(1) It is necessary to know the ports of shipment commonly used on all continents and major routes, as well as the ports and prices that shippers often need to serve; ② Schedule information of major shipping companies;

(3) If necessary, ask the owner for some kinds of information, such as the name of the goods, risk grade, etc. (Waterway Hazard Rules) 2. Land transportation inquiry: (RMB fee)

(1) Need to know the kilometers of major cities and the price of towing boxes; (2) the packaging price of each port area; ③ Fees for customs declaration, commodity inspection and animal and plant inspection.

3. If it cannot be provided in time, please ask the customer to leave contact elements such as phone number and surname, so as to reply to the owner in the shortest time.

2. Key information (usually fax) to be clarified after receiving the order (entrusted by the entrusting party): 5. Payment method, contact information of the shipper. Make boxes and deliver them to your door or indoors. 3. Book space.

1, power of attorney (ten copies); When making documents, it is necessary to ensure the accuracy and consistency of the original consignment data to the greatest extent, so as to reduce frequent changes in the subsequent process.

2. Booking the space with the company's booking stamp: If you need to provide accessories for booking the space (such as the price confirmation of the shipping company), you should prepare them together before booking the space.

3. Obtain stowage receipt, and extract ship name, voyage and bill of lading number information. Fourth, make boxes.

1, door-to-door: fill in the packing plan: packing time, ship name, voyage, customs declaration number, transit port, destination port, gross weight, number of pieces, volume, customs clearance, contact person, telephone number and other important factors, and arrange the train 1~2 days before (two days before the shipment date). 2. Packing: Fill in the packing plan: name of the ship, voyage, port of transit, port of destination, gross weight, number of pieces, volume, number of inbound cabins, etc. And arrange the train 1~2 days before the customs clearance date (two days before the shipment date).

3. Obtain the packing list (CLP) obtained by two methods. 5. Customs declaration (sometimes at the same time, sometimes before packing) 1. Understand the information needed for customs declaration of frequently exported goods. ① Commodity inspection ② Quota ③ License ④ Certificate of origin.

⑤ Provide trademark authorization and trademark name.

⑥ The value of goods exported to Hong Kong is more than $65,438+million, and the value exported to other regions is more than $500,000. The foreign exchange settlement memo (copy) shall be provided for verification. ⑥ Provide chamber of commerce price stamp.

2. Fill in the name of the ship, voyage, bill of lading number, corresponding packing list, invoice, gross weight, net weight, number of packages, packaging type, amount and volume, and check the correctness of the customs declaration (documents are consistent).

3. Display the "Chinese name" of the goods where the customs declaration is located, refer to the commodity code against the customs code book, check whether it is consistent, determine the unit of measurement according to the code, and read the missing elements of the customs declaration according to the regulatory conditions listed by the customs.

4. Prepare the customs declaration power of attorney, customs declaration form, manual, invoice, packing list, verification form, stowage form (after the fifth copy of the ten-copy form), change form (if necessary) and other required materials, and clear the customs one day before the customs clearance.

Follow up the dock receipt to ensure shipment and stowage. If there is a next voyage, the goods still need to be shipped. Documents and materials such as license, quota, commodity inspection and animal and plant inspection should be notified one week before the scheduled shipment date, so that (Shipping Department) can successfully extract the materials and reuse them. Otherwise, it will only delay the shipment and cause trouble. Confirmation and modification of intransitive verb bill of lading 1. Ask the customer about the issuing form of "Bill of Lading":

(1) Unloading: the customer is required to provide the original (copy) of the "discharge guarantee", and then the company's "guarantee" is issued to the shipping company for unloading. (2) Pre-borrowing (if feasible) requires the customer to provide the original (as a copy) of the "pre-borrowing guarantee", and then issue the company's "guarantee" to the shipping company for pre-borrowing. (3) countersigning (if feasible) requires the customer to provide the original "countersigning guarantee" (for filing), and then issue the company's "guarantee" to the shipping company for countersigning. * In this case, most of the bills of lading are issued.

