Safety construction organization design for manual digging of a highway

1. Basis and scope of preparation:

(1) Basis of preparation

1. "Technical Specifications for Design and Construction of Highway Traffic Safety Facilities" (JTJ74-94)

2. "Technical Specifications for Highway Engineering Construction Safety" (JTJ76-95)

3. "Design Document for the Tenth Contract Section of Yantian Port Branch of Shenzhen Jihe Expressway"

4. Relevant national, provincial and municipal safety laws and regulations

(2) Scope of preparation:

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The tenth contract section (K1 500~K2 450) of the Jihe Expressway Yantian Port Branch Project (K1 500 ~ K2 450) Yantian Road Overpass Bridge and Yong'an South Road Overpass Bridge Pile Foundation.

II. Project Overview:

The sites of the Yantian Road Overpass Bridge and the Yong'an South Road Overpass Bridge are located in Yantian Port. The starting and ending points of the Yantian Road Overpass Bridge are K1 582.492～K1 927.495, center pile number K1 740, total length of the bridge 345.003 meters, span 4x 30 (30 40 30) 4x30m, and 100 bridge pile foundations. The starting and ending points of the Yong'an South Road Overpass Bridge are K2 206.412~K2 331.59, and the center pile number is K2 350. The total length of the bridge is 125.178 meters, the span is 4 x 30m, and there are 58 bridge pile foundations. Bridge technical standards: design load: automobile - over 20, trailer - 120; bridge cross-section: (0.5m net 19.75m 0.5m) x 2; earthquake intensity: designed according to degree Ⅶ, fortified at degree Ⅷ.

3. Preparation plan:

(1) Causes of safety accidents

The main causes of safety accidents in pile foundation construction are as follows:

(1 ) Objects falling from the ground or from high altitude

(2) Electricity usage

(3) Lifting tools malfunction

(4) Lifting tools and debris falling

(5) Blasting

(6) Toxic gas appears in the pile hole causing suffocation of personnel.

In response to the above safety accidents, our department has formulated the following safety construction regulations and taken necessary measures.

(2) Safety construction measures:

First of all, the relevant provisions of the "Technical Specifications for Safety in Highway Engineering Construction" (JTJ076-95) must be strictly implemented, and the following measures must be taken:

(1) Workers engaged in digging pile operations should select strong young men, and must undergo health examinations and safe operation training such as underground, high altitude, electricity, hoisting and simple mechanical operations, and pass the assessment. before entering the site for construction.

(2) Before reviewing construction drawings and excavation of pile holes, carefully study geological data, pay attention to possible quicksand, piping, water gushing, harmful gases, etc., and formulate targeted protection measures measure. If there are any doubts about safe construction, a report should be made to the relevant unit in a timely manner.

(3) When excavation of pile holes, first investigate and understand the changes in the ground and adjacent slopes. Where the pile hole construction platform is close to the slope, measures must be taken to reinforce the slope, remove boulders on the slope, and set up interception ditches and safety nets on the upper side to prevent rainwater from soaking the slope and boulders rolling down. The excavated earth and stone should be transported out of the country in time. No residual mud and debris shall be piled up within 2m around the opening. In order to prevent people and objects on the ground from falling into the pile hole, guardrails and safety nets must be installed around the hole (except for the excavated position at the wellhead). Personnel who cooperate with the hole should concentrate on closely monitoring the situation inside the hole, actively cooperate with the personnel inside the hole, and stay at their posts during construction. When delivering tools and items up and down in the hole, it is strictly prohibited to throw them; strictly prevent objects from the hole from falling into the pile hole.

(4) The installation and removal of all power supplies and electrical appliances in the construction site must be operated by certified electricians; electrical appliances must be strictly grounded, connected to zero, and leakage protectors must be used. Switch boxes and distribution rooms are exclusively used. There are rainproof box covers and canopies, and are equipped with fire extinguishing facilities. Electrical equipment must have a certificate of conformity. After installation, electrical equipment must be inspected and accepted before use.

(5) All equipment, facilities, devices, tools, accessories and personal labor protection supplies at the construction site must be inspected frequently to ensure their intactness and safe use. The electric hoist, slag bucket (cage), etc. used by workers and staff to get up and down the pile holes must be qualified mechanical equipment and equipped with automatic clamping safety devices. Safety ropes and safety belts must be fastened to prevent sudden power outages. Do not use manual rope pulling to transport people or step on pile holes under the flange of the protective wall. The electric hoist adopts a push-button switch. Special personnel will be arranged to strictly inspect before and after work and add enough lubricating oil every day to ensure that the switch is flexible and accurate; the iron chain is not damaged, has a safety buckle and is not knotted; and the steel wire rope has no broken wires. The bracket should be stable and firm, and its safe lifting capacity should be checked before use. A soft ladder or safety rope or ventilation pipe must be placed in the pile hole and extended to the working surface as the digging depth increases, as an emergency backup. Hoisting equipment must be qualified, and installation can only be used after passing inspection.

