Li Bai is a representative writer in the Tang Dynasty, and also a great romantic poet after Qu Yuan in the history of Chinese literature. His main activity period was in the Kaiyuan and Tianbao years of Xuanzong, which was an unprecedented period of prosperity and strength of the Tang Empire, but also a period of various social contradictions and crises lurking. His drinking poems reflected the characteristics of this period. This paper explores the cultural connotation and positive significance of his drinking.
1. Expressing feelings through wine and giving poems to friends
Wine is an ancient and civilized drink and a special food to satisfy people's material life and spiritual life. It has many functions for people, among which it is a regular behavior for people to convey feelings and media friendship from ancient times to the present. Li Bai used wine to express his feelings and gave poems to his friends, which enriched the cultural connotation of his drinking poems.
according to Guo Moruo's Li Bai and Du Fu, Li Bai's drinking poems account for 16% of his total works, and farewell works account for a large proportion of his drinking poems. Li Bai drinks wine as a poem and gives it to his friends. Most of these poems show his sincere feelings and strong friendship for his friends. Such as "parting at a Wine-Shop in Nanjing": "a wind, bringing willow-cotton, sweetens the shop, Wu Ji pressed wine to persuade customers to taste. With my comrades of the city who are here to see me off, and as each of them drains his cup, I say to him in parting. Oh, go and ask this river running to the east, if it can travel farther than a friend's love!. " This poem describes the poet's drinking situation when he was separated from Jinling's children. The author compares his feelings with those of his friends, showing the poet's deep feelings and friendship for Jinling's children. "Topic Dai Old Hotel" says: "In the grave of Ji Zuo, old spring should still be brewed. There is no Li Bai at night, and who is drinking with? " Mourning an ordinary winemaker, he expressed his deep feelings in simple language, which was very touching and also showed Li Bai's cherish of friendship. Li Bai despises princes and ministers, and has a close love for the common people. Du Fu said: "Li Bai has a hundred poems about fighting wine, and he sleeps in a restaurant on Chang 'an Avenue. The son of heaven didn't come on board, claiming that I was a fairy in wine. " When the poet was drunk, he slept in a citizen's house in the street, but the emperor told him to ignore it, which showed that he had a strong friendship with the civilians. Otherwise, how could he be like this? Down Zhongnan Mountain to the Kind Pillow and Bowl of Husi, Looking for Fan Jushi in the North of Lu City, Seeing Fan Buying Wine and Picking Xanthium, and Giving Wang Lun are also such works. Through the above analysis, Li Bai's affection for friends is particularly prominent in his drinking poems for civilians. Wine became the bond of his feelings and friendship, and the poet's strong "wine feeling" has always been appreciated by future generations.
second, wine helps poetry and wine name
after drinking, a masterpiece is made, and poetry becomes a famous wine name, which is abundant in the history of literature. Bai Juyi's long poem Pipa Xing, Wang Ji's Chu Shi as a Gift, Cao Cao's Dukang Wine as a Song for Wine, and Su Shi's "Shuanggou" wine are famous masterpieces after drinking and poems. This is especially true for Li Bai. Du Fu said that he could write 1 poems after drinking a bucket of wine. Although this is an exaggeration, we can see the relationship between Li Bai's drinking and poetry creation. When he was drinking, his poems were full of enthusiasm, and he wrote, "Don't you see how the Yellow River's waters move out of heaven and entering the ocean, never to return? Don't you see how lovely locks in bright mirrors in high chambers and though silken-black at morning, have changed by night to snow! Oh, let a man of spirit venture where he pleases, and never tip his golden cup empty toward the moon!. Since heaven gave the talent, let it be employed! As for money, though it scatters, it will come together again. What are bell and drum, rare dishes and treasure?, I wish I'd never wake up. Ancient sages are silent, and only the great drinkers are famous for all time ". This poem is heroic and bold in language, which shows the poet's bold and unconstrained, arrogant and conceited character. Li Bai's poems are often inspired by the rate and the style is smooth, which really seems to be inspired by drunkenness. According to Huang Yanbai's Wine, the second review of China's famous drinkers, there are more than 7 masterpieces of Li Bai's drinking, among which Xiangyang Song, Entering Wine, Liangyuan Yin, Answering