A: 1. They long for a free life of self-sufficiency.
2. The ancient agricultural economy in China was characterized by one household, men plowing and women weaving, and self-sufficiency.
This lesson evaluates China's ancient agriculture and tries to summarize the basic characteristics of China's ancient agricultural economy.
A: 1. From the time point of view, China's agriculture originated early, developed independently and formed its own system. Agricultural technology is in a leading position in the world. 2. In terms of agricultural technology, China agriculture emphasizes intensive cultivation. The continuous improvement of production tools and farming methods has promoted the development of agriculture. 3. In terms of farming methods, agriculture in China takes one household as a unit. Self-sufficiency is the basic mode of agricultural production in China.
Learning extension
Would you please talk about the advantages and disadvantages of developing these "marginal areas"? What impact did it have on the social and economic life at that time and today? What lessons should we learn today?
The answer shows that the development of marginal land is due to the rapid increase of population. Under the condition of low level of agricultural science and technology development, in order to feed such a huge population, only reclamation can be adopted. Reclamation leads to soil erosion and environmental deterioration. Today, on the one hand, we should control population growth, on the other hand, we should improve the scientific and technological level of agricultural development.
Lesson 2 Progress of Ancient Handicraft Industry (Reference Answer)
A: Its basic feature is the capitalist employment relationship of "machine users contribute and machine workers contribute".
What are the characteristics of the development of ancient handicrafts in China? For example.
A: First, the government-run handicraft industry is developed, with abundant funds, superb technology and exquisite products. For example, a large number of exquisite bronzes have been unearthed in China, which shows that I have been ahead of the world in metallurgical industry for a long time. Second, folk handicrafts are difficult to operate but have developed. For example, in the Yuan Dynasty, Huang Daopo promoted advanced cotton textile technology, and in the middle and late Ming Dynasty, some handicraft departments in the south of the Yangtze River appeared the seeds of capitalism. 3. China's ancient handicraft industry has been leading the world for a long time, and its products have been exported to many countries in Asia, Africa and Europe, and received wide acclaim. For example, the "Silk Road" opened in the Western Han Dynasty made China's silk and porcelain spread to the west and became very popular.
Lesson 3 The Development of Ancient Commerce (Reference Answer)
A window for learning and thinking.
What impact does the appearance of counter shops and flying money have on the development of business?
A: The counter specializes in the deposit and loan business of currency, which is the earliest embryonic form of banks in China. It serves long-distance and commodity transactions, and it is also convenient for businessmen to raise funds. Flying money is similar to the draft of later generations. After its appearance, business travelers don't need to carry coins or transport taxes over long distances. In a word, the appearance of counter shops and flying banknotes makes business exchanges between places more convenient and fast, which is conducive to business prosperity.
Evaluation in this lesson
What are the characteristics of the development of ancient commerce in China?
Answer the prompt:
First of all, China's commerce rose earlier. The ancient commerce in China developed and prospered under the suppression of the government's policy of emphasizing agriculture and restraining commerce.
Second, during the Sui and Tang Dynasties, there appeared counters similar to banks and flying money similar to bills of exchange in China, and paper money appeared in the Song Dynasty;
Third, before the Song Dynasty, commerce was controlled by the government, and after the Song Dynasty, urban commerce flourished.
Fourth, the Song and Yuan Dynasties witnessed unprecedented prosperity, and domestic and foreign trade was fully prosperous.
5. China's ancient foreign trade was dominated by tribute trade, which was often "favoring one over the other" and "doubling the price". Its purpose is not to obtain the greatest economic benefits, but to enhance the prestige of the country, strengthen ties with overseas countries, and meet the needs of rulers for exotic treasures and specialties.
6. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, China's foreign trade gradually shrank because of the rulers' policy of "banning the sea" and "closing the country to the outside world".
Learning extension
What does Gu think is the reason for the prosperity of Huizhou merchants? Do you agree with him? Please tell me your opinion.
