Director Zhang Qi, Department of Electronic Information Products Management, Ministry of Information Industry
Advantages of Linux software
Linux is a Unix-like operating system with open source code. Because it is free and open, advanced in technology, and follows the rules of the free software alliance GPL protocol, it conforms to the growing demand of software developers and users for the right to know information systems, thus quickly winning the support and recognition of a number of famous developers in the software industry and being spread and developed rapidly. Since 199 1 came out, the technical performance of Linux free software has been improved day by day, the product categories have increased rapidly, and the application fields have been continuously broadened. At present, there are 8 million Linux users in the world, and 29% of Internet servers use Linux system. With the rapid development of Internet, Linux has become one of the fastest growing operating systems in the world because of its self-development, high efficiency and flexibility. According to insiders, Linux is the most potential operating system in the software market.
Last June, 5438+065438+ 10, some well-known domestic computer manufacturers pre-installed the genuine Red Flag Linux desktop operating system in their computers under the authorization of Zhongke Hongqi Software Technology Co., Ltd. On September 18 this year, Sun Company held a user conference in San Francisco and released a powerful Linux desktop computer. In 200 1 year, IBM invested 1 billion dollars in the research and development of Linux products. It is reported that the German government has reached a cooperation agreement with IBM, which provides consulting and services to promote the use of Linux operating system to replace the original operating software in German government agencies. According to IDC's forecast, from 200/kloc-0 to 2006, the average annual growth rate of Japanese OS package software market was 3. 1%, among which the average annual growth rate of Linux reached 25.3%. In less than three years in Korea, Linux has formed a market scale of 1000 billion won.
(1) Linux operating system, especially domestic Linux, has good security.
Because the source code of Linux operating system is open, it can effectively solve the security risks caused by the inability to understand and control the operating system kernel. The Linux operating system independently developed by China has no subjective motivation to endanger national security.
(2) Linux operating system has strong scalability and compatibility.
Because of the openness of Linux software source code, it has attracted the attention of global software elites. Through continuous research and modification, its performance has been rapidly improved. Some countries in the world give support and encouragement to Linux for the sake of developing independent software industry and maintaining information security. At present, the maturity and usability of application software based on Linux are constantly improving.
(3) The domestic Linux operating system is cost-effective.
From the economic point of view, the application based on domestic Linux operating system can greatly save the system construction cost. China is still a developing country, and its economy is not rich. Therefore, it is necessary to increase revenue and reduce expenditure, which is also an important factor that must be considered in the construction of various information projects. In particular, e-government, enterprise informatization and education informatization involve a wide range. It is an important principle to introduce new application modes in combination with national conditions and insist on doing more with less money.
(D) Linux will create a more relaxed development environment for China's software industry.
For a long time, due to the lack of mastering key core technologies and independent operating systems, China's software industry has been in a passive position in its development, and the technical grade and industrial scale of products have not been improved. The emergence of Linux provides an open, open and fair software platform for all enterprises. The software developed on Linux will no longer be controlled by people, which makes it possible for us to make a breakthrough and achieve sustained and rapid development.
Linux software and its development status
Linux entered China on 1998, and the Ministry of Information Industry attached great importance to it. On July 1999, a large-scale seminar on "Linux and China Software Industry" was held in the name of the Ministry, which attracted many experts, scholars and IT entrepreneurs. After careful and in-depth discussion, our department started the Linux software research and development and industrialization project in time. In the past four years, our department has arranged research and development projects related to Linux in the electronic information industry development fund every year, which has enabled Linux to develop rapidly in China, and a number of Linux software such as Zhongke Hongqi Linux, China Soft Linux, Yongzhong Office and Red Office have emerged. At present, the scale of domestic Linux software has exceeded 1 100 million yuan. What's more worth mentioning is that Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission and other relevant government departments in Beijing attach great importance to the research and development of Linux technology and related products. In February, 20001year, when Beijing municipal government purchased genuine software, Linux was first used as one of the software platforms for government office automation. In addition, a large number of influential projects such as e-government construction in Nanhai City, Guangdong Province, Zhongguancun Science Park Project, online examination and approval system project of Beijing Science and Technology Commission, office automation project of the Ministry of Science and Technology, and informatization project of national key enterprises recently supported by the State Economic and Trade Commission have all adopted Linux desktop operating system.
Strategic Suggestions on Developing Linux
The 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward that the most fundamental thing to build a well-off society in an all-round way and accelerate socialist modernization is to persist in taking economic construction as the center and constantly liberate and develop social productive forces. The main tasks of economic construction and reform in the first two decades of this century are to improve the socialist market economic system, promote the strategic adjustment of economic structure, basically realize industrialization, vigorously promote informationization, speed up modernization, maintain the sustained, rapid and healthy development of the national economy, and continuously improve people's living standards.
China must take the road of new industrialization and vigorously implement the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education and the strategy of sustainable development. Realizing industrialization is still an arduous historical task in the process of China's modernization. Informatization is the inevitable choice for China to accelerate industrialization and modernization. Insist on promoting industrialization with informationization and promoting informationization with industrialization; It is particularly important to vigorously promote the application of information technology in order to embark on a new road of industrialization with high scientific and technological content, good economic benefits, low resource consumption, less environmental pollution and full play to the advantages of human resources.