(6) For construction waste transportation wire ropes and pulleys, the steel wire ropes and pulleys must be installed stably. The steel wire ropes used for transportation should not be less than ￠14mm, and the tensile force must not be less than 10KN. A tension test should be conducted before use, and lubricating oil should be coated every time it is used. , Reduce the friction between the steel wire and the pulley. The steel wire rope should be tensioned frequently and replaced immediately if it fails. If the wire rope is hairless or slippery, it should be replaced immediately; the diameter of the slag bucket should not be larger than half the diameter of the pile, and the height should not be greater than 1 m. The earrings of the slag bucket should be welded firmly, the hook should have anti-skid insurance, and be tied firmly to the wire rope. It can only be used after testing and inspection. Use; Put the slag in the slag bucket at the bottom, and leave a height of 10cm on the edge to prevent the slag from leaking out. When transporting, start when the height is about 0.5-1.0m, then stop, and use manual stabilization before transporting;

(7) For rock formation blasting in the hole, the shallow hole loosening blasting method is used; during blasting, tests are first conducted outside the hole to determine the depth of the hole in the different rock formations, the amount of explosives, and the loosening area. Only after passing the test can the construction blasting in the hole be carried out. ; Electric detonator blasting is used for blasting, and fuses are not allowed to be used to detonate; single-eye blasting is used for blasting, multi-eye blasting is not allowed, the holes are covered with earth bags, and the hole walls are surrounded by templates and supported and fixed; all workers in the holes are removed from the holes during blasting In addition, make sure that no one is outside the pile hole and near the hole mouth before detonating; ventilation and smoke exhaust must be no less than 15 minutes after blasting in the hole, and the air volume must be no less than 25L/S.

(8) When the excavation depth of the pile hole exceeds 5 meters, the accumulated water in the pile hole should be drained before starting every day, and a blower or large fan should be used to blow air into the hole for 5 minutes to make the hole The turbid air in the hole is discharged, and the toxic gas in the hole is detected. It is generally appropriate to use instruments for testing, but simple methods can also be used; for example, put small animals such as rabbits or mice in the cage and place them at the bottom of the pile holes for no less than 10 minutes. After checking that the ecology of the small animals is normal, the worker Only before drilling can be carried out. When the hole depth exceeds 10 meters, the ground should be equipped with special equipment to supply air into the hole, and the air volume should not be less than 25L/S. When drilling at the bottom of the hole, the air supply volume should be increased.

(9) Workers in pile holes should abide by the following regulations: ①Must wear safety helmets and insulating rubber shoes; ②It is strictly prohibited to operate after drinking; no smoking is allowed in the hole; no use is allowed in the hole Open fire; ③ The holes should be rotated every 4 hours of work, and the rotation should not exceed 2 hours when working with water; ④ When excavating complex soil layers, use a hand drill or a steel bar of no less than φ16mm to drill the bottom of the hole every 0.5 to 1 meter deep. Carry out a zigzag inspection to see if there are caves, sand gushing, etc. below the bottom of the hole. Only after it is confirmed to be safe can you continue to dig; ⑤ Pay careful attention to all the dynamics in the hole, such as when you find bad omens such as quicksand, water gushing, deformation of the retaining wall, or smelly gas. , the operation should be stopped and evacuated quickly; ⑥ When the pile hole is dug below 5 meters, a semicircular protective cover should be installed on the retaining wall flange about 3 meters above the bottom of the hole. The protective cover can be made of steel (wood) plate or Made of dense mesh steel (wire) mesh.

When going up and down the bucket, the operator must stand under the protective cover, stop digging, and pay attention to safety; if large rocks are being lifted, all workers in the hole should evacuate to the ground before lifting; ⑦ When drilling rocks in the hole, use Wet operations should be carried out, and ventilation, dust prevention and personal protection should be strengthened; 8. If blasting occurs in a hole, all workers must evacuate to the ground before detonating; when blasting, the hole should be covered; after blasting, air extraction, air supply or The exhaust gas in the hole must be eliminated by spraying water and other methods, and the toxic gas can be detected before drilling can continue; ⑨ After pumping water during construction, the special power supply on the ground must be cut off before the operator can drill the hole.

IV. Precautions for safe construction of manually dug piles:

(1) On-site managers should carefully explain the geological conditions and groundwater conditions at the dug piles to the construction personnel, and propose possible Problems that arise and emergency measures. It is necessary to be fully mentally prepared and have sufficient materials and machinery for emergency measures. Safety measures must be developed and regularly checked and implemented.