A: Gu believes that Huizhou merchants are developed for the following reasons: First, Huizhou people have a tradition of doing business. Adult men go out to do business soon after marriage, and some people don't go back for decades. Second, Huizhou people are United and pay attention to helping each other. A big businessman can get help from many fellow villagers. In the process of helping, these fellow villagers also learned the skills of doing business. Third, Huizhou people still advocate frugality, not luxury.
Agree with him. Because Gu's point of view accords with the reality of Huizhou merchants, and it is also a true portrayal of Huizhou merchants in primitive accumulation of capital period.
Lesson 4 Ancient Economic Policy (Reference Answer)
A window for learning and thinking.
1. Considering the historical facts, what role did these specific measures play in the development of Qin State?
A: Role: to protect the agricultural production of Qin State, enhance national strength, and maintain and consolidate the feudal system.
Please talk about your views on implementing the policy of emphasizing agriculture and restraining business.
A: Establish a feudal system through Shang Yang's political reform; B: attaching importance to agriculture and restraining commerce is conducive to ensuring agricultural production and small-scale peasant economy, consolidating feudal land ownership and promoting feudal economic development; C: ensure the collection of taxes and land rent and consolidate feudal rule; D: Restricting dajia, a wealthy businessman, is conducive to stabilizing the feudal economy and safeguarding national unity.
Assessment in this lesson:
Why did the feudal rulers adopt the policy of "emphasizing agriculture and restraining commerce"? How did this policy affect the social economy of China?
A: Reasons: A. Agriculture was the core of feudal economy, and the Warring States period was the period when feudal system was established. Commercial development and agriculture compete for labor force, which affects the development of agriculture; B, dajia, a wealthy businessman, manipulated market prices, which was not conducive to the development of feudal economy and the consolidation of feudal system, and affected social progress.
Impact: a, the policy of "emphasizing agriculture and restraining commerce" ensured the development of agriculture and promoted the development of feudal economy; B, the late feudal society destroyed the normal business operation, hindered the germination of capitalism and economic development, and violated the trend of historical development, resulting in the backwardness of China in the late feudal society.
Learning expansion:
Scholars at home and abroad have long debated the reasons for the slow development of capitalism in China. Which of the above views do you think is more reasonable? Why?
A: I think the third view is more reasonable. Reason: The self-development and adjustment of China feudal system in Ming and Qing Dynasties was the main reason for the slow development of capitalism in China.
A, politically, the Ming dynasty abolished the prime minister, set up a cabinet, and the Qing dynasty set up a Ministry of War, all of which were directly subordinate to the emperor. China's autocratic and centralized political system reached its peak. Industrialists and businessmen who have acquired certain wealth cannot realize their demands for political power.
B. Economically, the Ming and Qing Dynasties continued the policy of "emphasizing agriculture and restraining commerce", implementing a monopoly policy on certain commodities and imposing heavy taxes on commerce; At the same time, the two dynasties strictly restricted international commercial trade and implemented the policy of "sea ban" and "closed door", which restrained the primitive accumulation of capital and kept the embryonic development of capitalism in China from getting rid of the shackles of capitalism.
Lesson 5 Opening up New Routes (Reference Answer)
A window for learning and thinking.
1. Read the schematic diagram of the new route. What do you think the opening of the new air route may bring to the world first?
Key to solving the problem: when reading the question, pay attention to the prompt information of the topic "read the schematic diagram of the development of the new route" and "first", and construct the answer according to the requirements.
Thinking guidance: read the schematic diagram carefully according to the requirements of the topic to find effective information. Through different navigation routes, we can clearly see the connection between Western Europe and other continents.
A: First of all, Europeans have discovered many places that they didn't know before, ended the relative isolation of all parts of the world, and different human civilizations began to blend and meet, and human beings began to become more and more closely linked as a whole.
2. How to evaluate these navigators?
The key to solving the problem: the evaluation of characters should be based on their main activities and contributions to history. At the same time, we should pay attention to the dialectical, objective and comprehensive principles and analyze and evaluate the characters in the historical environment.
