How to explain the basic knowledge of funds to compare standards and norms? Let's share the basic knowledge of the fund and explain the relevant methods and experiences for your reference.

Explanation of basic knowledge of fund

I. What is a fund

As an investment tool, funds, like China stocks, are the mainstream investment tools in the world. Internationally, funds can be roughly divided into the following three categories:

1. Securities investment fund

Securities investment fund is a portfolio composed of a group of experienced professional investors, which specializes in investing in various securities (stocks, bonds, commodities, financial derivatives, etc.). ) and pursue the security and profitability of funds.

2. Industrial investment funds

Industrial investment fund is a portfolio composed of a group of well-funded investors, mainly investing in industries (such as manufacturing, mining and agriculture). ), and the pursuit of capital appreciation, corporate dividends, stock appreciation.

3. Venture Capital Fund

Venture capital fund is a portfolio composed of some investors with entrepreneurial experience and entrepreneurial spirit. Mainly invest in emerging high-tech enterprises and small and medium-sized enterprises, and pursue high growth of capital.

In China, funds are just as investment tools as stocks. Funds in China can be roughly divided into the following two categories:

1. Securities investment fund

Securities investment fund is a portfolio composed of a group of professional fund managers, which specializes in investing in all kinds of securities and pursues the security and profitability of funds.

2. Industrial investment funds

Industrial investment fund is a portfolio composed of a group of well-funded investors, mainly investing in industries, pursuing capital appreciation, dividends of enterprises and stock appreciation.

Two. Types of funds

According to the mode of operation, funds can be roughly divided into the following two categories:

1. Closed-end fund

Closed-end fund means that when the fund sponsors set up the fund, they stipulate the total amount of the fund and the duration in the fund contract, and the fund shall not increase the total amount of the fund during the duration. When the total amount of the fund's issuance reaches the pre-specified requirements, the fund will stop raising. Usually, a certain amount of funds will be raised at the agreed time and price to make it a complete investment fund with specific objectives, scale and income range. Usually, 65,438+000 fund units are used as a fund contract.

2. Open fund

Open-end fund means that when the fund sponsors set up the fund, the duration of the fund contract is not specified and the fund scale is not fixed. Fund sponsors can redeem this part of the funds according to a certain proportion at an appropriate time. Investors can also apply to the fund sponsors to purchase funds at any time. According to the size of the fund, the fund sponsors need to provide investors with the corresponding investment amount. Usually the minimum subscription share is 1 fund unit.

What does the explanation of fund basic knowledge include?

First, the basic knowledge of the fund:

1. The concept of fund: a fund is an investment tool, managed by a fund manager, kept by a fund custodian and invested by fund investors.

2. The characteristics of the fund: collective investment, professional management, risk diversification, relatively low risk and relatively high return.

3. Fund types: According to the mode of operation, funds can be divided into closed-end funds and open-end funds. According to the investment objects, funds can be divided into stock funds, bond funds and hybrid funds. According to the way of income, funds can be divided into growth funds, income-oriented funds and balanced funds.

Second, the classification of funds:

1. Equity funds: Equity funds refer to funds whose stock investment accounts for more than 60% of the fund's assets.

2. Bond funds: Bond funds refer to funds whose bond investment accounts for more than 80% of the fund's assets.

3. Hybrid fund: A hybrid fund refers to a fund whose stock investment accounts for 0%- 100% of the fund assets.

4. Monetary fund: Monetary fund refers to the fund that invests in the money market.

5. Capital preservation fund: Capital preservation fund refers to cash invested in capital preservation bonds and money market funds. , and keep not less than 5% of the fund's net asset value or government bonds with maturity within one year.

6. Index funds: Index funds refer to funds that invest in stock indexes or their components.

Three. Expenses of the Fund:

1. Fund management fee: Fund management fee refers to the fund manager's expenses for managing the fund.

2. Fund custody fee: Fund custody fee refers to the service fee provided by the fund custodian for the fund.

3. Fund sales service fee: The fund sales service fee refers to the service fee provided by the fund sales organization for the fund.

Four. Fund transactions:

1. Fund subscription: Fund subscription means that when investors buy fund shares, they pay all the subscription money in one lump sum according to the price in the fund prospectus.

2. Fund subscription: Fund subscription means that investors pay all the subscription money in one lump sum according to the price in the fund prospectus when purchasing fund shares.

3. Fund redemption: Fund redemption refers to the behavior of investors to recover all the price at one time according to the price of the fund prospectus when selling the fund share.

