Random Talk on Hundred Family Names in Ancient and Modern Times
28-8-7 11:13:42 Source: Meizhou Daily Click Times: 3 Print Close
□ Chen Maoxing
China is the earliest country to use surnames, and surnames were passed down by the paternal line about 5, years ago. The ranking of surnames of China people varies from dynasty to dynasty, and the changes of surnames reflect the historical and cultural development and inheritance of the Chinese nation. The ancient enlightenment reading "Hundred Family Names" is a four-word and one-sentence rhyme of common surnames compiled by a scholar in Qiantang (Hangzhou) in the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty. The order is not strictly listed according to the population of surnames, mainly for rhyming sentences and being easy to learn and remember, so it has become the most popular teaching material.
Wang Mingqing, a scholar in the Southern Song Dynasty, points out that the first surnames of "Qiansun Zhao Li, Zhou Wu Zheng Wang" in Hundred Surnames are well arranged: Zhao refers to Zhao Song, and the surname of the emperor should be the first; Followed by Qian, the surname of King wuyue in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms; Sun is the surname of his king Qian Liu Zhengfei; Li is the surname of the Southern Tang King. The old Hundred Surnames originally collected 411 surnames, and later it was supplemented to 54 surnames, including 444 single surnames and 6 compound surnames. The top 1 rankings are: Qiansun Zhao Li, Zhou Wu Zheng Wang, Feng Chen Chu Wei, Jiang Shen Han Yang, Zhu Qin You Xu, He Lv Shi Zhang, Kong Cao Yan Hua, Jin Wei Tao Jiang, Qi Xie Zou Yu, Bai Shui Dou Zhang, Yun Su Pan Ge, Xi Fan Peng Lang, Lu Wei Chang Ma, Miao Feng Hua Fang, Yu Ren Yuan Liu, Feng Bao Shi Tang and Fei Lian Cenxue.
Many dynasties in the history of our country compiled "hundreds of surnames" or "thousands of surnames", but they were not sorted by population, but related to family status or surname pronunciation at that time. For example, in the Ming Dynasty, "a thousand surnames" began with the emperor's "Zhu" surname; In the Qing dynasty, the "hundred surnames" began with the surname "Kong" to show respect for Kong. Then, can we restore the scientific ranking of surnames in the Song Dynasty for more than 1 years? Yuan Yida, a researcher at the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, China Academy of Sciences, collected the most comprehensive literature and demographic figures from that time according to the internationally recognized research method on surname frequency, and calculated the proportion of the average population of the whole country and provinces with the year interval as the weighted number, thus calculating the expected distribution frequency of surnames in the whole country at that time. Among them, the order of the top 1 surnames in each dynasty is-< P > ● Song Dynasty (96-1279): Wang Li Zhang Zhao, Liu Chen Yang Wu, Huang Zhu Sun Guo, Hu Lu Gao Song, Edward Xu Lin Zheng, Fan He Han Cao, Ma Xu Tian Feng, Du Zhou Zeng Wang, Su Dong Fang Cai, Liang Shi Xie Jia, Xue Peng Cui Tang.
● Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368): Wang Zhang Li Liu, Chen Zhao Wu Yang, Huang Zhou Xu Zhu, Zheng Hu Gao Guo, Lin Cheng Ma Shi, Wang Luo Sun Deng, Zeng Xiao He Fang, Tang Xie Feng Lu, Xu Han Dong Ye, Song Xia Yu Cao, Fan Pan Tian Yao, Jin Yuan Cai Dai, Shi Kong Xue Du, Ni.
● Ming Dynasty (1368-1644): Wang Zhang Lichen, Yang Liu Wu Huang, Zhou Xu Zhu Zhao, Hu Sun He Zheng, Guo Shen Gaolin, Xie Ma Yeluo, Feng Xu Xiaowang, Han Cao Pan Lu, Yao Cheng Yuyuan, Song Qian Lulu, Tang Peng Jiang Zeng, Deng Cai Gu Wei, Fang Fu Jin Fan, Liang Xia.
● Not long ago, with the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China, researcher Yuan Yida cooperated with relevant experts to complete a latest survey of the "Surname Research Project" and put forward a new ranking of hundreds of surnames according to the population size: Li Wang Zhang Liu, Chen Yang Huang Zhao, Zhou Wu Xu Sun, Zhu Ma Hu Guo, Lin He Gao Liang, Zheng Luo Song Xie, Tang Han Cao Xu, Deng Xiao Feng Zeng, Cheng Cai Peng Pan and Yuan Yudong.
Qiansun Zhao Li Zhou Wu Zheng Wang Feng Chen Zhuwei Jiang Shen Han Yang Zhu Qin You Xu He Lu Shizhang
Kong Cao Yan Hua Jin Wei Tao Jiang Qi Xie Zou Yu Bai Shui Dou Zhang Yun Su Pan Ge Xi Fan Penglang
Lu Weichang Ma Miaofeng Hua Fang Yu Ren Yuan Liu Zhen Bao Shi Tang Fei Lian Cen Xue Lei He Ni Tang
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Xiong Ji Shu Qu Xiang Zhu Dong Liang Du Nguyen Lam Min Xi Ji Ma Qiang Jia Lu Lou Wei Jiang Tong Yan Guo
Mei Sheng Lin Diao Zhong Xu Qiu Luo Gao Xia Cai Tian Fan Hu Ling Huo Yu Wan Zhi Ke blames Lu Mo
Jing Fang Qiu Miao Gan Jie Ying Zong Ding Xuan Ben Deng Yu Dan Hang Hong Bao Zhu Zuo Shi Cui Ji Niu Gong
Cheng Ji Xing Hua. The rich witch Wujiaoba bows and grazes in the valley, and the car is in full swing. Yang Qiu Zhong Yi Palace
Ning Qiu Luan is violent, Gan Luo is Li Rong's ancestor Wu Fu, Liu Jing Zhan Shu Long Ye Xing Si Shao Gao Li Ji Bo
Su Bai Huai Pu Tai is from Esuo Xian, Lai Zhuo Lin Tu Meng, Chi Qiao, gloomy, intelligent and pale
Wen Xin Dang Zhai Tan. Lian Ruxi is an official and loves fish.
Xiang Guyi Shen Ge Liao Geng and Ju Heng Bu Du Geng Manhong Kuang Guowen Kou Guanglu Quedong
He beat Wali Wei Yue Kuilong's teacher Gong Zhe Nie Chao Gou Ao Rong, but he was cold and brave.
He did not raise Ju Xufeng's nest. Puyang Chunyu Khan Shen Tu Gongsun Zhong Sun Xuanyuan Hu Ling
Zhong Li Yuwen Changsun Murong Xian Yu Lu Qiu Situ Sikong Yi lawsuit Kou Du Zi Che
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Jin Chu Yan Fa Ru Yan Tuqin section Ganbaili Dongguo south gate Huyan Guihai sheep.