Thinking guidance: first, thinking from the perspective of the subjective purpose and objective influence of navigator's exploration; Secondly, the achievements of navigators are different, but their exploration has strengthened the connection between the world and made great contributions to mankind; At the same time, in order to meet the needs of capitalist development, they plundered wealth, resulting in local poverty and backwardness.
Answer prompt: 1. The purpose of their exploration is for money and wealth. They are brave and determined, overcoming difficulties unimaginable to ordinary people, and their feats have made great contributions to mankind, breaking the isolation and isolation of continents and gradually making the world a whole; But at the same time, in order to get gold and silver, they killed, plundered and plundered by any means, which brought great disasters to the people in the colonized areas.
A summary of research-based learning
Evaluation in this lesson
What is the significance of the opening of the new air route to the formation of the capitalist world market?
A: 1. The opening of new air routes has promoted the emergence of the embryonic form of the world market centered on Western Europe.
2. European businessmen began to establish direct business ties with all parts of the world. They brought tea, silk, porcelain and spices from Asia, ivory gold from Africa, gold, silver, corn and tobacco from America back to Europe, and sold European handicrafts all over the world.
3. With this as the core, human civilization began to blend and converge and become increasingly integrated.
Learning extension
Compare Zheng He's voyage with that of Diaz and Columbus, and make an evaluation.
The key to solving the problem: as a comparison problem, we must first find the exact comparison item and draw a conclusion through comparison.
Thinking guidance: scale, frequency, number of people, tonnage, mileage, destination, nature, etc. Guide students to compare differences and analyze reasons, and dig deeper understanding through comparative analysis and rational thinking.
Answer the prompt:
In terms of scale, Zheng He's fleet has more than 200 large and small vessels. Maximum vessel length 15 1.8m and width 61.6m; The goods transported are silk, porcelain, tea, calico, iron and so on. At most, the entourage reached 27,800. And Columbus's fleet is about 3-17; The largest captain is 24.5 meters and 6 meters wide; The goods carried are livestock, farm tools, seeds and food; At most, the entourage is about 1000 people.
The purpose of Zheng He's voyage to the West is to enhance the prestige of the country, pretend to be a celestial country, and develop friendly relations with other countries. Columbus's voyage was to pursue gold and plunder wealth, which had the nature of primitive accumulation of capitalism.
Lesson 6 Colonial Expansion and World Market Expansion (Reference Answer)
A window for learning and thinking.
Marx said: "The discovery of gold and silver producing areas in America, the extinction, slavery and burial of indigenous people by mines, the beginning of conquest and plunder in East India, and Africa becoming a place for black people to hunt commercially: all these indicate the dawn of the capitalist production era." Please talk about your understanding of this sentence.
Answer prompt: 1. In the process of capitalist production development, early capital accumulation is an insurmountable key link. 2. The most powerful means of primitive accumulation of capital in Europe are overseas plunder and slave trade. 3. Western European colonialists made huge profits and completed the primitive accumulation of capital after all kinds of barbaric robbery in the colonies, which greatly promoted the development of capitalism in Western Europe.
A summary of research-based learning
Evaluation in this lesson
What are the consequences of colonial aggression in the Netherlands, Britain and other countries?
The key to solving the problem: the influence of colonial expansion
Thinking guidance: It had different influences on western European countries and colonies. It promoted the development of capitalism in western Europe, and the colonies in Asia, Africa and Latin America suffered greatly.
Answer prompt: 1. The colonial aggression of the Netherlands, Britain and other countries plundered local wealth, sold slaves and made huge profits. Colonial countries quickly accumulated a lot of wealth and transported it to Europe in the form of capital, which provided the primitive accumulation of capital for the development of capitalism in western Europe and made Europe develop and prosper, but all at the expense of the colonial people.
2. In America, the colonists carried out a cruel policy of genocide against the indigenous Indians, and the evil slave trade caused Africa to lose about 654.38 billion thin labor. Under the plunder of colonial robbers, Asian, African and Latin American countries lost their wealth, resources and labor, developed slowly, were poor and backward, and the distance between the eastern and western historical processes was greatly widened.
Learning extension
Talk about why the slave trade appeared in the nearly 400 years from 15 to 19 century.
