winter leek cultivation in Hanzhong has a long history. It originated in the area of Guojielou Village near Hanjiang River in Hanzhong City, southern Shaanxi Province. After long-term natural selection and careful cultivation by local vegetable farmers, winter leek has been widely planted in counties and cities in Hanzhong area. Winter leek is rich in nutrition, and its carotene content is second only to carrot, twice as much as scallion and 27 times more than celery. It also contains aromatic volatile essential oil and sulfide, which is the reason why leek has special fragrance and bactericidal effect. Because of its spicy flavor, it can be used as seasoning, fried, cold, soup, stuffing, and a little blending, all of which are fragrant and delicious. Leek is also a good medicine. Leaves and roots have the effects of exciting, removing blood stasis, promoting blood circulation, stopping bleeding, stopping diarrhea, tonifying the middle warmer, helping the liver and dredging collaterals, which is helpful for the treatment of traumatic injury, choking diaphragm, nausea, enteritis, hematemesis and chest pain. Leek seed is a stimulant, which has the functions of fixing sperm, supporting yang, tonifying kidney, treating leukorrhagia and warming waist and knees. Therefore, Chinese medicine calls leek "Yang-activating grass".
geographical scope
Hanzhong city, Shaanxi province, known as "tianhan" in ancient times, is located in the southwest of Shaanxi province, with Qinling Mountain in the north and Bashan Mountain in the south. Gansu in the west, Sichuan in the south, Ankang in the east and the three cities of Xi 'an, Xianyang and Baoji in the north. Geographical coordinates: 15 3 ′ 5 ″-18 16 ′ 45 ″ east longitude, 32 8 ′ 54 ″-33 53 ′ 16 ″ north latitude. The altitude of Pingchuan five counties and one district is about 5±1m, with a total area of 27,17.5 square kilometers.
winter leek in Hanzhong city, Shaanxi province is a traditional peasant leek variety, which is planted in five counties and one district of Hanzhong basin, including Dahekan town, Liangshan town and Chengguan town in Nanzheng county. Bowang Town, Sanhe Town, Liulin Town, Wen Chuan Town and Cuijiashan Town in Chenggu County; Guanxi Town, Yangzhou Town, Yishui Town, Xiecun Town and Ma Chang Town in Yangxian County; Mianyang Town, Wuhou Town, Dingjun Town, Changlin Town, Huangsha Town, Jin Quan Town, Yuandun Town and Laodaosi Town in Mianxian County; Chengguan Town, Geshi Township and Yankou Town of Xixiang County; There are 31 township offices in longjiang town, seven town, Puzhen, Zongying Town, Shujiaying, Beiguan Office and Hanzhong Road Office in Hantai District, planting more than 2,6 mu of winter leeks in Hanzhong all the year round, with an annual output of 6,5 tons.
Natural ecological environment and human and historical factors
(1) Soil landform: Hanzhong Basin is a valley and basin developed on the basis of the rift between Qinling and Daba Mountains. Taking Hanzhong Basin as the center, it extends to the main ridges of Qinling Mountain and Daba Mountain, and there are flat dams, hills, low mountains and middle mountains in turn, which are belt-shaped geomorphological features. Along the banks of the Han River, there are alluvial plains formed by the Han River, and its soil is cotton sandy soil. After thousands of years of cultivation by vegetable farmers, the soil has been improved to be close to loam. The soil is neutral to weakly acidic, and the pH value is about 6.5.
(2) Hydrological situation: There are two major rivers in Hanzhong, namely Hanjiang River and Jialing River. The surface rivers are rich in runoff. There are 528 tributaries in the two major rivers, and the Hanjiang River basin accounts for 72.2% of the total area of the whole region, with 34 tributaries. Jialing River basin covers an area of 27.8%, with 188 tributaries. The total annual runoff of the whole region is 14.41 billion cubic meters, of which 69.3% comes from Hanjiang River basin. The average sediment concentration of Jialing River is 8.6 kg/m3; Due to the scarcity of vegetation and frequent human activities, the average sediment concentration in the upper reaches of the Hanjiang River for many years is 2.36Kg/m3, and the average sediment concentration in other reaches is less than 1.Kg/m3.