Verb (abbreviation for verb) Fund investment:

1. Stock investment: Stock investment refers to the behavior of funds investing in stocks.

2. Bond investment: Bond investment refers to the behavior of funds investing in bonds.

3. Securities investment: Securities investment refers to the behavior of funds investing in securities such as stocks, bonds and money market funds.

Information disclosure of intransitive verb fund;

1. Prospectus: Prospectus refers to the fund prospectus, which is an important reference for fund investors to purchase fund shares.

2. Fund net value announcement: Fund net value announcement means that the fund manager announces the fund net value every month.

3. Regular fund report: Regular fund report refers to the fund report announced by the fund manager regularly according to the regulations.

Seven. Risks of the fund:

1. Market risk: Market risk refers to the investment loss caused by market price fluctuation.

2. Interest rate risk: Interest rate risk refers to the investment loss caused by interest rate fluctuation.

3. Exchange rate risk: Exchange rate risk refers to the investment loss caused by exchange rate fluctuations.

4. Political risk: Political risk refers to the investment loss caused by political events.

Eight. Performance evaluation of the fund:

1. Fund net growth rate: Fund net growth rate refers to the change of fund net value.

2. Fund performance comparison: Fund performance comparison refers to comparing the rate of return of this fund with that of similar funds.

3. Risk control of the fund: The risk control of the fund means that the fund manager takes measures to reduce the risk of fund investment.

Nine. Operation and management of the fund:

1. Fund raising: Fund raising refers to the behavior of fund managers to raise funds according to the prescribed procedures.

2. Investment decision of the fund: The investment decision of the fund refers to the behavior of the fund manager to make decisions on the investment of the fund.

3. Income distribution of funds: Income distribution of funds refers to the behavior of fund managers to distribute fund income.

4. Fund portfolio: Fund portfolio refers to the behavior of fund managers to invest fund assets in stocks, bonds, money market funds and other securities according to the fund's investment strategy.

X laws and regulations of the fund:

1. Securities Investment Fund Law: The Securities Investment Fund Law is the basic law on funds.

2. Securities Law: Securities Law is the basic law of the securities market.

3. Contract Law: Contract Law is the basic law on contracts.

4. Tort liability law: Tort liability law is the basic law on tort liability.

What are the explanations of the basic knowledge of funds?

1. Understand the fund: Have a general understanding of the concept, types, characteristics, historical development and evaluation criteria of the fund.

Second, the classification of funds: learn more about open-end funds and closed-end funds, and understand their differences, characteristics and development history.

Third, the fund manager: understand the background, experience, investment style and some representative works of the fund manager.

Fourth, the fund's investment strategy: understand the fund's investment strategy, investment scope, and some of its own investment ideas.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) fund risk management: Understand the risk management of funds, how to control risks, and some of their risk management methods.

Sixth, the performance evaluation of the fund: understand the performance evaluation of the fund, how to evaluate the performance of the fund and some of their evaluation methods.

Seven. Fund customer service: understand the fund customer service, how to get help and some of their service contents.

Explanation and analysis of basic knowledge of fund

I. What is a fund

As an investment tool, fund is as popular and influential as China's stock in the world. Fund is an indirect investment tool. By pooling the funds of many investors, independent assets are formed, which are managed by fund custodians and managed and used by fund managers, and invested in financial instruments such as stocks and bonds, and then * * * bears the investment risks and shares the benefits.

Ii. investment objectives of the fund

Funds invest in stocks, bonds and cash with certain risks and stable returns, so their risks and returns are between stocks and bonds. Fund assets are managed by investment experts, and the investment portfolio is designed by investment experts, who use the fund to invest within specific investment restrictions.

Third, the classification of funds.

1. According to the different forms of fund organization, funds can be divided into contractual investment funds and corporate investment funds.

2. According to the different investment methods of funds, funds can be divided into closed-end funds and open-end funds.

Four. Expenditure of the fund

Fund expenses refer to the expenses incurred during the operation of the fund, including:

1. Fund management fee

2. Fund custody fee

3. Sales service fee

4. Fund interest expense

Verb (abbreviation for verb) income of the fund

Fund income refers to all kinds of cash income generated during the operation of fund assets, including:

1. Interest income

2. Investment income

3. Deposit interest income

Information disclosure of intransitive verbs fund

The information disclosure of funds means that in the process of fund operation, information such as investment composition, fund manager, fund custodian, fund net value and fund expenses must be disclosed to investors. This information can be disclosed through newspapers, financial networks, financial publications and other media.

