1. Poems in praise of Mencius

There are 371 poems in the collection of poems in the past dynasties of Mengzilin Temple, which were recorded from the historical stone carvings in Mengzilin Tomb, Mengfu, Meng Mu Forest Tomb Temple, Meng Mu Sanqianchu, Duanjitang and Zisi Academy. Records of Three Movements of Confucius and Mencius in Chenghua in Ming Dynasty, Records of Three Movements in Jiajing, Records of Meng in Wanli, Records of Three Movements in Apocalypse, Records of Three Movements in Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty, Records of Three Movements in Guangxu, and Records of Zou County in previous dynasties.

The time limit for the collection of poems in this book began in the Han Dynasty and ended in the late Qing Dynasty. Within this time limit, all the poems about Mencius or Meng Mu and Zisi, who are closely related to Mencius, contained in the above-mentioned stone carvings and historical records will be collected by anyone who can see them.

when collecting relevant information, this book adheres to the principle of using original sources. Where there are both stone carvings and prints, stone carvings will be used, or if the stone carvings are destroyed and printed in multiple versions, the earliest version will be used.

The contents of this book include: paying a visit to Zou Guo Cemetery of Yasheng, paying a visit to Zou Guo's ancestral temple, praising the tablet of Mencius, praising the tablet of Zou Mencius by the right prime minister of Taishi, and paying a first visit to the poem of Yasheng Gong. Poems on Mencius Temple in Past Dynasties/china confucius foundation Library Download Public Comment Book Review Zou, the hometown of Mencius.

In the Spring and Autumn Period, it was called Zhuilou; in the Warring States Period, it was called Zouguo; in the Qin and Han Dynasties, it was located in Lixian County. Later known as Zouxian County, Zoucheng City is now located in its territory.

There are Mencius' forest tombs and temples, as well as Meng Mu's Three Movements, Duanji, Zisi's The Doctrine of the Mean, Zisi Academy, Zisi Temple and other ancient relics, sites and memorial buildings related to Mencius. For example, the mausoleum with a mound of hills, the temple covered with cypress trees and the site that has experienced vicissitudes of life are the holy places for people to mourn, pay homage and worship Mencius in past dynasties, and also the holy places for scholars to seek the roots of Confucianism.

When people come to pay their respects, pay homage and offer sacrifices to Mencius, they are always driven by an emotion. After mourning, paying homage and offering sacrifices, this emotion will be comforted and further sublimated, and even filled with emotion. Of course, this kind of emotional expression is the most elegant form.

"There are famous temples in the south of Zoucheng, with monuments and poems all over the floor." "The topic is half-poor, and it may be written in seven articles?" This is the praise and sigh of the worshippers for the many poems of the Mencius Temple.

However, the Mencius Temple was not established after Mencius died, but was founded by Daofu Kong, the 45th generation grandson of Confucius, in the 4th year of Jingyou in the Northern Song Dynasty (137). At that time, Mencius was once again admired by Mr. Sun Fu, Mr. Hu Yuan and Mr. Shi Jie, but it was not officially recognized.

It was not until the sixth year of Yuanfeng (183) that he was posthumously named Zou Guogong. Subsequently, the Meng Temple was moved from the side of the tomb of Mencius in Sijishan, which is more than 3 miles away from Zoucheng, to Dongguo in Zoucheng.

due to the low-lying terrain, it was easy to be flooded. In the third year of Xuanhe (1121), it was donated by Yishi Xu Jian and others, and moved from Dongguo, the county seat, to the left outside the south gate, which is the present address. Therefore, before the Northern Song Dynasty, there was no inscription on the Mencius Temple.

However, as early as the Western Han Dynasty, Meng Mu was praised. These praises, praising Meng Mu every day, were actually triggered by Mencius, and in praising Meng Mu, they also contained the praise for Mencius.

in the western Han dynasty, Liu Xiang said to "ode to Mencius" in "Biography of Lienv": "If you don't learn, you can't show it by breaking the machine. Zi Sui became a virtue, which is the crown of the world. "

Zuo Fen in the Western Jin Dynasty said in "Praise of Meng Mu": "Breaking the machine excites people, and the grave is widely used.

Congda knows the ceremony and tells the Holy Way. " This is the bud of poems about Meng.