The natural water quality in Hanzhong is good, and most of them are suitable for drinking, breeding, agriculture and industrial use. Generally, it belongs to bicarbonate and carbonate water. Hanjiang water is weakly acidic with a pH of 6.5-6.8 and a total hardness of 68-81mg/L, which is soft water. Jialing River is weakly acidic with a pH of 6.2-6.7 and a total hardness of 83-91mg/L, which is slightly hard water.
the groundwater content in Hanzhong city is generally rich, but it is unevenly distributed under the influence of topography, water-bearing rocks and precipitation distribution, with significant regional differences. The general trend is that the water abundance in the southern part of the city is better than that in the northern part, and the water abundance in the basin area is better than that in the hilly and mountainous areas. Two groundwater distribution areas are formed: the Pingba area of Hanjiang River and the high-order and low-hilly areas of red clay. Among them, the flat dam area of the Hanjiang River mainly includes the floodplain and the first and second terraces of the Hanjiang River and its tributaries. The Hanshui rock stratum is mainly Holocene modern alluvial gravel and sub-sandy soil layer, with the aquifer thickness of 2-5m, and the diving depth is about 1m in the floodplain zone, with the first terrace buried 2-3m and the second terrace buried 3-6m. The high-order and low-hilly areas of red clay mainly include the third and fourth terraces and low-hilly areas of Hanjiang River, and the water-bearing strata are sand clay, loam and clay deposited in Quaternary alluvial lakes. The water-bearing thickness is about 5-4 meters, and the buried depth of the phreatic layer is above 6-32 meters.
(3) Climatic conditions: Hanzhong has good climatic conditions. The towering Qinling Mountains prevent the Siberian cold current from advancing in winter, and the winding Daba Mountain draws warm and humid air from the Indian Ocean northward along the canyon, forming a subtropical climate. The climate here is mild and the rainfall is abundant. The average annual temperature in Pingchuan area is 14.3℃, and the annual sunshine is 16-18 hours. The average annual relative humidity in five counties and one district of Pingba, Hanzhong is 77-8%. In a year, it is smaller in winter and spring, and larger in summer and autumn, among which the relative humidity in September and October is the highest in the whole year, both between 8-86%. 75-8% in winter and March. The rainfall is 871.8mm,
the frost-free period is 254 days, the accumulated temperature is ≥1℃ and 448℃, there is no severe cold in winter and no intense heat in summer, with abundant water, lush bamboo and trees, birds and flowers, and it is known as the "Little Jiangnan" and "Golden Ouyu Basin" in the northwest.
(4) human and historical situation: winter leek in Hanzhong has a long history of cultivation, which has developed from a traditional farm variety in Hanzhong to a local famous variety in Shaanxi. As an important excellent leek variety resource in China, it has been listed in China Vegetable Variety Records. The discovery of winter leek in Hanzhong was very accidental. In 1956, while investigating the famous vegetable varieties in Shaanxi Province, the vegetable expert Ren Shijian, a researcher in Shaanxi Province, found a very excellent peasant leek variety in Guojielou Village, Hanshui Township, Hanzhong City. The locals called it winter leek (because there was another kind of leek in the local area). Before that, I don't know how many dynasties it had been planted, and no one can tell when it started, but the locals found that it was more cold-resistant and heat-resistant, with higher yield and better quality than ordinary leeks. The expert who was appointed as a provincial expert found that this peasant variety had many precious economic characters, such as high yield and high quality, especially its cold tolerance and heat resistance, which other leeks did not have, so he introduced it into Shaanxi Vegetable Research Institute and named it Hanzhong Winter Leek, which was planted in Wugong and Xi 'an successively and performed well. It is also among the best in the province's leek variety resource garden. As a result, this peasant variety of unknown dynasties has become an excellent variety in Shaanxi Province under the name of "Winter Leek in Hanzhong". In the 195s, leek yellow produced by winter leek in Hanzhong was airlifted to Beijing by special plane to be used for state banquets for foreign guests. This greatly improved the popularity of winter leek in Hanzhong. In 196s, winter leek in Hanzhong was introduced to Shandong, and in 197s, it was introduced to Tianjin. After trial planting in both places, winter leek in Hanzhong performed very well. In 1982, Shaanxi Provincial Variety Approval Committee recognized Hanzhong Winter Leek as one of the first local varieties of famous vegetables. In 1986, it was recognized by Shandong Crop Variety Approval Committee and Tianjin Crop Variety Approval Committee in 1987. This leek variety scattered in farmers has become a rare variety famous in China. In 1991, winter leek in Hanzhong was incorporated into Famous and Excellent Vegetables and Their Cultivation in China (Shanghai Science and Technology Publishing House) and was selected into the book Vegetable Cultivation in China (Northern Edition).
