Longgang town was established in 1984 as a product of Deng Xiaoping’s reform and opening up policy. Its development over the past two decades has attracted worldwide attention. Longgang Town is now a pilot town for the comprehensive reform of small towns across the country, a pilot town for the United Nations Development Program's "Sustainable Development of Small Towns in China", a major comprehensive strength town in Zhejiang Province and Wenzhou City, and Cangnan County. economic center. Longgang's printing industry, which has developed simultaneously with "China's First City for Farmers", is a characteristic industry in regional economic development. In the past 19 years, the total output value of the town's printing industry has increased from 156,000 yuan in 1985 to 4.5 billion yuan in 2004. Today, Longgang Printing Industry has world-class printing equipment, forming self-adhesive printing, flexible packaging printing, anti-counterfeiting trademark printing, paper printing, computer woven labels and other system printing and raw and auxiliary material production and supply, pre-press, printing, and printing. Later, with efficient collaboration and a highly unified socialized production system supported by a huge sales network, it became the "China Printing City". From "China's No. 1 Farmer's City" to "China's Printing City", Longgang people have completed a historic transformation and leap, which fully demonstrates that the industrial cluster theory has been successfully implemented in Longgang.
The formation and development of Longgang’s printing industry is a successful practice of the industrial cluster theory
In the mid-to-late 1980s, Longgang was “encouraging farmers to bring capital to the city to open factories and stores. "Under the slogan, agglomeration in population, economy, culture and other aspects has spontaneously formed. In the process of the continuous formation and development of Longgang town, the printing economy born under the authentic Wenzhou economic model has also developed rapidly in Longgang. Since the 1990s, Longgang has been in the embarrassing situation of "a small horse and a big cart". However, under the great policies of the country's reform and opening up and the Wenzhou model's unique "no argument" for new things, the printing industry in Longgang has been prosperous. It has been further developed. Moreover, due to Longgang's good geographical location and reputation as "China's No. 1 Farmer City", it has attracted economic talents from the surrounding two provinces and six cities and counties, which has greatly promoted the economic development and development of Longgang. The speed of urbanization construction in Longgang. Especially with the prominence of Longgang as a central town, large-scale printing companies in the county have relocated to Longgang. According to statistics, the output value of the printing industry in Longgang Town reached 1.5 billion yuan in 1997, accounting for more than 45% of the output value of the county's printing industry. In 1998, there were 16 key printing enterprises in Longgang Town, and only 16 in the remaining towns. 6 homes. Therefore, it can be said that the Longgang printing industry at that time had formed a cluster economy and completed an important step in the industrial cluster.
However, while Longgang's printing industry has further developed, due to its obvious spontaneity, Longgang's printing economy has almost all the characteristics of the spontaneous private economy in the early stage of market economy: some enterprises have completed They have continued to improve their technology and management levels, and have become large-scale enterprises with a solid foundation; while nearly half of the enterprises still remain in the "family workshop" business model. These "family workshops" are small in scale, low-grade, scattered and even hidden, causing the daily dynamic management of government departments to get out of control. In this case, due to irregular management, some companies are easily exploited by manufacturers of counterfeit and shoddy products, and they unknowingly become "rare dogs in the same breed"; there are also some illegal companies with incomplete licenses and business owners who are ungrateful and ignore the interests of others. Market rules and legal regulations, intentional counterfeiting and profiteering. In May 2001, as the work of rectifying and standardizing the market economic order continued to deepen across the country, the problem of counterfeiting in the printing industry in Cangnan County, especially Longgang, aroused the attention of central leaders such as Li Lanqing, member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and Vice Premier of the State Council, and State Councilor Wu Yi. of attention. On May 27th and 28th, 11 people from the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine, the Ministry of Public Security, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the General Administration of Press and Publication, CCTV, and relevant experts from the national printing industry formed a joint investigation team and rushed to Cangnan. The investigation team found that Zhanqian Road in Longgang Town is less than 1 kilometer long, but there are more than 100 small printing-related shops. Many counterfeit printed matter and packaging materials flowing across the country flow through such shops. Two days later, on May 29, an "Investigation Report on the Production and Sale of Fake Documents and Trademarks in Cangnan County, Zhejiang Province" was submitted to the desk of the central leadership. Vice Premier Li Lanqing of the State Council and others gave instructions: To eliminate counterfeit and shoddy products, we must start from the source, and the printing companies that print trademarks, logos, and packaging must be vigorously rectified to make it difficult for counterfeit and shoddy products to disguise themselves and sneak into the market. Following the spirit of the instructions, the State Council and relevant departments of Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province listed Cangnan County, especially Longgang Town, as a key area for special rectification.