Overview of fund basic knowledge

I. Basic knowledge of the fund

1. The concept and essence of funds

Fund is a kind of collective securities investment method entrusted by fund manager (that is, custodian), which is managed and used by fund manager to seek the greatest benefit for fund share holders.

2. Characteristics of the Fund

* * * Co-investment and risk diversification: funds are usually composed of multiple investors, and their capital is pooled together to invest in stocks, bonds or other financial instruments, which can not only reduce investment risks, but also obtain greater returns.

Professional management and portfolio: The Fund is managed by a professional organization, and will use the funds of fund share holders to make diversified investment and portfolio investment according to the investment scope and requirements of laws and regulations and fund contracts, so as to reduce risks, ensure the safety of fund assets and realize long-term stable appreciation of fund assets.

Liquidity of funds and freedom of trading: the fund can be redeemed at any time, with strong liquidity and high security.

Low investment threshold, realizing asset preservation and appreciation: the fund has low requirements for investors, so long as it meets the requirements of investors' proper management, it can invest in the fund to realize the purpose of asset preservation and appreciation.

Second, the classification of funds.

1. According to the organizational form and operation mode of the fund.

Contractual fund: refers to the fund established and operated according to the fund contract.

A corporate fund refers to a fund established in accordance with the Fund Law and operated in accordance with the articles of association of the fund company.

2. According to the classification of fund investment objects

Equity fund: refers to the fund that invests in the stock market.

Bond fund: refers to the fund that invests in the bond market.

Hybrid fund: refers to funds that invest in instruments such as stocks, bonds and money markets.

Money fund: refers to a fund that invests in the money market.

3. According to the income and risk of the fund.

Growth funds: refers to funds that invest in growth stocks.

Income fund: refers to a fund that invests in income stocks.

Balanced fund: refers to the fund that invests in growth and income stocks.

4. According to the fund's asset portfolio.

Active fund: refers to a fund that actively selects stocks, actively invests in stock portfolios, and strives to obtain returns exceeding the benchmark.

Passive fund: refers to an index fund that passively tracks the stock index, does not actively seek to surpass the market performance, and mainly gains income by tracking the index.

Index fund: refers to a fund that invests in the constituent stocks of a specific index to cover all the stocks included in the index.

5. Classification by fund operation mode

Closed-end fund: refers to the fund term stipulated in the fund contract when the fund sponsors set up the fund. Under normal circumstances, after the expiration of the fund term, it can be renewed with the consent of the beneficiaries' meeting.

Open-end fund: refers to the fund whose term is not agreed by the sponsors when setting up the fund, and whose scale is not fixed. It can raise funds at any time according to the actual needs of the fund and accept redemption from the holders at any time.

6. According to the degree of diversification of fund investment.

Umbrella fund: refers to a parent fund set up by the fund promoter, and then several sub-funds or series of funds are issued by the parent fund. The parent fund is managed by the fund manager, and each sub-fund can decide its own investment strategy.

Mutual fund: A fund sponsor establishes a parent fund, and then the parent fund issues several sub-funds, each of which is managed by a different fund manager, but the investment strategy of each fund is the same.

7. According to the source and use of funds.

Listed open-end fund (LOF): refers to the open-end fund listed and traded in this Exchange.

Unlisted open-end fund (ETF): refers to the fund manager's application of modern portfolio theory to combine investment with diversified investment to minimize investment risks.

8. Classification of fund investment strategies

Equity fund: refers to the fund that invests in the stock market.

Bond fund: refers to the fund that invests in the bond market.

Hybrid fund: refers to funds that invest in instruments such as stocks, bonds and money markets.

Money fund: refers to a fund that invests in the money market.

Three. Expenditure of the fund

1. Fund management fee: refers to the fund manager's fee for managing the fund.

2. Fund custody fee: refers to the fee for the fund custodian to provide custody services for the fund.

3. Fund operating expenses: refers to the expenses incurred in the course of fund operation according to a certain proportion or amount.

4. Sales service fee: refers to the expenses incurred by the fund manager in the process of fund sales according to the sales service contract.

Four. Income distribution of the fund

1. principle of income distribution

Fund income distribution should follow the principles of fairness, reasonableness and transparency, that is, the fund manager must inform the fund share holders of important matters such as the calculation method of fund net value, the principle of income distribution, the distribution benchmark, the distribution ratio and the distribution method in the form of fund contract, prospectus and the resolution of the fund share holders' meeting.

The distribution of fund income should be based on the holding share, that is, the fund manager will distribute part of the fund income to the fund share holders in proportion to the fund share.

This is the end of the introduction of the article.