Wang's Twelve Cold Nights, Drinking asking for the moon, drinking Alone with the Moon, and Sending Du Erfu to the East Shimen of Lujun are immortal works that have been handed down to later generations. Wine helped become Li Bai's poems and made him famous all over the world. But on the other hand, Li Bai's poems add luster to wine. It can be said that the beauty that Li Bai gives to wine is much more beautiful than the beauty that wine gives to Li Bai's poems. For example, "Shixian Taibai Liquor" in Wanxian County, Sichuan Province has been rated as a famous liquor of the Ministry, province and city for many times. In 1959, it was recommended as a banquet wine for the tenth anniversary of the National Day at a national evaluation reception. In 1984, the National Tourism Administration transferred Taibai Liquor to Japan, and now its sales volume has reached more than 5,7 tons, selling well at home and abroad, bringing great economic benefits to the factory. Also, Li Bai's image or his famous drinking sentences are often used as registered trademarks in alcohol advertisements. Signs such as "Drunken Taibai", "Taibai Building" or "Taibai Legacy" are more fragrant and sweet in urban and rural areas. Therefore, Li Bai's wine-assisted poetry and poetry's famous wine still has its profound cultural significance today.
Third, sending wine as a trace to drown one's sorrows with wine
Wine can make ancient literati get temporary relief under the heavy feudal oppression. China's feudal society lasted for a very long time, and the oppression of the people by the feudal rulers was particularly heavy, and the reaction was particularly strong. Tao Yuanming, Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest, Lu You, Xin Qiji, etc. are the most typical representatives who used wine as a trace to drown their sorrows against the dark society at that time. The era of Li Bai's life is an era of unprecedented prosperity and strength, but various social contradictions and crises lurk; It is the turning point of the Tang dynasty from its heyday to its gradual decline. At the beginning of Kaiyuan, Xuanzong was a good emperor who made great efforts to govern the country. He imitated Taizong's politics of advocating frugality, knew people well and made unprecedented achievements. At the end of Kaiyuan, Xuanzong was intoxicated with political success and indulged in pleasure, using treacherous court officials Li Linfu, Yang Guozhong and eunuchs to lose power. Xuanzong's personal indulgence luxury test rewarded the lower officials excessively, which led the whole bureaucratic class to become extravagant and enjoy themselves excessively. Li Linfu and Yang Guozhong have long dominated state affairs by cronyism, excluding dissidents and harming loyalty. Li Bai is an upright, progressive and ambitious poet, and he is bound to feel sad that his intelligence cannot be put to good use. I feel pain that the achievements of "helping the poor" and "settling down for Li Yuan" cannot be realized. In order to get rid of this sorrow and pain, Li Bai found wine, which became his favorite thing. When he was drinking sweetly, he was furious: "When you talk and laugh, you lose your color, and flies scream." Kong Sheng still heard that Feng Lin was hurt, and Dong Long was even worse. Han Xin was ashamed to compare himself with Jiang Guan, and Mi Heng was ashamed to chase away Tu Gu 'er "("Answering Wang Han Ye's Solitary Drink "). Scold Li Linfu and Yang Guozhong's adulterers as flies, chickens, dogs and butchers, and they were furious to the extreme. When he was depressed and worried, he raised his glass to persuade others: "what are bell and drum, rare dishes and treasure?, I hope I will never wake up after being drunk for a long time. In ancient times, sages were silent, and only drinkers left their names. " "Five-flowered horses, thousand-golden-chiu, and hand them to the boy to exchange for good wine, together with you, will eliminate the worries of the ages" ("Going into Wine"). This "eternal sorrow" is his great sorrow, which spans the universe and runs through mankind; It is his sorrow that he witnessed the decline of the Tang Empire from its peak, and Li Bai's "eternal sorrow" has almost reached the point where it is difficult to get rid of the legacy: "... since the world can in no way answer our craving, I will loosen my hair tomorrow and take to a fishingboat". I feel sorry for my life, as if the only way out for my whole life is to drive a boat and invite me to swim in the rivers and lakes. Sending wine as a trace to drown one's sorrows can only make the poet get a temporary relief. After waking up, the poet said, "but since water still flows, though we cut it with our swords, it's even more sad to raise a glass to drown one's sorrows". At last, wine can't be his real relief tool.
