1. Simple interest: I=P*i*n 2. Future value of simple interest: F=P(1+i*n) 3. Present value of simple interest: P=F/(1+i*n) 4. Compound interest

Future value: F=P(1+i)n or: P(F/P, i, n) 5. Present value of compound interest: P=F*(1+i)- n or: F(P/F, i

, n) 6. Future value of ordinary annuity: F=A[(1+i)n-1]/i or: A(F/A, i, n) 7. Annual sinking fund: A=F*i/

[(1+i)n-1] or: F(A/F, i, n) 8. Present value of ordinary annuity: P=A{[1-(1+i)- n]/i} or: A

(P/A, i, n) 9. Annual capital recovery: A=P{i/[1-(1+i)- n]} or: P(A/P, i, n) 10. Pay on demand

The future value of the annuity: F=A{[(1+i)(n+1)-1]/i-1} or: A[(F/A, i, n+1)-1] 11. Immediate payment

The present value of the annuity: P=A{[1-(1+i)-(n-1)]/i+1} or: A[(P/A, i, n-1)+1] 12.

Present value of the deferred annuity: The first method: first find the present value of the annuity in period (m+n), and then deduct the present value of the annuity in the deferred period (m).

P=A{[1-(1+i)-(m+n)]/i-[1-(1+i)- m]/i} or: A[(P/A,i,m+n

)-(P/A, i, n)] The second method: first find the present value at the end of the deferred period, and then adjust the present value to the beginning of the first period.

P=A{[1-(1+i)- n]/i*[(1+i)- m]} or: A[(P/A,i,n)*(P/F,i,m

)] The third method: first find the future value of the deferred annuity, and then convert it into the present value.

P=A{[(1+i)n-1]/I}*(1+i)-(n+m) or: A(F/A,I,n)(P/F,I,n+

m) 13. Present value of perpetuity: P=A/i 14. Discount rate: i=[(F/p)1/n]-1 (one-time payment) i=A/P (perpetual annuity

) For ordinary annuity discounting, first calculate the annuity present value coefficient or annuity future value coefficient and then check the relevant coefficient table to find i. If it cannot be obtained directly, it is calculated by interpolation method.

i=i1+[(β1-α)/(β1-αβ2)]*(i2-i1) 15. Conversion of nominal interest rate and real interest rate: i=(1+r/m)m-1 where: r is nominal

Interest rate; m is the number of annual compound interest 16. Risk rate of return: R=RF+RR=RF+b*V 17. Expected value: (P49) 18. Variance: (P50) 19. Standard variance: (P50) 20. Standard deviation

Margin: V=σ/E 21. Demand for external funds = Variable assets as a percentage of base period sales x Change in sales - Variable liabilities as a percentage of base period sales x Change in sales - Net sales interest rate x Earnings retention ratio x

Sales volume during the forecast period 22. Funding habit analysis method of demand for external funds: high and low point method (P67), regression straight line method (P68) 23. Theoretical value of warrants: V=(P-E)*N Note: P is

The market price of ordinary stocks, E is the subscription price, and N is the warrant exchange ratio.