can not only protect the wetland ecosystem, but also improve the local agricultural ecological environment.
Jiansanjiang Branch of State Administration of Land Reclamation has more contacts with intellectuals and Japanese and American experts from all over China, and has a strong awareness of environmental protection. Therefore, while establishing a modern Honghe farm, 327,000 mu of wetlands were set aside to establish the Honghe Nature Reserve, and paddy fields were expanded on a large scale in the farm to increase the area of artificial wetlands. This move is a far-sighted example.
(3) Strengthen wetland publicity. Protecting forests and animals is easier to understand; Protecting wetlands is not so easy to say. In particular, to make the people understand, the leaders understand, and let them know that protecting wetlands is a major event that concerns the current and long-term interests, and we really need to make some efforts.
Only when people understand and leaders understand can wetlands be truly protected. However, judging from the people, leaders and even the staff of the wetland reserve we contacted, many people lack understanding of wetlands, so it is imperative to create various forms of publicity about wetlands.
Especially this year, the river flooded, and it has long been concerned. Calling it a natural disaster is actually a man-made disaster. The reason is simple: trees have been cut down, wetlands have been occupied, and the Yangtze River has "spoken" to many rivers, resulting in many people saving their lives.
We should make great efforts to publicize the protection of wetlands by nature. This year, we launched the Green Camp in Sanjiang Plain in the northeast of China. I also try to write this article well, which is also a form. If everyone pays attention, there will be many forms.
1August 998 12 is the day when the "wetland protection" activity is coming to an end. Several campers wrote affectionately in the "Camp Log" or personally said to Tang Xiyang, "I hope green camp will never end." Tang Xiyang dug out a beautiful notebook given to him by Northeast Forestry University and wrote a paragraph on it: Dear campers, we are from Kunming, Nanning, Chongqing, Chengdu, Shanghai, Beijing and Harbin.
Our wishes are the same. The meeting was accidental and the time was short, but we saw the wetland scenery in the northeast of our country, the Wusuli River, the wild lotus and the stork. All kinds of experiences, difficulties, collisions and sparks of thought will be engraved in our future life forever.
When we were about to break up.