(4) Separation of documents: 3-4 days after the ship sails (waiting for the manifest to arrive at the customs to guarantee the tax refund), and then split one customs declaration into multiple customs declarations.

⑤ Consolidation: After the ship leaves the port for 3-4 days (the manifest is delivered to the customs to ensure tax refund), multiple customs declarations will be consolidated into one customs declaration.

⑥ Release of documents in different places: Only with the consent of the shipping company can the documents be released, such as the owner's letter of guarantee, contact person, telephone number, fax number, company name and address, etc.

2. Fax it to the owner for confirmation according to the original data, and establish the correct contents of the bill of lading according to the returned goods. Seven, sign the bill

1. Check whether each original bill of lading is completely stamped. 2. Do I need a handwritten signature? Eight, voyage cost settlement

1, sea freight ① freight prepaid ② to pay the freight ②, land transportation ① booking.

(2) Customs declaration (including the expenses declared before customs declaration) (3) Making boxes (inside/door to door).

④ Other expenses to be considered: port flushing fee/customs clearance fee, commodity inspection, animal and plant inspection, delivery fee, courier fee, discharge and modification. Bill of lading and invoice issuance (sample bill of lading) 1. If the owner comes to pick up the parts, he needs to sign for it.

2. For elements such as "bill of lading number" delivered by EMS and express delivery, "invoice number." , "VerifyNo." , "License number." And "QuotaNo" should be marked on the "name and address list" for future verification. 10. The voyage fee shall be settled within one month, and the shipper's "Verification Tax Refund Form" shall be returned in time. 1 1. If there is any problem with the customs tax refund, it needs to be replaced. (2) A copy of the dock receipt "Coptis chinensis is the seventh of ten lists";

③ Two copies of the original bill of lading;

(4) Copy of packing list (container loading plan); ⑤ Modification sheet (in triplicate, original). 2. Shortage (over-reporting and under-reporting) and overload (under-reporting and over-reporting)

① If the ship fails to make corrections in time within 5 days (working days), a fine of 3,000-5,000 yuan shall be imposed first; Invoice and packing list re-provided by the owner; A copy of the bill of lading re-provided by the shipowner (stamped with the "Confirmation Seal for Copy of Bill of Lading"); The original copy of the bill of lading (stamped with the "confirmation stamp of the copy of the bill of lading") is changed within 5 days after the ship leaves port; Correct original customs declaration form; Correct invoice; And the chronological order of packing list documents.

Time sequence of various files!

The date of issuance of various documents should conform to logic and international practice, and the date of general bill of lading is the key to determine the date of each document.

The date of the bill of exchange shall be later than the bill of lading, invoice and other documents, but not later than the validity period of the letter of credit. The date relationship of each document is as follows: the invoice date shall be at the beginning of each document date;

The date of bill of lading shall not exceed the shipment date stipulated in the letter of credit or be earlier than the earliest shipment date of the letter of credit; The date of policy issuance should be earlier than or equal to the date of bill of lading (generally 2 days earlier than the date of bill of lading) and not earlier than the date of invoice; The packing list should be on or after the invoice date, but must be before the bill of lading date; The certificate of origin is not earlier than the invoice date, but not later than the bill of lading date;

The date of commodity inspection certificate shall not be later than the date of bill of lading, but not later than the date of bill of lading, especially fresh goods and perishable goods; Beneficiary's certificate: equal to or later than the date of bill of lading;

Shipping advice: within three days after the date of bill of lading; Certificate of shipping company: equal to or earlier than the date of bill of lading. -[u] circulation of foreign trade documents [/u] 1.

2. Quotation: The business department responds to the customer's inquiry in time to determine the product name, model, manufacturer, quantity, delivery date, payment method, packaging specifications, cabinet type, etc. Proforma invoice gives the customer a formal quotation. 3. Get the order: After negotiation, receive the formal purchase order from the customer.

4. Place a production order: After the customer's order is confirmed, place an order with the factory and arrange the production plan.