technical requirements for production
(1) selection of producing area: the selection of producing area of winter leek in Hanzhong should meet the environmental conditions standard NY/51-22 for producing areas of pollution-free vegetables.
(2) Variety selection and specific requirements: Select seeds with typical characteristics of winter leek in Hanzhong as production seeds.
(3) production process management: the production process of winter leek in Hanzhong should conform to the technical regulations of pollution-free leek production NY/T52-21.
(4) product harvesting and post-harvest treatment: winter leek in Hanzhong has been on the market all year round, and its green leek in greenhouse was harvested in Hanzhong as early as mid-February. After harvesting, it was preliminarily sorted, and the silt and impurities were removed. It was tied into 1kg small bundles, packed in bamboo baskets or cartons, and sold on the market.
(5) Production record requirements:
① Record the date of farming operation in detail;
② Accurately record the harvest date, product type and quantity (product type refers to green leek, leek yellow, leek stalk, seeds, etc.);
③ records of agricultural inputs: a type, dosage, use time and times of fertilizer;
b pesticide type, concentration, date of use and times of use;
④ Accurately record the planting years of Chinese chives in different areas.
Typical product quality characteristics and product quality and safety regulations
(1) Botanical characteristics: Hanzhong winter leek was identified as a tetraploid crop by Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, which is the internal factor that Hanzhong winter leek is superior to other leek varieties (all diploid crops).
The plant of winter leek in Hanzhong is 4-5 cm taller than common leek. The leaf cluster is semi-erect, and a single plant can keep 5-7 leaves; The leaves are flat, slightly triangular, fleshy, wide, 32-42 cm long, generally about .8-1.1 cm wide, up to 1.7-1.9 cm wide, light green, with a blunt tip, a leaf sheath with a thickness of .5-.7 cm, yellowish white and a nearly round cross section.
(2) Intrinsic quality: winter leek in Hanzhong is a rare vegetable, with wide and tender leaves, bright color and positive taste, spicy and fragrant flavor, less fiber, rich nutrition, excellent quality and good commodity. Its carotene content is also very rich. Every 1g of fresh leek contains 3.26mg of carotene, which is second only to carrots, twice as much as scallion (1.48mg) and 27 times more than celery (.11mg). At the same time, leek also contains aromatic volatile essential oil and propylene sulfide, which is the reason why it has special fragrance and bactericidal effect. Eating can stimulate appetite, help digestion, increase appetite, promote blood circulation and qi, nourish stomach and black hair.
(3) safety requirements: the quality and safety standard of winter leek in Hanzhong should meet the quality and safety standard of pollution-free leek NY/51-21.
package labeling and other relevant regulations
The words "Hanzhong Winter Leek" should be clearly marked on the package. Each package shall be marked with the place of production, product standard number, trademark, name of production unit, detailed address, specifications, net content, collection date and packaging date, etc., and the handwriting on the mark shall be clear, complete and accurate.