Leading the way:15-19th century, the development of capitalism in western Europe was in the primitive accumulation of capital period, and the huge profits of slave trade stimulated it.
A: 1. 15 ~ 19 th century, the capitalist development in western Europe is in the primitive accumulation stage of capital. The way of overseas colonization is relatively simple and rude. In the process of American colonial aggression, on the one hand, western colonists developed agriculture in the United States, on the other hand, they carried out a large-scale genocide policy against Native Americans, resulting in a serious shortage of labor. 3. In addition, the productivity level of western European countries was not high at that time, and the profits from normal trade could not satisfy the desires of western European businessmen, while the slave trade could make huge profits, which was irresistible to western European businessmen; 4. At the same time, the behavior of slave traders was encouraged and supported by their own governments; In addition, after the opening of the new route, overseas navigation can be realized; Therefore, the slave trade became one of the most powerful means in primitive accumulation of capital, and Europe lasted for nearly 400 years. 5. However, when the western capitalist economy gradually transited from primitive accumulation of capital to free capitalism, the foreign colonial policies of capitalist countries changed accordingly, and the bourgeoisie was keen to turn overseas colonies including Africa into their investment places, raw materials producing areas and industrial products sales markets, and the slave trade gradually declined.
Lesson 7 The First Industrial Revolution (Reference Answer)
A window for learning and thinking.
What happened to the world market after the industrial revolution? Why?
A: Change: The world market has basically taken shape. B. Reason: 1. Politically, the European bourgeoisie accelerated colonial expansion; 2. Economically, the objective demand of large-scale machine production; 3. Great changes in social conditions and traffic conditions; 4. In terms of culture, the spread of advanced modes of production and advanced ideas.
A summary of research-based learning
Evaluation in this lesson
Think about what impact the industrial revolution has had. Why is it said that the industrial revolution has contributed to the basic formation of the world market?
The key to solving the problem: the influence of industrial revolution
A: Impact: ① The industrial revolution greatly improved social productive forces and brought mankind into the "age of steam"; Consolidate the ruling foundation of capitalist countries. (2) The industrial revolution has changed the mode of production of human beings, and the mass production of machines has replaced manual production, and the division of labor has been further refined. (3) The concentration of factories led to the emergence of industrialized cities, and the population flocked from rural areas to cities, which accelerated the process of urbanization. (4) Great changes have taken place in the social structure, and society is increasingly divided into two opposing classes: the industrial bourgeoisie and the proletariat. ⑤ Bourgeois in various countries actively carry out the liberal reform movement, spread the ideas of free operation, free competition and free trade, and develop free capitalism.
The reasons why the industrial revolution contributed to the final formation of the world market are as follows: ① The progress of transportation has facilitated exchanges around the world.
The European bourgeoisie accelerated the pace of colonial expansion and aggression, and the countries in the world became more closely linked, which changed the face of the world. Industrial civilization has gradually become the dominant factor in the world.
Learning extension
Engels compared the British Industrial Revolution with the French Revolution. How to understand it?
Answer prompt: 1. The British Industrial Revolution, like the French Revolution, had a huge social impact, which essentially changed people's living conditions and lifestyles. 2. The British industrial revolution began to change from the economic field, which was a gradual process; The French Revolution began to change from a political point of view, which was a baptism of thought and a social revolution.
Engels' keen grasp of the essential characteristics of things is an example for us to learn.
Lesson 8 The Second Industrial Revolution (Reference Answer)
A window for learning and thinking.
Views on a conversation of German Foreign Minister.
The key to solve the problem is to understand the historical background of the German foreign minister's talk (the second industrial revolution triggered a frenzy of world division by the great powers. Germany started late and occupied few colonies, but its strength came from behind. It is generally believed that this is the reason why Germany launched the First World War. )
A: This passage reflects Germany's request to join the ranks of dividing up the world. On the one hand, this is the objective requirement of monopoly enterprises to develop economy after the second industrial revolution, on the other hand, it is also related to the trend of dividing up the world set off by developed countries at that time. On the one hand, we should see the positive factors in the formation of the global system of world capitalism, and also realize the disasters and humiliation faced by underdeveloped areas in this process.
