Government investment projects refer to construction projects invested by financial allocation, land funds, urban infrastructure capacity increase fees, education surcharges, sewage charges, housing funds, profits paid by municipal state-owned enterprises, etc. Government investment is mainly concentrated in basic and public welfare projects.
The whole process management of project cost is to ensure the investment benefit of construction project. All business activities and organizational activities around project cost are carried out in the whole process of project construction from feasibility study to preliminary design, construction drawing design, construction debugging, completion debugging and final accounts. At present, the cost of construction projects in China is priced and controlled by stages, that is, the investment estimate is compiled in the project establishment stage, the budget is compiled in the preliminary design stage, the project budget is compiled in the construction drawing stage, and the final accounts are compiled in the completion acceptance stage. Multiple pricing of construction projects is because construction projects are a long-term and large-scale production and consumption process. The links of multiple pricing are interrelated, the former restricts the latter and the latter supplements the former. According to the investment estimate approved by the regulations, the budget estimate, as the maximum investment of the construction project, shall not be broken in the implementation stage.
At present, the phenomenon of "three excesses" often appears in government investment projects. In other words, on the same project, there are budget overruns, budget overruns and final accounts overruns. How to strengthen the project cost management and avoid the "three super" project has always been a topic of concern in the industry.
Only by reasonably determining the cost can the cost be effectively controlled. At present, the project investment plan is determined on the basis of budgetary estimate. China has always attached great importance to budgetary estimate, which is regarded as the maximum amount of investment and the basic basis of investment contract. However, because the budget estimate reflects the preliminary design, the preliminary design can actually be free from the restriction of the budget estimate. The budget estimate can be large or small and can be adjusted after approval. In addition, budget estimates often fail to take reasonable account of price increases. In fact, it is difficult to control investment and sign contracts. There are many reasons for the excessive error in budgetary estimate. Objectively, the price increase is too large, and the time interval between project approval and design, design and construction is too long, which further aggravates the influence of material and equipment price changes on the accuracy of budget estimate. The budget estimate also underestimates factors such as early demolition and underground concealment, and increases investment in various apportionment and land acquisition fees. In addition to objective factors, subjective factors can also cause excessive errors in project budget, such as unhealthy market atmosphere in project design and construction bidding. For the purpose of examination and approval, the construction unit privately requests the design unit to reduce the budgetary estimate without modifying the design when the budgetary estimate of the design exceeds the specified investment, or lowers the standard or reduces the scale during examination and approval to control the investment. After the project is approved, raise the standard by itself. In addition, the budgetary estimate compiled by the design unit is not binding enough, and people have become accustomed to the large budgetary estimate error. The relevant departments failed to take corresponding measures to solve this problem in time, and the existing budget estimation method needs to be improved. According to the data calculation and analysis of relevant experts, the influence degree of technical design stage on construction project cost is 35%-75%, and that of construction drawing design stage is 5%- 10%. It can be seen that the design budget estimate in the preliminary design stage is the basis for compiling and controlling the construction drawing budget, the basis for assessing the economic rationality of the design, and the key to limiting the "three excesses". While gradually solving the objective factors of budgetary estimate error, we should solve the subjective factors of excessive budgetary estimate error morally, standardize the design market, improve the responsibility system and strengthen the cost supervision in the design stage.
The city planning department determines the planned investment according to the project budget, but the neglect of the planned investment has become the limit of cost control in the project construction process, and the later construction drawing budget and final accounts must be strictly controlled within the planned investment.
In the construction stage, the quality of construction drawing budget not only affects the design scheme, but also directly affects the income and expenditure of enterprises, and then affects the investment effect of construction projects. When preparing the construction drawing budget, we must strictly entertain the state's principles and policies on construction project cost management, discount standards in various regions and design schemes approved by the preliminary design. Master the budget price and actual supply of materials and equipment, make the construction drawing budget more accurate and reasonable, and effectively control the "three super". Implementing bidding system and strengthening contract management are effective methods to control project cost. With the gradual improvement of China's legal system construction, the implementation of "Bidding Law" and "Contract Law", strengthening the review of construction drawing budget, bidding work and contract review after bidding are all key steps to effectively control the "three excesses".
The final stage of capital construction is completion acceptance and delivery of production. Completion settlement is also a summary of technical experience in the construction stage, a direct basis for measuring the cost of engineering construction projects and enterprise management, and a part of completion settlement. Some projects failed to organize acceptance in time after completion or after acceptance and delivery to production, failed to complete settlement according to the construction contract, and defaulted on the project payment, which led to the long-term failure of the projects to play their due economic benefits and brought certain difficulties to the determination of capital construction investment and the control of "three super". In order to prevent the final accounts of the project from exceeding the project budget, the key point is to control the design changes and site visas during the construction process.
At present, the management of municipal government investment projects in Shenzhen is to monitor the whole process and check by stages, that is, estimation, budgetary estimate and even determination of investment plan, and the planning department is responsible for checking. The gradual standardization of the project legal person responsibility system shows the determination of the Shenzhen Municipal Government to control the cost of government-invested projects. At present, the project legal person responsibility system should be implemented as soon as possible, and the control of project cost mainly depends on the construction unit, which runs through the whole process of project construction. Only by fully mobilizing their enthusiasm can we really control costs, and of course effective supervision must also keep up. At the same time, it is necessary to further standardize the market and government behavior functions, straighten out the relationship between departments, and make all departments really cooperate with each other. In addition, only with a team of high-quality infrastructure talents can the cost of government investment projects be effectively controlled.
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