5. Business approval: After receiving the order, the business department first makes a business approval form. Fill in the items in the "Export Contract Audit Form" truthfully, and list all kinds of estimated expenses as far as possible. The contract approval shall be accompanied by the fax of the customer's order and the purchase contract with the factory. The audit form should be signed by the salesman, approved by the department manager, and then submitted to the management for approval before implementation. If the amount is large, or there are terms such as advance payment and commission, it must be approved by the general manager of the company. After the contract is approved, a sales order will be made and handed over to the department process personnel for follow-up.

6. Issuing production notice: after the delivery date is determined, the business department can issue production notice to inform the factory to produce on time if the following conditions are met:

6. 1: If the customer pays by letter of credit, it is usually confirmed to receive the letter of credit 1 month before the delivery date. After receiving the letter of credit, the salesman and the voucher clerk should review the letter of credit separately to check whether there are any mistakes, whether the delivery date can be guaranteed and other possible problems can occur. If there is any problem, the customer should be asked to change the letter of credit immediately.

6.2: If it is a T/T payment customer, confirm that the deposit has been received.

6.3: If it is a lending customer or receives foreign exchange through bank D/A, it needs the manager's confirmation. 7. Check:

7. 1: One week before the delivery date, notify the company inspector to inspect the goods.

7.2: If the guest wants to inspect the goods by himself or the designated inspector, he should ask the customer to inspect the goods one week before the delivery date and inform the planning department of the inspection date.

7.3: If the guest designates a third-party inspection company or a fair company to inspect the goods, he should contact the inspection company two weeks before the delivery date to make an appointment for the inspection time, so as to ensure that the time is arranged before the delivery date. Notify the factory of the inspection time after confirmation.

8. Prepare basic documents. Make export contract, export commercial invoice, packing list and other documents (which should be made by the business merchandiser and handed over to the voucher clerk) based on the packaging information provided by the factory.

9. Commodity inspection: If the products are legally inspected by the state, the requirements for commodity inspection should be clearly stated when ordering from the factory, and export contracts, invoices and other materials needed for commodity inspection should be provided. But also tell the factory the export port of future products so that the factory can handle commodity inspection. You should get the inspection certificate/bill one week before delivery. 10. Booking: 10. 1. If the contract signed with the guest is FOB China, the guest usually designates a transportation agent or shipping company. You should contact the freight forwarder as soon as possible to inform the delivery intention and understand the export port to be arranged, the shipping schedule, etc. And q confirm whether the factory delivery can be earlier than at least one week before the sailing date and whether the shipping schedule can meet the delivery date required by the guests. The written booking form should be sent to the freight company two weeks before the delivery date, and it can usually be obtained one week before sailing.

10.2. If the freight is paid by the seller, it should consult the freight company or shipping company as soon as possible about the shipping schedule, freight rate, sailing port and other matters.

After comparison, we choose a shipping company with favorable price, good reputation and suitable sailing schedule, and tell the salesman to inform the guests. If the guest disagrees, choose another shipping company recognized by the guest. Book the warehouse in writing two weeks before sailing, and the procedure is the same as above.

10.3. If the goods are not enough for a small cabinet and need bulk goods, book the location of bulk goods with the freight forwarding company. When you get the warehouse receipt, you should also know the customs clearance time, warehousing declaration requirements and so on.

10.4. When booking shipping space from a transportation company, a written shipping space booking form must be faxed, indicating the scheduled shipping date, container type and quantity, destination port, etc. In order to avoid mistakes. 1 1. Arrange cabinet traction:

1 1. 1. After the goods are ready and qualified, entrust the trailer company to hoist the cabinet. Trailer companies should choose safe and reliable companies with reasonable prices to sign long-term cooperation agreements to ensure safety and punctuality. Fax the following information to the trailer company: warehouse confirmation/container release form, shipping company, warehouse number, container towing power of attorney, indicating container loading time, container type and quantity, container loading address, customs broker and loading port. If the inspection company looks at the container, it should specifically state that it cannot be late. And asked to send back a copy of the cabinet information, listing the cabinet number, license plate number, driver and contact number.

1 1.2. Fax a copy of the loading information to the factory, indicating the loading time, cabinet type, warehouse order number, order number, license plate number and driver's contact telephone number.

