Nine wonders of the world 1. The Egyptian pyramids are tombs built by the ancient Egyptian kings themselves. The pyramids of Giza in Egypt are considered as one of the seven wonders of the ancient world. Most of the pyramids in Egypt were built in the third to sixth dynasties. Some pyramids with a history of more than 4,000 years are mainly distributed in the capital and Kyrgyzstan on the west bank of the upper reaches of the Nihe River. The left side of the Giza Pyramid belongs to King Kabra and the right side belongs to King Kuff, and there is a sphinx nearby. Building materials are mainly limestone, and some are flower rocks. Construction time: about 2700-2500 BC. Construction site: Giza Plateau near Cairo, Egypt. According to legend, before the third dynasty in ancient Egypt, both princes and ministers and ordinary people were buried in a rectangular tomb made of mud bricks, which the ancient Egyptians called "Mastaba". Later, a clever young man named Imhotep invented a new building method when designing a mausoleum for the Egyptian Pharaoh Zuosai. He replaced mud bricks with square stones picked from the ground, constantly revised the design scheme of building a mausoleum, and finally built a six-story trapezoidal pyramid-this is the prototype of the pyramid we see now. In ancient Egypt, pyramids were called hierarchical pyramids because they were trapezoidal and layered. This is a tall pyramid building with a square base and a triangle on each side, which looks like the Chinese character "gold", so we call it "pyramid". The tower mausoleum designed by Imhotep is the first stone mausoleum in Egyptian history. There are eighty pyramids in Egypt, the largest of which is the Pyramid of Giza, which was built around 2600 BC and all of them were artificially built. How did the ancient Egyptians carve and build tombs with stones? The passage inside the mausoleum and the office in the mausoleum room are like a mystery. How did the ancient Egyptians build it? 2. Construction time of the statue of Zeus: About In 457 Bc construction site: The temple of Zeus in the ancient city of Olympia on the west coast of Greece was built in 470 BC and completed in 456 BC, designed by architect Lieben, and the statue of Zeus was carved by sculptor Pheidias. 3. The colossus of Rhodes is the most mysterious of the seven wonders. This colossus was built at the entrance of Rhodes Harbor. It is a bronze statue of Helius, the Greek sun god, about 33 meters high. Because it was destroyed by an earthquake in 226 BC in just 56 years, archaeologists could not even determine its exact location and appearance. Construction time: completed in 282 BC. Construction site: Aegean Sea, the colossus of Rhodes Island in Greece is located in the port of Rhodes Island in Greece, leading to the Mediterranean Sea. Rhode Island in BC is an important commercial center, located at the junction of Aegean Sea and Mediterranean Sea. Port Rhodes was built in 408 BC. Historically, Rhode Island was ruled by many spheres of influence, including Mausolaris (whose tomb is also one of the Seven Wonders) and Alexander the Great. But after the death of Alexander the Great, the whole island was plunged into a long war. Macedonian aggressor Dmitry led 40,000 troops (more than the population of the whole island) to surround the port. After a hard war, Rhode Island defeated the invaders. To celebrate this victory, they decided to build a statue with bronze weapons abandoned by the enemy. This statue has been built for 12 years and is about 33 meters high, which is similar to the height of the Statue of Liberty in New York. The statue is hollow and reinforced with complex stones and iron columns. But this great statue was destroyed by a strong earthquake just over 50 years after it was built. Legend has it that the statue stood in the harbor with its legs apart and boarded the ship only through the middle of its legs, which was very spectacular and interesting. This colossus is actually the Greek sun god and their patron saint Helius. It was designed by architect Charles. After 12 years of construction, the Colossus of Rhode Island was completed in 282 BC. The whole colossus is 33 meters high, made of marble and covered with bronze, and was later used as a lighthouse. However, the earthquake in 226 BC knocked down the colossus, and its fragile knee became the fatal wound of the colossus, and the colossus fell to the shore near the port of Mandraki. In 654 AD, Rhode Island was invaded by Arabs, and the invaders even transported the remains to Syria, which made it more difficult to investigate this spectacle. Archaeologists of the Hanging Garden, like the colossus of Rhodes Island, have not found the remains of the Hanging Garden so far. In fact, many people who mentioned the hanging garden in their works in ancient times only heard of it from others and never really saw it. Is the hanging garden a pure legend? Construction time: about 600 BC, construction site: Babylon, east of the Euphrates River, about 50 miles south of Baghdad, the capital of Iraq. Of course, the hanging gardens in Babylon were not suspended in the air. The origin of this name is purely due to people's misinterpretation of the original meaning of "hang" in Greek "kremastos" and Latin "pensilis". It is generally believed that the Hanging Garden was built by King Nebuchadnezzar (604-562 BC) to comfort the homesick princess Amyitis, imitating her hometown in the mountains. It is said that slaves need to turn a mechanical device to extract a large amount of water from the Euphrates River below. 