Strengthen supervision before construction.
Supervision work is a diversified system engineering, and it is necessary to have a systematic and in-depth understanding of the projects undertaken in order to grasp the overall situation, find problems in time and solve them.
Familiar with the basic situation of the project, and have a general understanding of the location, topography, land acquisition, meteorological conditions, roads, pipe network lines, elevation and engineering geology of the project. Review the "construction organization design" and actively put forward the review opinions. Quality assurance system is an important link that directly affects the quality control of construction process. Check the quality assurance system of the construction unit itself. This is an important measure to ensure quality control. Strengthening the pre-control education and quality education of construction quality is an indispensable job for supervisors to assist the construction unit in management.
Engineering quality inspection can be divided into three parts: foundation inspection, construction inspection and sampling inspection of safety and use function of completed projects. The basic detection is legal, and its quality indicators and detection methods have corresponding national or industry standards. Its methods, procedures, equipment, instruments and personnel quality should comply with the provisions of relevant standards, its tests must comply with the procedures and requirements of corresponding standard methods, and its data are reproducible and comparable. Construction test is a means of internal quality control of construction units. When judging the quality, we should pay attention to the technical conditions, test procedures and third-party witness to ensure its unity and fairness. Sampling inspection on completion is to confirm the standardization and validity of the procedures, methods and data of construction inspection, and provide data for ensuring the structural safety and improving the use function of the project.
Supervision method of construction engineering quality inspection
In the process of building construction supervision, different supervision methods can be implemented according to different testing contents. Generally, there are the following types: witness sampling, parallel inspection, on-site supervision of construction inspection, and entrusted third-party inspection.
Witness sampling. When structural safety is involved, witness sampling tests shall be conducted on test blocks, test pieces and related materials as required. The Ministry of Construction [2002] No.211Notice on Printing and Distributing the Provisions on the Implementation of Witness Sampling and Inspection for Housing Construction Projects and Municipal Infrastructure Projects has made specific provisions on its inspection scope, quantity and procedures. It is stipulated in the document that the concrete test blocks of load-bearing structures, masonry mortar test blocks of load-bearing walls, steel bars and connecting joints of load-bearing structures, bricks and small concrete blocks of load-bearing walls, cement for mixing concrete and masonry mortar, additives used in concrete of load-bearing structures, and waterproof materials used in underground, roof and toilet must be witness sampled and sent for inspection. The proportion of witness sampling and inspection shall not be less than 30% of the number of samples specified in relevant technical standards. The witness in the supervision organization should be a professional who has the knowledge of building construction test and obtained witness sampling, and notify the construction unit, test unit and supervision organization. The witness shall mark, seal and indicate the project name, sampling date, sample name and quantity and the witness's signature on the sample or package. Witness sampling personnel shall be responsible for the representativeness and authenticity of witness sampling. The witness shall make a good record of the witness and return the construction technical files. The testing unit shall check the marks and envelopes on the samples according to the entrustment form, and conduct testing after confirming that they are correct. The inspection shall comply with relevant regulations and technical standards, and the inspection report shall be scientific, true and accurate. In addition to the signature of the normal report, the test report should also be stamped with a special seal for witnessing the sampling test.
Supervision institutions should pay attention to the following principles when witnessing sampling. Sampling inspection of incoming materials, each inspection lot must be the same variety, specification number, manufacturer or place of origin, produced at the same time or marketed at the same time; All kinds of specimens retained on site, each inspection lot must have the same variety, specification number, manufacturer or place of origin, simultaneous production or simultaneous site, construction site, operators and construction requirements. If there is any difference, it will be regarded as another inspection lot. The list matches. For incoming materials, it is necessary to check whether the batch number, specification, model, manufacturer, trademark and production date indicated on the materials are consistent. Sampling should be representative. Sampling shall be carried out according to the method and batch sampling specified in relevant standards. In the process of pile witness sampling supervision, the test results should be tracked in time and compared with the evaluation results of quality control test blocks of the construction unit. Find problems in time and correct them in time.
Parallel test. "Parallel inspection refers to the activities that the project supervision organization independently conducts inspection or testing according to a certain proportion on the basis of the contractor's self-inspection by using certain inspection or testing means". Its purpose is to check the accuracy of construction inspection. According to the characteristics of building engineering, parallel inspection items mainly include measuring and setting out, geometric dimension inspection, etc. Inspection can use the equipment owned by the supervisor, or the equipment of the construction unit can be independently carried out by the supervisor, but the equipment used for parallel inspection must be confirmed to be in normal condition. Parallel inspection shall generally be carried out after the completion of self-inspection by the construction unit. If time is tight, you can also use the method of synchronous inspection with the construction unit. According to the requirements of construction supervision at this stage, inspection lots related to structural safety and use function can adopt 100% parallel inspection, which should be in one-to-one correspondence with the self-inspection of the construction unit, and decoration works can be inspected in parallel according to the proportion required by the specification. The parallel inspection of the supervisor should be recorded. The record form can be recorded separately with reference to the construction self-inspection form, or one of the self-inspection declaration forms of the construction unit in duplicate can be used for comparative inspection records.
On-site supervision of construction inspection. The frequency of parallel inspection is limited. In order to ensure the accuracy of the inspection, the supervision engineer should generally supervise the construction inspection. Parallel inspection and side-by-side supervision or synchronous inspection of construction inspection shall be carried out together. According to the engineering situation, the whole or part of the on-site supervision or synchronous inspection can be carried out for the construction inspection. Irrigation test, water pressure test, steam tightness test, lightning protection and grounding, environmental protection testing, intelligent testing, electrical testing and other housing construction engineering function testing should take the form of on-site supervision and supervision. On-site supervision is adopted in the above tests, which is conducive to finding problems in time and analyzing and solving problems with construction parties. On-site supervision shall be carried out for the construction inspection, and the records shall be recorded by the quality inspector of the construction party, and the on-site signature of the supervision station shall be taken as an effective record.
Entrust a third party to test. When it is necessary to be tested by a third party, the supervision engineer shall review the quality assurance system of the third-party testing, including the qualification of the testing unit, the qualification of the testing personnel, and the verification status of the testing equipment, and at the same time examine and approve its testing scheme. In the process of testing, we should focus on monitoring whether the environmental conditions meet the requirements of testing regulations, and track and collect testing reports in time, so as to know the situation in time and deal with it decisively.
Supervision of completion acceptance
Take charge of your own work project. Evaluate the project quality and put forward the project quality evaluation report; Review the technical files and completion reports of the construction unit; Sign the supervision opinions on the completion report submitted by the construction unit; Report the supervision work at the completion acceptance meeting; Accept the inspection of supervision files by the superior quality inspection department, the leaders of provincial and municipal supervision associations and the supervision company; Bring all relevant units * * * to sign the completion acceptance certificate.
Supervise and assist the construction unit's work projects. Make acceptance plans and arrangements; Assist the construction unit to inform the quality supervision department to come to the site for acceptance, and assist the construction unit to organize the completion acceptance; Assist the construction unit to access or review relevant engineering files; Assist the construction unit to organize the site project quality return visit; Drafting the opinions on completion acceptance and assisting in drafting the project completion acceptance report; Assist the construction unit to submit relevant acceptance documents to the local construction authorities.
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