This rectification is serious. Before the rectification, there were 809 printing companies of various types in Longgang; after the rectification, only 427 printing companies had their licenses renewed in Longgang. At this point, with the reduction of quantity and the implementation of supporting supporting measures, Longgang Town has truly achieved the goal of “compressing the total quantity and optimizing the structure”. For example, during the renovation period, the town invested more than 300 million yuan in purchasing large-scale printing equipment, which improved the industrial level; the system requires enterprises to strictly implement four systems for printing trademarks and five systems for printing and registration, etc., so that enterprises can operate More standardized. It was this serious rectification that made the people of Longgang truly realize the importance of reputations such as integrity and quality to a city, and put Longgang's printing industry on the path to healthy development.
On April 1, 2002, the second year after the remediation, Cangnan County forwarded a report to the Wenzhou Municipal People's Government requesting the "granting of Longgang China's packaging and printing base", believing that Cangnan's printing industry had This stage of centralized rectification has begun to embark on the path of "structural optimization, standardized management, orderly competition, first-class technology, and the formation of regional brand characteristics." On May 26, Wenzhou City submitted a request to the China Printing Technology Association to "grant Longgang the China Packaging and Printing Base." On September 24, 2002, after many inspections, the China Printing Technology Association officially awarded Wenzhou City and Longgang Town the golden business card of "China Printing City". This is a recognition of Cangnan County, which takes Longgang as the focus of improvement. The best illustration of the results obtained from the special rectification of the printing industry.
It can be said that in the past 20 years of reform and opening up, Longgang has always focused on economic development. With the development of market economy, it has continuously adjusted and optimized its industrial structure, making industries with high technological content such as printing and gifts become Longgang. Hong Kong’s pillar industry. In order to improve the overall competitiveness of Longgang's printing industry and enable the printing industry to maintain new advantages in development, the Longgang Town Government began to plan and construct an industrial park in 1998, a provincial-level characteristic industrial park covering an area of ??1,000 acres - Longgang Printing The first phase of the demonstration industrial park has been completed, and 19 printing companies have entered the park and put into production. After these enterprises entered the industrial park, they upgraded their production equipment through technical transformation, introduced contemporary international advanced printing equipment such as Heidelberg from Germany and Komori from Japan, and outstanding domestic management talents, bringing Longgang's printing industry to a higher level. In 2002, the park's new output value was 900 million yuan and its new tax revenue was more than 50 million yuan. Currently, the second phase of the project has begun construction. In addition, the Chengdong Industrial Park, listed as one of the seven major industrial parks in Wenzhou City, also started construction at the end of 2001. The total planned land area of ??the industrial park is 15,000 acres. The entire park will be implemented in three phases: the first is the start-up phase, with a land area of ??3,000 acres and a total investment of 4.5 billion yuan. The second is the development stage, with a land area of ??4,500 acres and a total investment of 6 billion yuan. The third is the target stage, with a land area of ??7,500 acres and a total investment of 10 billion yuan. At present, 49 companies have been approved for the first and second phase investment projects in the start-up stage of the park, with a total investment of 810 million yuan and a land area of ??950 acres. The simple road network planned for the first and second phases of the park has been completed, and all compensation fees for land acquisition by farmers have been paid, and some housing demolitions have been settled. The park's road, drainage and bridge engineering design plans have passed the joint review. At the end of 2002, Longgang Town continued its efforts and planned and constructed the second phase of the printing demonstration park covering an area of ??more than 280 acres in the prime location of Longjin Avenue with preferential land prices. It introduced BOPP, BOPA, BOPET and other printing raw material production enterprises through investment promotion. Extend the printing industry chain and continue to reduce the production costs of Longgang's printing industry, thereby making Longgang's printing industry more competitive. Currently, Longgang is preparing to build a printing demonstration industrial park covering an area of ??330 acres and a Xinya Printing Industrial Park covering an area of ??more than 500 acres. It is hoped that this move will further strengthen Longgang's printing industry.
In short, the development of Longgang's printing industry is a process of constantly adapting to the trend of the times and constantly forging ahead. It is also a successful practice of the industrial cluster theory in Longgang. Recently, Longgang Town has formulated an overall publicity plan to promote printing nationwide, publicize the overall industry image of "one-stop printing, one-port packaging" to the whole country, and focus on the grand goal of creating "China Printing and Packaging City" to provide Longgang printing industry finally strives to go global.
In-depth thoughts on the severe situation and problems currently faced by Longgang printing industry
Economics believes that industrial clusters are high-density enterprises that produce certain products within a certain region. of gathering.