A summary of research-based learning
Evaluation in this lesson
What are the similarities and differences between the second industrial revolution and the first industrial revolution?
The key to solving the problem: a comparison between the two industrial revolutions
Thinking guidance: profound changes in production relations; Degree of integration with science and technology; Industrial structure; Breadth and depth.
Answer: a similarity: 1. Both industrial revolutions have changed people's production methods, and machine production has been widely used.
2. The two industrial revolutions were essentially the application of new energy, new materials and new technologies, which promoted the rapid development of productive forces. 3. Both industrial revolutions have brought about profound changes in production relations: the first industrial revolution established a modern factory system, and the second industrial revolution established a company system and a monopoly system. 4. Both industrial revolutions have promoted the urbanization process of human beings.
B difference: 1, the first industrial revolution was marked by the invention and application of the steam engine; The second industrial revolution was marked by electricity, motors and internal combustion engines; 2. The first industrial revolution was mainly confined to the field of light industry, represented by the textile industry; The second industrial revolution focused on the development of heavy industry sector; Representative industries are emerging industries based on science and technology, such as electric power, motor manufacturing, steel, automobile and chemical industry.
3. The first industrial revolution first occurred in Britain, limited to a few countries, lasting for a long time and making slow progress; The second industrial revolution was launched in Europe and America almost at the same time, with quick results; 4. The first industrial revolution ushered in the "textile age" and "age of steam", and the second industrial revolution ushered in the "electrical age" and "steel age".
Learning extension
/kloc-In the late 20th century, it was fashionable for wealthy British people to visit the Thames in London by boat. There are many huge steamboats in the river, and choking smoke is coming out. The sewage discharged from the onshore factories has made the river turbid. Please express your feelings in words and pictures.
The key to solving the problem: the influence of the second industrial revolution on the mode of production, lifestyle and natural environment
How to solve the contradiction between developing production and protecting the environment?
Answer prompt: 1. /kloc-in the late 20th century, the social economy changed greatly under the impetus of the second industrial revolution, and the formation of "fashion" was related to people's appreciation of this change. Second, people are intoxicated with the development of urbanization and the high speed brought by large-scale machine production, but people just ignore that social progress at that time occurred at the same time as environmental deterioration. Today, we draw the concept of sustainable development from historical development, which is a summary of historical experience. Now, the development of productive forces can no longer be at the expense of the environment. Economic development should go hand in hand with environmental protection and take the road of "sustainable development".
Lesson 9 Changes in the Economic Structure of Modern China (Reference Answer)
A window for learning and thinking.
Do you think Zheng's criticism is reasonable? Why?
Thinking guidance: thinking according to the development process of materials related to Westernization Movement.
Key point: (1) makes sense. (2) Reasons: ① Zheng realized that the relationship between "body" at the level of social system and "use" at the level of science and technology is not equivalent. (2) Zheng Guanying should realize that the backwardness of China at that time was basically the backwardness of the social system, not just the backwardness of science and technology. (3) Based on the above understanding, Zheng's criticism on the use of the remnants of the Westernization Movement has strong pertinence and persuasiveness, reflecting that some people's understanding of the reasons for China's backwardness has reached a new level.
A summary of research-based learning
Evaluation in this lesson
From11940s to 1970s, what changes have taken place in the social and economic structure of China? What is the reason for the change?
Thinking guidance: first, make clear the concept of time (65438+ 1940- 1970), summarize the historical facts of economic structure changes, and then analyze the reasons from internal and external factors.
Key points: (1) Changes in economic structure: ① After the Opium War, with the influx of foreign goods, China's natural economy began to collapse. ② Westernization Movement introduced advanced western science and technology and production methods, and modern enterprises in China were born. ③65438+ 1960s and 1970s, Chinese national capitalism came into being.