The poems dedicated to Mencius in the Northern Song Dynasty did not exist in the Mencius Temple, but in the poetry collections of some scholars and politicians who respected Mencius. For example, Han Qi, who is as famous as Fan Zhongyan, wrote "Mencius Zan", which further affirmed Han Yu's praise of Mencius in the Tang Dynasty: "If you are alcohol, you will stop at Mencius."

"Compared with its great achievements, it is better to cover Yu." "After Confucius, there is only one person."

Wang Anshi, on the other hand, sang the seven verses: "You can't move your soul, but you can't move it. Why don't you think the world is too pedantic, so there are people who comfort loneliness. "

became Mencius' bosom friend after thousands of years. Although the Meng Temple was founded in the Northern Song Dynasty, there is still a process for people to accept it.

Before people could write poetry, Jurchen drove away Emperor Hui and Emperor Qin, and Zouxian became the territory of the Jin Dynasty. Because there is no human Tianjin, the Meng Temple is deserted.

"The first teacher established a religion to respect Ji Kong, and his land is a temple full of grass." This is; The lament left by Zhao Ding's visit to the temple.

worshippers quietly come to the temple, or engrave the inscription on the tablet, or hide it in a vase for the next day. Although there were few poems about Meng in the Jin Dynasty, the poems about Meng that remained in the temple of Meng began to be seen in this dynasty.

The Mongolian rulers in the Yuan Dynasty chased Confucius and Mencius to the highest titles, one was King Dacheng Zhisheng Wenxuan, and the other was Saint Zou Guoya. Even Mencius' parents were named "Duke of Guo" and "Mrs. Xuan Xian of Guo" respectively.

At this time, the Meng Temple was rebuilt and expanded, and the number of worshippers increased day by day. However, somehow, there are titles, and those who recite them are rare.

The few poems left are only at the end of the inscription. For example, Zhang Jing, a professor of the descendants of Confucius and Mencius, pleaded for Mencius in the Inscription of Mencius Temple: "Who will I give up if I want to be peaceful?" I'm comfortable with what I've met, and I don't care. Who knows I'm sad? " After Ming Taizu unified the country, although he worshiped Confucianism, he was greatly disgusted when he read the words of "earth interface" and "hatred" in Mencius. He not only ordered Liu Sanwu to write "Mencius Festival", deleted chapter 85 of Mencius, but also expelled Mencius from the Confucius Temple.

While Mencius was left out in the cold, the local officials in Zouxian county were still competing to rebuild the Temple of Mencius. Gui Meng, the first magistrate of a county, wrote after visiting the temple: "The old house is covered with moss and rain, and the pillow of the temple is ancient and wooden.

I suggest a cup of water to break the foundation, and I plan to make a small contribution. " .

Because the Mencius Temple is close to the ancient road, there are two post stations in Zouxian County, namely Zhucheng and Jiehe. The imperial officials passing by come to the Mencius Temple in an endless stream, and they praise Mencius heartily with the most beautiful poems. For example, the book "Song of Sacrifice to Mencius" is written by the scribe: "The rock on Mount Tai is matched with Yu Chao Xun, and the achievements are blazing.

to be a saint in the world is more mellow than its alcohol, and it respects benevolence and righteousness. Shaoyao Jishun, the Taoist preaches his body, and he doesn't fall ... "It is dedicated to the Lord's sacrifice of Meng Shi.

The poem written by Xue Shu in Hedong reads: "The ancient road of Zouguocong Temple is full of pine and cypress trees with pale smoke. Far from the Millennium worship in Queli, close to Xuanni's centenary biography ... "The carved stone is embedded in the temple wall.

Later, Wang Huashang, Shao Xian and others competed for their sense of rhyme and ambition. On the other hand, Chen Zhu and Li Wei, the censors, respectively "invented the naming meaning of Mencius" by using the five-character ancient style with the same rhyme.

There are many people chanting the same topic, and it is not uncommon for one person to chant more than one topic. For example, Lu Yingtian, a post-official scholar in Dongguan, paid three chapters to the self-warning poems at the back of the temple, while Bing Xu, a native of Tingshan, wrote six poems with five-character ancient style and seven-line poems on the topics of the Temple of Meng, the Forest of Meng and the Temple of Mengmu respectively, which was the inheritance of Yangming studies. 2. People's comments on Zhuangzi, Mencius, Laozi, Sima Qian and so on (the famous < P > Confucius once described himself when he was 62 years old: "When he was angry, he forgot his worries, and he didn't know that his old age was coming."