1 1.3. The factory is required to fax a loading notice to the business department as soon as the container leaves the factory, indicating the departure time of the container and the actual loading quantity. And record the package number and seal number as the information of the bill of lading. The factory is required to remember to put a seal on the cabinet after loading it.

12. Entrusted customs declaration: at the same time, the documents required for customs declaration are handed over to the cooperative customs broker, and the export customs declaration and commodity inspection are entrusted for customs clearance. There is usually two days for customs declaration (before the ship is intercepted). When consigning for customs declaration, you should provide a container loading information, including cargo and quantity, port, shipping company, warehouse number, container number, sailing and closing time, trailer company, container type and quantity, our company contact person and telephone number, etc. 13. Obtain transport documents:

13. 1. The contents of the bill of lading should be faxed to the shipping company or freight forwarder within two days after sailing at the latest. Supplementary information should be made according to the letter of credit or customer's requirements, and the correct quantity of goods and some special requirements should be given, including the shipping certificate issued by the shipping company attached to the bill of lading.

13.2. Urge shipping companies to issue samples of bills of lading and waybills as soon as possible. After carefully checking the samples, confirm the contents of the bill of lading to the shipping company in writing. If the bill of lading needs to be confirmed by the guest, you should fax the sample of the bill of lading to the guest first, and then ask the shipping company to issue the original after confirmation.

13.3. Pay the freight and miscellaneous fees in time, and notify the shipping company to obtain the transportation documents such as bill of lading after payment. Payment of freight should be registered.

14. Prepare other documents

14. 1. commercial invoice: among the documents required by the letter of credit, the commercial invoice is the most stringent. The invoice date should be determined after the opening date and before the delivery date. The description of the goods on the invoice should be exactly the same as that on the letter of credit, and the figures and amounts on the text should be correct. The invoice terms in the letter of credit should be displayed, and the shipping mark should also be displayed. If the invoice needs to be certified by the other embassy, it usually needs to be processed 20 days in advance.

14.2. format certificate of origin: you should apply to the inspection and quarantine bureau for format certificate of origin before delivery. It should be noted that the date of transportation should be before the delivery date and sailing date of the letter of credit and after the invoice date. If it fails to be handled before delivery, it is necessary to provide customs declaration, bill of lading and other documents for certification. For the goods transshipped through Hong Kong, it is usually necessary for China Commodity Inspection Company in Hong Kong to sign Certificate A to prove that the goods have not been reprocessed in Hong Kong.

14.3. general certificate of origin: general certificate of origin can be handled in the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade, with lower requirements. It can be reissued not too long after delivery. If the certificate of origin needs the signature of the embassy, it must be processed 20 days in advance, just like an invoice.

14.4. Shipping notice: generally, it is required to inform the guests of the details of delivery within a few days after sailing, including the name of the ship, flight number, sailing date, expected arrival date, goods and quantity, amount, number of pieces, shipping marks, port of destination agent, etc. sometimes

Letter of credit requires proof of delivery, such as fax report, mailing list, etc. , and pay attention to the processing within the time required by the guests. 14.5. packing list: the packing list should clearly indicate the packaging of the goods. It should show the quantity, gross weight, net weight and outer box size of each box. The total volume calculated according to the size of the outer box should be consistent with the indicated total volume. For the convenience of guests, the shipping mark and container number should be displayed. The weight and volume of the packing list should be consistent with the bill of lading. 15. Presentation:

15. 1. If a letter of credit is used to collect foreign exchange, all documents should be prepared within the specified prompt time, and carefully reviewed before being submitted to the bank for negotiation.

15.2. If remittance is received by telegraphic transfer, fax it to the guest immediately after obtaining the bill of lading, and then send the original bill of lading and other documents to the guest after confirming that the balance has been received.

15.3. If T/T collects foreign exchange, it is required to collect the full amount for the counter, and then arrange to tow the counter after collection. You can send the original to the guests as soon as you get the bill of lading.

16. enterprise registration: after each export business is completed, it should be registered in time, including computer registration and written registration, so as to facilitate future inquiry and statistics.