(2) Reasons for change: ① After the Opium War, China was involved in the world capitalist economic system, and the impact of foreign capitalist productive forces was the main reason for the disintegration of China's natural economy. (2) A large number of agricultural and sideline products such as silk and tea were exported from China, which objectively promoted the development of commodity economy in China, but also disintegrated the natural economy of China society. ③ In the Westernization Movement, the first batch of modern enterprises appeared in China, which also played a certain role in promoting the disintegration of the feudal economy in China. ④65438+ 1960s and 1970s, during the disintegration of feudal economy, Chinese national capitalism was born and capitalist mode of production appeared in China.
Learning extension
What influence did the Westernization Movement have on the national industry?
Guiding thinking: analyze the positive and negative effects of Westernization Movement on national industry.
Key points of the answer: (1) Positive impact: ① The establishment of the first batch of modern enterprises in China has played a certain role in disintegrating the national natural economy and promoting the birth and development of China's national industries. (2) Three navies were established, which enhanced the combat capability of the army, and a modern navy appeared in China. (3) China established a number of new schools and sent overseas students to study abroad, which initiated modern education and played an important role in changing China people's educational concept and broadening their horizons. ④ Some advanced western technologies were introduced, and a number of scientific and technological talents were trained, which objectively stimulated the emergence and development of China's national industries. ⑤ The development of modern enterprises in the Westernization Movement objectively resisted the invasion of foreign economy, and at the same time accumulated valuable experience in the struggle against foreign capitalism, which is very important for the development of national industries.
(2) Negative effects: ① The Westernization Movement, as a self-help movement of the enlightened class of the feudal landlord class, determined its negative effects on national industries. (2) The strong feudalism of the Westernization Movement and the capitalist nature represented by the national industry determined the struggle between them, highlighting the suppression of the national industry by the feudal landlord class and the anti-suppression struggle of the national bourgeoisie. (3) Modern enterprises established in the Westernization Movement in semi-colonial and semi-feudal society have induced and promoted the national industry, which determines its dependence and weakness. In a word, the Westernization Movement has a comprehensive and far-reaching impact on national industries.
Lesson 10 The tortuous development of Chinese national capitalism (refer to the answer)
A window for learning and thinking.
Why did Zhang Jian's enterprise develop rapidly during the First World War and then declined rapidly in the mid-1920s?
The key to solving the problem is to grasp the background of two time periods (during World War I and the mid-1920s).
Key points of the answer: (1) Reasons for rapid development: ① The establishment of the Republic of China and the emergence of various industrial groups greatly stimulated the enthusiasm of the national bourgeoisie for investing in modern enterprises, creating a good atmosphere for the rapid development of Zhang Jian's enterprises during World War I; ② 19 15 China launched a mass movement to boycott Japanese goods and promote domestic products, which helped Zhang Jian. (3) After the outbreak of World War I, the European powers were busy with the war and temporarily relaxed their economic aggression and control over China, which provided a rare external environment for the development of Zhang Jian's enterprises.
(2) Reasons for its rapid decline: ① After World War I, European powers made a comeback and increased their economic aggression against China. (2) The further development of China's national industry was rejected and suppressed by feudalism and bureaucratic capital.
A summary of research-based learning
Evaluation in this lesson
During the Republic of China, what kind of tortuous course did the development of national economy go through?
Key to solving problems: Republic of China (1912 ~1949); The reasons and characteristics of the four stages of development.
Guided by ideas: there was a short spring during World War I; In the first ten years of the national government's rule, the national economy developed significantly. Shrinking day by day during the Anti-Japanese War; At the end of the Republic of China, it was desperate.
Key points: During the Republic of China, the development of national economy was difficult and tortuous. (1)1912 ~19, because the revolution of 1911 swept away some obstacles to the development of capitalism; Promote the anti-imperialist patriotic movement; Especially during World War I, the foreign powers temporarily relaxed their economic aggression against China, so the national industry appeared a short spring. But after World War I, European powers made a comeback, and spring was short and short. (2) 1927- 1936 During this period, the rapid development of national industries was due to some policies that were beneficial to economic development. National capital gradually occupies a dominant position in the gross national product. (3) During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, China's national industry suffered an unprecedented cruel blow. The brutal economic plunder of the Japanese army in the occupied areas and the oppression of bureaucratic capital in the Kuomintang-ruled areas have shrunk the national industry day by day. (4) At the end of the Republic of China, due to the intensification of American economic aggression, the bureaucratic capital squeezed and squeezed the national enterprises, and the national government continued to increase taxes and taxes, inflation soared, raw materials were expensive, products were unsalable, and national industries were in a desperate situation and closed down one after another.