4. Inheriting and developing the forms and enriching the contents of drinking poems in past dynasties
Li Bai's drinking poems inherit and develop the forms and enrich the contents of drinking poems in past dynasties. Li Bai had many drinking poems before, such as Zhanlu in The Book of Songs, Banquet at the Beginning of the Guest, Song of Drinking by Cao Cao and Drinking by Tao Yuanming, but they were all limited to four or five words. Li Bai's drinking poems developed into seven words, miscellaneous words and quatrains on the basis of predecessors. In particular, some of his seven-character songs are strewn at random in syntactic length, with short sentences of only three words and long sentences of nine to ten. Such diverse and ever-changing forms are the result of Li Bai's bold innovation. There are also many aspects in the expression content. There is contempt for feudal dignitaries and wealth and wealth; There was a ruthless exposure and attack on the dark politics at that time; There is infinite grief and indignation to express one's talent; Have deep feelings and friendship for friends. The form and content of drinking poems have made such great achievements in Li Bai's hands. On the one hand, it is because of his uninhibited personality and unrestrained poetry emotions, so he is not bound by temperament and antithesis. On the other hand, it is also the result of the poet's pursuit of natural beauty and the use of various forms to express various life contents.
5. Created a unique artistic style of drinking poems
As a romantic poet, Li Bai is great and the most typical. He said that his poem is "Xing Han put pen to paper to shake the five mountains, and the poem becomes Xiao Ao Ling Cangzhou". Du Fu praised his poems, saying, "When a pen falls, it scares the wind and rain, and a poem makes you cry.". This magical artistic charm makes his drinking poems have a unique and distinctive artistic style. Mainly manifested in the following aspects:
1. The self-image is distinct and the feelings are strongly expressed. Li Bai is not a poet of freedom from ten thousand matters. On the contrary, he seems to care about everything, and he has experienced and shown many lives. Although there is no life that can satisfy him forever, the passionate feelings and strong personality of the basin have laid an indelible mark on the poems expressing all kinds of life, and there is a strong subjective color of self-expression everywhere. When he wanted to be an official, he said, "I would sit and poise a fishing-pole, lazy by a brook, but I suddenly dream of riding a boat, sailing for the sun". When the emperor ordered him to enter Beijing, he got carried away: "Going out laughing in the sky, are we people of Artemisia?". Frustrated politically, he shouted, "the way is broad like the blue sky, but no way out before my eye" and "since the world can in no way answer our craving, I will loosen my hair tomorrow and take to a fishingboat". Li Bai likes wine best: "The duck head of Hanshui River is green in the distant years, just like the first grapes.". If this river turns into spring wine, it will build a bad mound. " Because of his pursuit of self-expression, his emotional expression is by no means veiled and restrained, but unrestrained, rushing out. "The fish eyes also laugh at me, saying that they are the same as the bright moon, and they can't eat with their fists, and the donkey won the spring breeze." "Five-flowered horses, a thousand-golden-qiu, and hand them to the boy to exchange for good wine, together with you, share the eternal sorrow". And so on, impassioned, shouting loudly, showing the poet's image of being both extraordinary and lonely and depressed in Jun Gao. There is nothing euphemistic and subtle here, but it is natural to express one's mind directly.