17. Document archiving: All documents, letters of credit and negotiation documents must be kept in one set for future reference.

18. Documentary clerks should pay attention to collecting information such as freight rate change, delivery date and route. , and help the salesman to quote. Documents to be attached to the customs declaration form for export goods.

The documents to be attached to the export goods declaration form include: (1) contract; (2) invoices; (3) packing list; (4) Cargo manifest (manifest); (5) Bill of Lading (transportation);

(6) An agreement on customs declaration; (7) Import and export licenses;

(8) Processing trade manuals (paper or electronic data) and other relevant import and export documents required by the customs. The customs shall keep the original import and export license, and the remaining documents may be kept in copies or photocopies.

Before the actual import and export of the goods, the customs has made a pre-classification decision on the goods. The consignor and consignor of import and export goods and the entrusted customs declaration enterprise shall submit a pre-classification decision to the customs when actually declaring import and export goods. Inspection and change of certificates

1. When applying for cancellation of inspection, the inspection applicant shall explain the reasons in writing and go through the cancellation procedures only after approval. 2. If quarantine is not contacted within 30 days after inspection, the inspection will be cancelled automatically. 3. In any of the following circumstances, the inspection shall be re-applied: (1) The inspection and quarantine period has expired;

(two) the import country or region is changed, and the inspection and quarantine requirements are different; (3) Changing the packaging or reassembling; (4) The inspection has been cancelled.

4. When applying for the change certificate, the inspection applicant shall fill in the change application form, attach relevant supporting documents such as letters and telegrams, and submit the restored certificate form, and go through the change formalities only after approval. The name, quantity (weight), inspection and quarantine results, packaging, consignor and consignee of the goods are inconsistent with the contract and letter of credit, or with the laws and regulations of the importing and exporting countries or regions. The whole container circulation process

1. The consignor configures containers at the goods packaging place of his own factory or warehouse;

2, the shipper in their own factory or warehouse goods packing place, packing;

3. Transport container goods to container terminals through inland transportation;

4. According to the freight yard plan, temporarily store the container goods in the opposite freight yard, waiting for shipment.

5. According to the loading plan, ship the container goods.

6. Unload the container at the loading port by sea.

7. Unload the container goods from the ship according to the unloading plan.

8. Temporarily store the container goods in the freight yard according to the freight yard plan, waiting for the consignee to pick up the goods.

9. Transport container goods to the consignee's factory and warehouse by inland transportation.

10, the box position of the consignee in his factory and warehouse.

1 1. Empty container was returned.

At present, shipping companies still occupy a major position in container transportation. Therefore, as the hub of international container transportation, it is extremely important for shipping companies to do a good job in container equipment, master the supply situation, rationally allocate containers between ports, accept booking, and provide various services for shippers with container terminals and freight stations as agents. In a sense, whether the container can be carried out smoothly depends on the operation mode of the shipping company. In the container export freight business, the main businesses of shipping companies are:

1. Knowing the source of goods to be shipped, the shipping company usually knows the source of goods to be shipped in the following two ways, and makes an empty container plan accordingly: tentative cabin-the so-called tentative cabin is proposed about 30 days before the ship arrives in Hong Kong. Because the source of the goods is known earlier, it is difficult to determine whether these goods can be loaded on the scheduled ship, and it is also difficult to determine whether the final consignment quantity of these goods is accurate. Confirmed booking-the so-called confirmed booking is usually put forward 7- 10 days before the ship arrives in Hong Kong, and the specific name of the ship and the date of shipment can generally be determined. 2. Equipped with containers

No matter which mode of transportation is adopted in container transportation, the fact that goods are packed in containers cannot be changed. Therefore, before container transportation, the first thing to say is to equip containers, especially when using special container ships for transportation. Because of the special structure of this ship, it can only be transported in containers. Therefore, shipping companies operating special container ships need to be equipped with containers suitable for special container loading and transportation. Of course, in actual business, not all containers are equipped by shipping companies, and some shippers are also equipped with containers themselves. In addition, there are container leasing companies specializing in leasing. In order to effectively utilize the container carrying capacity of ships, shipping companies should be equipped with a minimum number of containers, and special containers should be equipped when transporting special goods.