Learning extension
After reading the above table, please tell us what the cotton textile industry in China has been like from 19 13 to 192 1, and analyze the reasons for this situation.
The key to solve the problem is to grasp two characteristics, namely, the characteristics of the times and the characteristics of the cotton textile industry.
Thinking guidance: contact the background of the times and think about the reasons.
Key points of the answer: (1)1913 ~1921,China's cotton textile industry shows a vigorous and rapid development trend.
(2) Reasons: ① The Revolution of 1911 cleared some obstacles for the development of cotton textile industry. (2) The policy of the Provisional Government of the Republic of China to encourage the development of industry has aroused the enthusiasm of the national bourgeoisie to invest in modern enterprises. Overseas Chinese are also competing to invest in domestic industry and commerce, which has also promoted the development of cotton textile industry. (3)1915 A mass movement to boycott Japanese goods and promote domestic products was launched in China, which won the market for the development of cotton textile industry. (4) The European powers were busy with World War I and temporarily relaxed their economic aggression against China, which provided a rare opportunity for the development of China's cotton textile industry.
Lesson 11 the development and twists and turns of economic construction (refer to the answer)
A window for learning and thinking.
What kind of mental outlook did people build at that time?
The key to solving the problem is to understand the specific historical background at that time and the urgent mood of people hoping to build socialism quickly at that time.
Introduction and analysis of the historical background of "Great Leap Forward" and people's commune in the process of recalling learning.
Answer prompt: At that time, under the social atmosphere that the whole country unanimously and urgently demanded to speed up the socialist industrialization, and excited by the impressive achievements made in the first five-year planned economy in the previous stage, people devoted themselves to large-scale economic construction with enthusiasm and selflessness, on the other hand, they were eager for success regardless of the cost.
A summary of research-based learning
Evaluation in this lesson
Looking at the course of China's economic construction in the 1950s and 1970s, what lessons can we learn from it?
The key to solving the problem is to know the specific place of economic work mistakes in this period and understand the root causes of the mistakes.
Thinking guidance: in the process of learning, I think back and think about the analysis of economic work mistakes and their roots, and think and summarize with my own understanding of these problems.
A: Summarizing the experience and lessons of the Great Leap Forward and the People's Commune, we can draw the following points: First, we should fully understand the national conditions; Second, the transformation of production relations must adapt to the development level of productive forces; Third, we should correctly handle the relationship between subjective initiative and objective reality; Fourth, the development of the national economy should be planned and carried out in proportion, so don't rush for success. The experience and lessons of the Cultural Revolution are summarized as follows: (1) We should correctly judge what are the main contradictions in domestic society; We should always regard economic construction as the focus of the party and government.
Learning extension
Find out and list the main construction projects in the first five-year plan. What are the characteristics in geographical distribution? Try to analyze the reasons.
The key to solving the problem: look at the picture and combine historical knowledge.
Thinking guidance: Being located in the northeast is determined by special geographical and historical reasons.
Distribution characteristics: the main industrial construction projects in the first five-year plan are basically distributed in the northeast.
The main reasons for this situation are: 1. First, the natural conditions in Northeast China are superior, industrial mineral resources are very rich, and railway transportation is very developed; 2. Secondly, an industrial base dominated by heavy industry has been formed in history. 3. In addition, since these projects were aided by the Soviet Union at that time, it is convenient for the northeast to be close to the Soviet Union.
(Note: Because there are too many words, you can't send them all at once. If you still need 1 1 to 24 classes, please contact me and I will send it to you again!
The user name of my Baidu library is hongchenguowan)