The answer is irrelevant upstairs. Issuing treasury bonds means that the state borrows money from the people, with the purpose of spending it again, so that the demand can be stimulated. The money in the hands of the people is not the money they are going to spend, but the money they have in the bank, so the interest rate of treasury bonds is generally higher than that of banks, which allows the people to lend money to the state. After the state receives the money, it will build a bridge in Gai Lou, and in short, it will be spent. Most of the transfer payments have the nature of welfare expenditure. Such as social insurance benefits, pensions, pensions, unemployment benefits, relief funds and various subsidies, etc. Usually, when the depression comes, the total income drops and unemployment increases, and the social welfare expenditure allocated by the government will inevitably increase. In this way, the purchasing power can be enhanced, the effective demand level can be improved, and the depression can be suppressed or alleviated. When there is excessive demand in the economy, the government can reduce the transfer payment, which can restrain the increase of the total demand level. Of course, for the over-inflated demand, this kind of tax reduction has little inhibitory effect. In fact, it is also a way to return wealth to the people. In short, the three ways you mentioned, in layman's terms, are that the government gives more money to the people, and if the people don't spend it, the government will lend it to help us spend it in the form of national debt.