At that time, Confucius had led his disciples around the world for nine years, and went through hardships. Not only did he not get the appointment of governors, but he almost died. However, Confucius was not discouraged, still optimistic, stuck to his ideals, and even knew that he could not do it. Confucius said, "Being unjust and rich and expensive is like a cloud to me". In Confucius' mind, doing justice is the highest value of life. When there is a contradiction between the rich and the poor and morality, he would rather be poor than give up morality.

However, his happiness in poverty can't be regarded as not seeking wealth, but just seeking to maintain morality, which is not in line with historical facts. Confucius once said: "Rich and expensive, people want what they want; If you don't take the road, you won't get anywhere.

poverty and meanness are evil for people; If you don't take the road, you won't go. " "Rich and available, although the whip, I also do it.

If you can't get it, please do what I want. " Confucius is known for his eagerness to learn and his keen interest in all kinds of knowledge, so he was versatile and knowledgeable. At that time, he was famous and almost regarded as an omniscient saint, but Confucius himself didn't think so. Confucius said, "I can't learn if I am saint, and I never tire of learning, but I never tire of teaching."

Confucius learned to be a teacher. Whoever has knowledge and what he doesn't know, he worships him as a teacher. Therefore, he said, "In a threesome, there must be a teacher." Confucius was upright in nature and advocated going straight. He once said, "I am to others, and whoever destroys my reputation?" If you have a reputation, you have to try.

Simin is also the reason why the three generations went straight. " "Historical Records" recorded that Confucius had asked Lao Tzu to be polite when he was in his thirties. When he left, Lao Tzu gave a message: "Smart and thorough, close to the dead, and good at discussing people.

if you argue, those who endanger your health will also cause others to be evil. Those who are sons should not have their own, and those who are ministers should not have their own. "

This is Lao Zi's kind reminder to Confucius, and it also points out some shortcomings of Confucius, that is, he looks at the problem too deeply and speaks too sharply, hurting some people in position and bringing great danger to himself. Being kind to others Confucius founded the moral theory with benevolence as the core. He is also a very kind person, compassionate, helpful, sincere and generous.

"Don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you", "A gentleman's adult beauty is not an adult's evil", and "Bowing to others but blaming others lightly" are all his life principles. [Edit this paragraph] The idea of ruling the country by virtue in political thought is linked with Confucius' theory of benevolence and propriety. In the general plan of governing the country, he advocates "governing the country by virtue", and governing the country with morality and ethics is the noblest way to govern the country.

this strategy of governing the country is also called "rule by virtue" or "rule by courtesy". In fact, this strategy has broken the traditional credo that courtesy is no less than Shu Ren's, and has broken an original important boundary between the nobility and the common people.

Confucius' theory of benevolence embodies the spirit of humanity, while Confucius' theory of ceremony embodies the spirit of ritual system, that is, order and system in the modern sense. Humanism is the eternal theme of mankind, which is applicable to any society, any era and any government, while order and institutional society are the basic requirements for establishing a civilized human society.

this humanitarianism and order spirit of Confucius is the essence of China's ancient social and political thought. [Editor's paragraph] Modern development The new development of Confucius' theory in modern times refers to the neo-Confucianism produced under the condition of collision and blending of Chinese and western civilizations after modern western civilization was imported into China.

The emerging "popular Confucianism" is the highest achievement of the development of contemporary neo-Confucianism. Confucian Congress: It is a great pleasure to have friends from afar, Confucius, a cultural saint who "respected the heavens and the earth, penetrated the ancient and modern times, deleted the six classics, and mourned the constitution forever"; Confucianism is a value concept and ideological system based on the theory of Confucius and the theory of Confucian masters in previous dynasties.

A few days ago, in Qufu, Shandong Province, the hometown of Confucius, the first World Congress of Confucianism, jointly sponsored by the Ministry of Culture and the People's Government of Shandong Province, was held grandly. It is an international cultural forum and a high-standard academic event, and its convening is a great event in the world of Confucianism.