The 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly put forward that the industrial structure should be optimized and upgraded to form an industrial structure with high-tech industries as the guide, basic industries and manufacturing industries as the support, and the service industry developed in an all-round way. Give priority to the development of information industry and widely apply information technology in the economic and social fields. Actively develop high-tech industries that have a breakthrough and a major driving role in economic growth. Transform traditional industries with high-tech and advanced applicable technologies and vigorously revitalize the equipment manufacturing industry. Continue to strengthen infrastructure construction, accelerate the development of modern service industry, and increase the proportion of tertiary industry in the national economy. Correctly handle the relationship between developing high-tech industries and traditional industries, capital-technology-intensive industries and labor-intensive industries, and virtual economy and real economy.
To take the road of new industrialization, we must give full play to the important role of science and technology as the primary productive force, improve the quality and efficiency of economic growth, promote key technological innovation and system integration, and realize technological leap-forward development. Encourage scientific and technological innovation, master core technologies in key fields, and own a number of independent intellectual property rights. Accelerate the transformation of scientific and technological achievements into real productive forces. Improve the intellectual property protection system.
(a) the full implementation of the State Council 18 document, promote the development of software industry.
In 2000, the State Council issued document 18 to encourage the development of software and integrated circuit industry. In 2002, in order to implement the preferential policies to support the development of software industry issued in the State Council 18, our Ministry and the Ministry of Science and Technology respectively reported the relevant suggestions and measures of the State Council. On the basis of a lot of work done by two ministries, the State Council Information Office and nine ministries took joint actions to promote the development of China's software industry, and jointly drafted the Software Action Outline, which was approved by the State Council. This will further promote the implementation of document 18 and promote the development of China's software industry.
(2) Taking the development and industrialization of Linux software as a breakthrough, develop the core basic software of independent security.
With the development of national economy and social informatization, we deeply feel that the lack of core technology and independent operating system has seriously restricted the development of China's software industry, and will also affect the development of national economy and social progress. This contradiction has become increasingly prominent. In order to develop advanced productive forces, safeguard China's economic interests, safeguard national information security, and grasp the initiative of China's software industry development, it is imperative to accelerate the development of Linux.
Operating system is the key core technology of software, which must be broken through. It is an important strategy for the development of software industry in China to gradually own its own core technology and intellectual property rights and form an independent software industry system in China. To develop Linux, we must first master the operating system, which is both the core and the platform. Because if you don't master the operating system, you can't master the initiative of software development; Secondly, we should seek truth from facts. We should start with embedded system, server and OS, and attach great importance to the development and market development of application software. Without supporting software, tool software and rich application software and solutions, the operating system will lose the soil for development. Therefore, we should not only pay attention to the research and development of Linux open platform, but also pay attention to the simultaneous development of various development tools and application software. We should also make great efforts to open applications to market demand, actively explore new application models, conduct local pilots, and play a demonstration role in demonstration projects. From point to area, it is widely promoted on the basis of successful pilot, and comprehensively promotes the development of Linux. Our department, together with the Ministry of Science and Technology and other relevant departments, will give full play to their respective advantages, perform their respective duties and work together to vigorously promote the industrialization of various application software with China characteristics based on the Linux open platform, accelerate the socialist modernization, and effectively promote the construction of e-government, e-commerce and enterprise informatization.
The development of Linux can't be done alone, and it needs to be combined with Lian Heng. We encourage software enterprises to unite and develop together according to market demand under the principle of mutual benefit. The cooperation between Beijing Municipal Government and IBM on Linux from June 5th, 2002 to October 9th, 2002/KLOC-0 is the embodiment of this development strategy.
(C) the key to promote the development of Linux lies in the application
265438+the first 20 years of the 20th century is an important period of strategic opportunities for China, which must be firmly grasped and can make great achievements. In the first 20 years of this century, we should concentrate on building a well-off society at a higher level in an all-round way, benefiting more than one billion people, so as to make the economy more developed, democracy more sound, science and education more advanced, culture more prosperous, society more harmonious and people's lives more affluent. On the basis of optimizing the structure and improving efficiency, we will strive to quadruple the gross domestic product by 2020, and our comprehensive national strength and international competitiveness will be significantly enhanced. Basically realize industrialization and establish a sound socialist market economic system and a more dynamic and open economic system. By the middle of this century, we will basically realize modernization and build our country into a prosperous, strong, democratic and civilized socialist country.
At present, China has given priority to promoting national economic and social informatization, and proposed to vigorously promote national economic and social informatization, promote industrialization with informatization, give full play to the advantages of backwardness, and realize the leap-forward development of social productive forces. The 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly pointed out that priority should be given to the development of information industry, and information technology is widely used in the economic and social fields. This is a strategic decision made by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on the basis of reviewing the trend of scientific and technological development and economic globalization and summarizing the practice of informatization development at home and abroad, facing the national development and national rejuvenation in the new century and new stage.