5. The Temple of themis, themis, is the Greek goddess of hunting. Arabs call her Rath, Egyptians call her Isis, and Romans call her Diana. In ancient Greece, themis was deeply worshipped, so he built the Temple of themis, one of the seven wonders. Construction time: about 550 BC. Construction site: in the soul of freedom in ancient Greek cities, about 50 kilometers south of Izmir (Smyrna). Temple buildings are based on marble and covered with wooden roofs. The designers of the whole building are Chersiphron and his son. Its biggest feature is that there are two rows of columns at least 106, and each row is about 12 to 18 meters high. The base of the temple is about 60 times 120 meters. The original temple was destroyed by a fire in 356 BC, and it was built after the original site caught fire again in 262 AD. The Temple of Al themis has been rebuilt seven times. The first temple of Al themis was designed in 550 BC by architects Samos, Cherxihong and his son Mette kinnis, supported by Ionian marble columns. This was the first largest building built entirely of marble at that time. The whole building was decorated with bronze, silver, gold and ivory reliefs of famous artists at that time, such as Pheidias, Polly Cletus, keresey Ras and Vladmont. The statue of Al themis was placed on the central U-shaped altar for people to worship. Later, in 356 BC, the temple was destroyed by fire and invasion. After the transformation, the length of the marble column increased to 2 1.7 meters, and thirteen steps were added around it. Finally, due to the conversion of people who love free souls to Christianity, the temple was destroyed by St. John Christom in 40 1 and disappeared from the world forever. 6. Mau Solas's Tomb Temple It is said that the Mau Solas's Tomb Temple in Halicarnassus is about 45 meters high, and the upper part of the base is in the shape of a stepped pyramid. The statue of King Mo Solas of the Kingdom of Caria may stand at the top. This mausoleum was destroyed in an earthquake in the third century. Construction Time: About 353 BC Construction Location: This huge white marble mausoleum is located in the southwest of Turkey today, and was built for Mo Solas and his wife. The whole building was designed by two Greek designers and decorated with strange carving patterns. Fu Yi's achievements are well known. It was destroyed by a great earthquake at the beginning of15th century. There are still some remaining sculptures in the British Museum in London. Mao Solas's Tomb Temple is located in Halicarnassus. Its ground floor is rectangular, with an area of 40m (120ft) by 30m (100ft) and a height of 45m (140ft), in which the pier wall is 20m high, the column is12m high and the pyramid is 7m high. The building is surrounded by pier walls and decorated with stone statues. The statue at the top is four horses pulling an ancient two-wheeled chariot. In addition to its architecture, this mausoleum temple is also famous for its sculptures. The sculpture of Mausoleum Temple was made by four famous sculptors, Briasis, Leo Chales, Scopas and Timothy, each of whom was responsible for one side of the tomb temple. /kloc-At the beginning of the 5th century, Halicarnassus was occupied. In order to build a huge castle, the new ruler used some stones from Mao Solas's tomb temple as building materials in 1494. Today, many sculptures still survive and are kept in museums in London, England. /kloc-since the 0/9th century, the archaeological excavation of Mausolasso's tomb temple has provided a lot of information about Mao. 7. Fallot Lighthouse According to the order of Alexander the Great (King of Macedonia), the Fallot Lighthouse in Alexandria was built on an artificial island in 300 BC. It is at least 122 meters high and made of shiny white limestone or marble. Construction time: about 300 BC. Location: On palos Island near Alexandria. Shortly after the death of Alexander the Great, Ptolemy Soter, one of his subordinates, ruled Egypt and made Alexandria its capital. In view of the dangerous sea lanes near Alexandria, Ptolemy Soter ordered the architect Sostratus to cooperate with the Alexandria Library/Mousion to build the Fallot Lighthouse, which was completed in 290 BC. When the Alexander Lighthouse was completed, its height deserved to be the tallest building in the world at that time. His designer is Chattus of Sotheby's, a Greek architect. An Arab traveler recorded in his notes: "The lighthouse was built on three steps. At its top, a mirror reflects sunlight during the day and guides the ship with fire at night. " /kloc-for 0/500 years, the Alexandria lighthouse has been guiding sailors to the harbor in the dark. It is also the latest of the six wonders to disappear. /kloc-it was completely destroyed by the earthquake in the 0/4th century. The Fallot Lighthouse is completely different from the other six wonders, because it has no religious color, and it is built purely for people's real life. The light of the Fallot lighthouse shines all over Alexandria at night, protecting the ships at sea. In addition, it was the tallest building in the world at that time.