3. The consignor or consignor of the consigned goods shall, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the trade contract and the letter of credit, put forward suggestions for booking shipping space to the shipping company or other agents orally or in writing before the time limit for shipment of the goods. The shipping company decides whether to accept the consignment application of these goods according to the transportation requirements and the preparation of containers. After the shipping company or its agent signs the booking form, it means that it has agreed to accept the transportation of the goods. When accepting consignment, shipping companies should generally know the following information: (1) the details of the goods ordered; (2) transportation requirements;

(3) the port of loading, the port of discharge and the place of delivery; (4) Who is responsible for arranging inland transportation;

(5) Type and specification of container. Accept goods

(1) Under container transportation, the shipping company accepts the goods at the container terminal yard.

All goods accepted by the container terminal yard are full containers packed by the consignor or container freight station and transported to the terminal yard. Container freight station. Container freight station accepts non-FCL goods as an agent of the shipping company. Deliver goods

A factory or warehouse. When the shipping company is responsible for arranging inland transportation, it will accept the whole container transportation at the shipper's factory or warehouse. (2) In the above three ways of acceptance, the shipping company should understand:

Whether it is necessary to borrow empty containers; Number and type of containers required; Time and place of collecting empty containers; Who is responsible for arranging inland transportation; The specific packaging location of the goods; About something special.

5. Goods accepted for loading by various means shall be stored in the yard according to the yard plan, and can be loaded after the ship berths. All the loading work is done by the dock. 6. Preparation and delivery of main shipping documents In order to send the shipping notice to the consignee in time and make the container terminal yard at the destination port prepare the unloading plan and related inland transportation, the shipping company or its agent will immediately prepare the relevant shipping documents and deliver them to the unloading port as soon as possible. Usually, the documents prepared and sent by the shipping company at the loading port are: (1) a copy of the bill of lading or a copy of the dock receipt; (2) List of container numbers; (3) List of goods; (4) Container packing list; (5) stowage plan;

(6) A report on the damage of the loaded goods; (7) List of special items, etc. Liner shipping freight procedures

Commitment to transport or sell goods

Solicitation refers to the behavior of shipping companies engaged in liner shipping operations in order to make full use of the load and capacity of their liner shipping vessels, strive for goods from shippers, and strive to achieve "full load" in order to obtain the best operating benefits. The actual effect of cargo collection directly affects the operating efficiency of the shipping company and the success or failure of liner transportation. In order to collect goods, liner companies should first make a timetable for the liner routes they operate, the ports where ships call and their arrival and departure times, distribute them to the original customers who have established business relations, and publish them in relevant shipping journals, so that customers can understand the liner shipping routes and timetables operated by the company, so as to contact and arrange freight and strive for supply.

booking cargo space

Booking space refers to the act that the shipper or his agent applies to the carrier, that is, the liner company or its business office or agency, and the carrier promises this application. There is no need to sign a contract of carriage between the carrier and the shipper, but through oral agreement or booking of shipping space. As long as the shipping company gives a commitment to this agreement and registers it in the shipping space register, it shows that it supports the two sides to establish a relationship about cargo transportation.

load

Shipment means that the shipper delivers the consigned goods to the side of the ship carrying the goods at the dock, and then loads the goods onto the ship. If the ship is working at anchorage or pontoon bridge, the shipper should also be responsible for barging the goods to the side of the ship for handover, and then loading them on board, which is also called direct loading. For some special goods, such as dangerous goods, frozen goods, fresh goods and valuable goods, direct shipping is often used. In liner shipping, in order to improve the loading efficiency, reduce the berthing time of ships in the port and avoid delaying the loading time, centralized loading is usually adopted. Centralized loading means that the shipping company appoints loading agents at each loading port, accepts the goods sent by the shipper at the designated place (usually the dock warehouse) at each loading port, and after handling the handover procedures, concentrates the goods and properly sorts them according to the unloading order before loading. dump