As we all know, the key to informatization lies in application, especially the wide application of information technology and network technology. In the implementation of the policy of promoting industrialization by informatization and promoting industrialization by informatization, we must unify our thinking and understanding, strengthen overall planning, organization and coordination, and make real progress. China's informatization construction is in the initial stage, so we should learn from the experience and practices of developed countries to speed up its own development. However, it must be noted that there is a big gap between China's economic structure, productivity level and national information awareness and developed countries, so we can't copy their models and blindly follow the trend. We should consider the actual situation at this stage, learn from each other's strengths and make use of them to explore a development path suitable for China's national conditions. Whether it is e-government or enterprise informatization, we must adhere to a scientific attitude, seek truth from facts, think rationally, start with basic work and make solid progress.
China is a developing country with a large population, and its economy is still not rich. Informatization construction must be based on the development of domestic industries and promote the development of information industry with independent intellectual property rights through the implementation of informatization projects. Information industry is the strategic forerunner and pillar industry of the country, and it is also the technical and material basis of national informatization and modernization. In order to ensure national sovereignty and economic security, we should advocate and encourage the use of domestic products in all administrative departments and important economic and infrastructure industries to ensure information security.
Nowadays, Linux has become a realistic choice for governments and commercial organizations in various countries, and there are no insurmountable difficulties in technology. China has also developed a practical embedded Linux operating system and application software products based on this platform, but the development is still slow. Compared with the world-leading OS, there is a big gap between the marketing and application development of Linux. At present, Linux has not been widely used, so it is difficult to be recognized by users, and it is not conducive to the modification, perfection and further improvement of products. In order to speed up the development of Linux software, we must cultivate, support and develop software products with a certain market scale for application in large industries. We must strongly encourage and guide users in these industries to carry out application pilots and organize the promotion of domestic Linux software. Give priority to the development of e-government, enterprise informatization, education and other related applications. All projects that use financial funds should take effective measures to guide users to use open source software products with high security and high cost performance on the premise that the technical level can meet the application requirements. Government departments should actively recommend the use of Linux operating system, introduce relevant incentive measures and application equipment policies, encourage the popularization and application of various applications based on Linux and other open source software, effectively improve the application level and set a good example.
(4) Several problems that should be paid attention to.
1. Actively promote the implementation of the government procurement law and the government procurement catalogue.
"People's Republic of China (PRC) Government Procurement Law" has been promulgated, which fully standardizes China's government procurement activities and further enhances its operability. In the future, administration should be carried out according to law, and the methods, procedures and contracts of government procurement should be implemented in accordance with the procurement law.
2. Insist on development and encourage competition.
The domestic open source software industry represented by Linux has just started, and its strength is still very weak. We will take a series of measures to vigorously support its development, including creating a good development environment for open source software manufacturers and implementing relevant preferential policies; Gradually establish a manufacturer qualification certification system to ensure the continuous improvement of open source software products and services; Establish a protection mechanism in line with WTO rules to resist the strong competition of multinational companies; In the software development fund, establish a special fund for Linux, and increase support for product research and development, application development and standard system construction; Strengthen publicity and public opinion guidance to create an atmosphere conducive to the development of Linux software; In the field of education, we suggest introducing Linux into academic education and vocational training system; In terms of resources, it is inclined to advantageous enterprises, avoiding redundant construction and distracting forces.
3. Unified standards and planning to ensure the interconnection between systems.
In order to better serve the country's informatization construction, relevant information technology standards and application specifications should be established as soon as possible, especially the operating system as an e-government platform, which must be planned as a whole to avoid the phenomenon of information islands. To break industry monopoly and prevent local protectionism, it is necessary to formulate and implement standards for products and services such as Linux to promote the formation of a unified and standardized information market in the country.
4. Strengthen communication and cooperation between ministries, complement each other's advantages and form a joint force.
Our Ministry will work closely with the Ministry of Science and Technology and other relevant state departments to coordinate actions, strengthen cooperation in technology research and development, industrial development, application development and marketing, and standard system construction, and form a "streamlined, unified and efficient" inter-ministerial cooperation mechanism to promote the development of Linux software industry.
The key to accelerate the development of Linux software is to popularize its application and vigorously promote the application of Linux software in government and enterprises. E-government and enterprise informatization, as the key tasks of China's informatization construction, not only have a ready-made market, but also have a driving and demonstration role for other industries and local applications. The government should take the lead in adopting Linux software, which will inevitably have a far-reaching impact on the development of the entire information industry.
5.Linux develops synchronously and harmoniously with other operating systems.
Emphasizing the importance of developing Linux software here today does not mean that we only develop Linux and give up other operating system platforms. As we all know, excellent software platforms developed abroad, such as Unix and Windows, have all gathered the essence of software technology. After long-term development and application, they have accumulated very rich application software and have a huge user base. They played an important role in the process of industrialization and modernization in China and now occupy an important position. We promote the development of Linux, aiming at introducing competition mechanism, creating a technical atmosphere of letting a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend, creating a more relaxed development environment, and finally providing users with more choices and protecting their interests more effectively.