Xu Jialu, former vice chairman of the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC), Zhou Heping, vice minister of culture, Masayoshi Takemura, former Japanese Chief Cabinet Secretary, and 172 experts, scholars and people from all walks of life from 86 Confucian research institutions in 22 countries and regions, including China, Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan Province, as well as South Korea, Singapore, Malaysia, the United States, France, Britain, Belgium, Denmark and Australia. These experts, scholars and people from all walks of life from different countries, nationalities and cultures have conducted in-depth discussions and extensive dialogues on topics such as the historical research of Confucianism, its contemporary value, its modern interpretation, its worldwide spread, Confucianism and harmonious culture.

Once upon a time, the opening ceremony of the 29th Olympic Games in Beijing vividly displayed the splendid 5,-year Chinese civilization in front of the whole world. People of insight pointed out that its main line is the essence of Confucianism, that is, "being happy and good at learning, respecting the middle and valuing harmony".

28 actors sang "It's a pleasure to have friends from afar"; In the sound of guqin, Confucius disciples dressed in ancient robes and holding bamboo slips read the Analects of Confucius in unison: "All men are brothers within the four seas", "Three people must learn from each other" and "Harmony is precious". The 887 movable type printing plates transformed the word "He" in three different fonts, expressing the Chinese humanistic concept of "Harmony without difference" and "Harmony is precious". The excellent Chinese traditional culture represented by Confucianism is further spread on five continents, and the "Confucius fever" and "Confucianism fever" are more "paid to help the fire spread".

Zhou Heping said that in the long river of history, Confucianism not only maintained its spirit of kindness and harmony, but also bore the cultural imprint of different times. It grew and expanded with an open attitude and made important contributions to the continuation of the world civilization. At the first World Congress of Confucianism, Confucianism in the new century once again issued a voice of the times that conforms to historical development and human interests.

Confucianism: the medicine for saving the world in today's society. There is no doubt that there are various problems in today's society. The ecological crisis, spiritual crisis, moral crisis and value crisis are profoundly affecting the healthy development of human society, and the fate of mankind and the fate of the earth is once again severely challenged. Professor Fu Yongju, president of the Confucius Institute, pointed out that the resources of Confucianism can provide valuable wisdom for the treatment and resolution of these problems.

Dr. Montenegro of Slovakia said that in order to create a "no". 3. How to comment on Mencius' famous saying

Mencius (372-289 BC) was a native of Lu and Han nationality in the Warring States Period. Name, the word ziyu, and the word ziche and ziju. Father's name is excited, and mother's name is Zou. Mencius' distant ancestor was Meng Sun Shi, an aristocrat from Lu, who moved from Lu to Zou. Mencius lost his father at the age of three, and Meng Mu raised him hard. Meng Mu kept him under strict control. His stories of "Meng Mu's three moves" and "Meng Mu's broken weaving" have become beautiful stories throughout the ages, and they are models of maternal education in later generations. Born in the fourth year of King Lie of Zhou, he died in the twenty-sixth year of Zhou Nanwang. He was a great thinker and educator in ancient China. One of the representatives of Confucianism in the Warring States period. He is the author of "Mencius", which belongs to a collection of prose in recorded style. The book Mencius is a compilation of Mencius' speeches, which was written by Mencius and his disciple * *, and recorded Mencius' language, political views (benevolent politics, universal love, non-aggression, advocating peace and opposing war) and political actions. Mencius studied under Kong Ji (the grandson of Confucius is generally a student who studied under Kong Ji), inherited and developed Confucius' thoughts, and became a Confucian master next to Confucius, known as the "sage of Asia" and also known as "Confucius and Mencius" with Confucius. Mencius once imitated Confucius and led his disciples to lobby countries. But it was not accepted by all countries at that time, and he retired to write books with his disciples. There are seven pieces of Mencius handed down from generation to generation: "Liang Huiwang" up and down; "Gongsun Ugly" up and down; "Teng Wengong" up and down; Li Lou; "Zhang Wan" up and down; "Gaozi" up and down; Up and down with all my heart. The starting point of his theory is the theory of good nature, which puts forward "benevolent governance" and "kingly governance" and advocates rule by virtue. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhu Xi called Mencius, The Analects of Confucius, Daxue and The Doctrine of the Mean "Four Books". From then until the end of the Qing Dynasty, the "Four Books" had been a compulsory part of the imperial examination. Mencius' article is eloquent, full of momentum and good at argument. Mencius put forward the theory of goodness in human nature. Attention is the goodness of human nature, not the goodness of human nature.