Unloading refers to unloading the goods carried by the ship from the ship at the unloading port, giving them to the consignee or on behalf of the consignee, and handling the handover procedures of the goods. According to the arrival telegram sent by the ship, the shipping company's agent at the unloading port, on the one hand, prepares relevant documents to arrange berths, prepares the import procedures of the ship, and agrees that the loading and unloading company will wait for unloading after the ship enters the port, on the other hand, informs the consignee of the scheduled arrival time of the ship, so that the consignee can make timely preparations for receiving the goods. In liner shipping, in order to make different kinds of goods belonging to multiple consignees unload quickly within the limited berthing time of the ship, the centralized unloading method is usually adopted, that is, the loading and unloading company designated by the shipping company is responsible for unloading the goods and delivering them to the consignees. In case of accidental unloading, the ship and the loading and unloading company should carefully unload the goods according to the manifest and other relevant documents to avoid mistakes. However, due to various reasons, it is inevitable that the goods that should have been unloaded at other ports are not unloaded in Hong Kong, or the goods that should have been unloaded in Hong Kong are not unloaded. The former is usually called overflow, and the latter is called short discharge. Overdischarge and short discharge are collectively referred to as accidental discharge. In general, there are clauses in the bill of lading about the loss or damage caused by the delay in the transfer of goods due to accidental unloading. Usually, the shipping company is required to bear the cost of delayed delivery or damage to the goods caused by accidental unloading, but the shipping company is not liable for compensation. If the accidental unloading is caused by unclear, incomplete or wrong marks, and it is caused by the fault of the shipowner, all the expenses of re-shipment, return, unloading and storage shall be borne by the shipowner, and the shipping company shall not be responsible. In the actual delivery business, the shipping company delivers the goods to the consignee by the bill of lading. The specific process is that the consignee gives the bill of lading to the shipping company's agent at the unloading port, and the agent issues the bill of lading to the consignee after checking it, and then the consignee takes the bill of lading to the dock warehouse to pick up the goods, and goes through the handover procedures with the unloading agent. Delivery methods of goods include warehouse delivery, ship delivery, cargo owner's choice of unloading port delivery, change of unloading port delivery, guaranteed delivery, etc. The shipper chooses the unloading port to deliver the goods, which means that when the goods are loaded, the shipper has not determined the specific unloading port. After the ship sails, the shipper will choose the most convenient or favorable unloading port, and then unload and deliver the goods at this port. Changing the port of discharge means unloading and delivery at a port other than the port of discharge recorded in the bill of lading. Delivery by letter of guarantee means that the consignee cannot deliver the bill of lading in exchange for delivery by bill of lading. According to the general shipping practice, the consignee often issues a letter of guarantee in exchange for a bill of lading, and then takes delivery with the bill of lading.

letter of indemnity

A guarantee is a guarantee. For convenience, shipping companies and banks have printed a certain format of guarantee. Its functions include delivering goods by letter of guarantee, issuing clean bills of lading by letter of guarantee and countersigning advance bills of lading by letter of guarantee. In the case of delivery by letter of guarantee, the consignee promises to return the full set of original bill of lading to the shipping company immediately after receiving the bill of lading, and bear the responsibility of freight and other expenses payable by the consignee; Be responsible for all losses caused by the failure to submit the bill of lading, and show that the bank and the consignee are jointly and severally liable for the contents of the letter of guarantee. Issue a bill of lading with a letter of guarantee, so that the shipper can settle foreign exchange smoothly with the clean bill of lading and the on-board bill of lading. The Hague Rules and Visby Rules do not stipulate the legal effect of the letter of guarantee. Considering the practical significance of letter of guarantee in shipping business and the need to protect innocent third parties, Hamburg Rules clearly stipulated the validity of letter of guarantee for the first time. The letter of guarantee is an agreement between the carrier and the shipper, and shall not be against a third party. The letter of guarantee between the carrier and the shipper is valid only if there is no intention to deceive a third party. If it is found that the carrier intentionally deceives a third party, the carrier shall not enjoy the limitation of liability when compensating the third party, and the letter of guarantee shall be invalid.