It includes several similar enterprises, upstream and downstream enterprises supporting these enterprises, and related service industries. It is generally believed that industrial clusters are mostly characterized by geographical proximity and the integrity of the industrial chain, relatively concentrated industrial fields, a sufficient number of enterprises, fierce competition within the industrial cluster, and extensive vertical cooperation. The "efficiency" of industrial clusters is reflected in: First, it is conducive to in-depth division of labor and enterprises to improve their core competitiveness. Within the industrial cluster, enterprises will focus all their funds and energy on their most advantageous point, making this point the lowest price and best quality to build the core competitiveness of the enterprise. In the process of agglomeration, Longgang's printing industry has continuously refined its industrial division of labor through market adjustments, extending the industrial chain. At the same time, a number of enterprises with core competitiveness have emerged, such as Xinya, Shuguang, and Fukang. Second, it is conducive to innovation. Due to the existence of learning effect and competition effect, the printing industry cluster can transform Longgang's original comparative advantage based on resource factor endowment into a competitive advantage based on regional innovation capabilities, greatly accelerating the pace of enterprise technological innovation. Third, it is conducive to the creation of location brands. Just as products with strong brand influence can attract more consumers, areas with strong brand influence can attract more dealerships, suppliers, investors and all kinds of talents. The golden business card of "China Printing City" is conducive to Longgang printing products compete in domestic and foreign markets. The formation and private exhibition of Longgang's printing industry fully illustrates the huge effect brought by the printing industry cluster. It is this agglomeration effect that makes Longgang one of the three major printing bases in the country.
However, with the emphasis on printing as a "sunrise industry" across the country, and the various problems faced by Longgang printing industry in the development process, we are currently concerned about the survival and development of Longgang printing industry. There should be more awareness of danger and crisis:
1. The printing industrial parks established across the country have put tremendous pressure on Longgang's printing industry. In the past few years, the printing industry has been regarded as a "sunrise industry" and has been vigorously promoted and guided by local governments. Against this background, various localities have developed the printing industry through "enclosure, building parks, and recruiting enterprises" to adapt to the development of modern urban economies. To meet the demand, major and medium-sized cities in Shanghai, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Guangdong, Beijing, Tianjin and other places have listed the printing industry as a key urban support industry. According to the average growth rate of national economic development, it is predicted that in the next 5 to 10 years, the annual growth rate of the entire domestic printing industry will not be less than 10% to 15%. Industrial parks that highlight the printing industry have sprung up like mushrooms after a rain. For example, the Beijing Printing Industrial Park has settled in Shunyi, with an initial development area of ??2,000 acres; Shanghai has built an international packaging and printing city with a total area of ??600 acres; Yunnan invested 60 million yuan to build a garden-style printing boutique Base; a printing industrial park was established in Weihai, Shandong, covering an area of ??400 acres; a Changsha printing industrial park with a planned total investment of 2 billion yuan was settled in Huanghua, covering an area of ??1,000 acres. Shenyang invested 3 billion yuan to build the largest packaging and printing base in Northeast China, covering an area of ??1,300 acres and a total construction area of ??500,000 square meters. The first phase of the project was launched in June 2003. After the base is completed, it will integrate science, education, commerce, trade, It integrates industrial production and processing, warehousing and logistics, production and residence, and comprehensive supporting facilities. This almost unanimous approach has put heavy pressure on Longgang printing industry, which mainly relies on the domestic market for business, and its impact is huge and far-reaching.
2. The relatively poor economic development environment will seriously restrict the further expansion and strength of Longgang's printing industry. The printing industry is a major processing service industry in the national economy and a major component of culture. It shoulders the important mission of building, disseminating and developing advanced culture. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the supervision of the printing industry in a reasonable and orderly manner. However, many departments and units that currently exist in Longgang, such as local taxation, national taxation, industry and commerce, culture and news, technical supervision, public security, economy and trade, environmental protection, labor, fire protection, safety, health, printing regulation office and town government, can carry out inspections on printing companies. The situation of inspection management is indeed terrible. It often happens that various departments have repeated inspections and inspection collisions. One department has just left the front, and another department has come back, which adds a lot of pressure to the enterprise. Moreover, most inspections are often for the purpose of fines. Frequent inspections and fines not only cause economic losses to enterprises, but more importantly, seriously affect the normal production of enterprises, making many enterprises uneasy about setting up factories in Cangnan. In addition, bottleneck issues such as insufficient electricity and land have also seriously restricted the further expansion and strength of Longgang's printing industry.
3. The problems existing in the enterprise itself also seriously restrict the further development of Longgang printing industry.
The printing industry in Longgang is still more of a "low, small and scattered" enterprise. The enterprise does not have its own factory building or rents a small factory building for production. Therefore, it is easy for these enterprises to have no long-term development goals and just to achieve the current goal. Production is based on business, lacking a long-term plan for the development of the company. Moreover, such companies often engage in vicious competition with their peers in order to grab business and compete with each other to lower prices, resulting in the emergence of shoddy product quality and even shoddy products. At the same time, many companies have poor new product development capabilities, do not have their own brand products, do not pay attention to investment in scientific research, and their production technology and equipment are relatively backward. Especially under the current background of difficult bank loans, these companies have no power to update and upgrade their current products. There is equipment, resulting in low-end products. In addition, except for some large-scale enterprises, most enterprises in Longgang do not pay much attention to the introduction of professional and technical talents and management talents due to their small scale and lack of funds. They have no long-term investment in the large number of labor forces that have been obtained at low prices. Provide better skills training from a perspective so that these existing employees can be better qualified for their current jobs and better serve the development of the enterprise.