(2) No more than 2 people should be working under the hole. Safety helmets and gloves should be worn when working, and raincoats, rain pants and wellies should be worn when there is water. An electric bell or walkie-talkie is installed in the hole to ensure signal communication between workers below the hole and those above the hole. Hammers, hoes, stones, iron rods and other items that may cause injury are not allowed to be placed around the ground hole.

(3) Downhole personnel should pay attention to the changes in the hole wall. If collapse or cracks in the retaining wall are found, support measures should be taken in a timely manner. If there is danger, contact signals should be sent in time to facilitate rapid evacuation. And take effective measures to eliminate danger as soon as possible.

(4) Ground personnel should pay attention to the contact signals sent under the hole and respond quickly and quickly. Always check whether brackets, pulleys, and ropes are secure. When hanging down, it must be hung securely, and the earth and rocks lifted up must be poured out cleanly and unloaded 2 meters away from the opening.

(5) Electrical equipment such as water pumping, lighting, and ventilation during construction should have one machine, one gate, and one leakage protector. Three-core rubber wires should be used for power supply lines. The wires should be overhead and must not be dragged on the ground. . And always check whether the wires and leakage protection are intact.

(6) When pumping water from the hole, the drainage outlet should be more than 5 meters away from the hole, and ensure smooth drainage at the construction site.

(7) Dig the hole on the same day and pour the retaining wall on the same day. When people leave the construction site, the openings must be covered and warning signs such as red lights must be set up. Before opening the hole cover for construction, harmful gases must be eliminated and tested before work can begin.

(8) Dig the hole 6-10 meters deep, ventilate the hole at least once every hour, and use special ventilation equipment to maintain ventilation if it exceeds 10 meters.

5. Civilized construction:

(1) Establish a high-quality construction team, continuously strengthen internal management, improve the ideological awareness of employees, and make all employees realize that this project not only requires quality The construction period is high, the construction period is tight, and the construction is difficult. It is also a key local project, attracting attention from all aspects, and is highly political.

(2) Stimulate the enthusiasm of employees, strengthen information communication between different types of work, different teams, and different positions, and carry out necessary coordination, so that the construction site is always filled with the spirit of unity, cooperation, equal competition, and harmony. in the atmosphere.

(3) Do a good job in construction publicity and agitation to promote civilized construction on the construction site. The construction site must have fixed construction safety and technical slogans, project signs, and construction progress schedules. Respect the supervision engineer, warmly receive the inspection and guidance of the supervision engineer, and proactively report the project progress and project quality.

(4) Construction wastewater and domestic sewage shall not be discharged into farmland, cultivated land, irrigation canals and reservoirs. Discharge into drinking water sources is strictly prohibited. During construction, keep the site clean and sanitary, and clean up construction waste in a timely manner.

(5) Construction machinery should prevent serious oil leakage. It is prohibited to directly discharge oil pollution generated by machinery during operation without treatment, or to directly discharge oily sewage during maintenance of construction machinery.

(6) Wasteland with sparse vegetation should be used to excavate waste material with bored piles. Waste dams or walls should be built at the lower part and corners of the waste material to prevent water and soil erosion. Waste residue should be avoided as much as possible to damage or bury the trees and farmland below.

(7) Strengthen education on the protection of natural resources and wild animals and plants for construction workers, and strictly prohibit poaching and arbitrary felling of trees.

6. Safety management of manually dug piles:

Manually dug piles are a highly dangerous type of work in bridge construction, and they are highly unpredictable. So, how to safely manage the construction of manually dug piles. This is a topic that every construction manager must face seriously. Based on the manual digging pile foundation construction in our department in the past, we will now make a staged summary of the management process. The project department's safety management steps generally ensure that the following five steps are in place:

(1) Preparations before the start of construction are in place:

(1) Study the geological survey report of this project and master the following First-hand information

(2) Prepare construction plan for manually dug piles

(3) Predictably formulate safety protection measures

(4) Other departments Work together, such as mechanical and electrical equipment, materials, etc.

(2) When new workers enter the site, three-level safety education is in place:

(1) The project manager will preside over the three-level safety education for new workers that is specific to their type of work. Level safety education allows each worker to master the operating procedures and safety precautions of this type of work, so that workers can understand the basic principle of "production must be safe, and safety promotes production."

(2) Issue safety knowledge test papers for assessment to confirm the effectiveness of safety education. In addition, special training will be conducted for special operators, and all employees will be required to hold certificates.

(3) Pre-shift safety technical briefing is in place:

(1) In addition to the pre-shift safety activities organized by the team itself, the foreman (construction worker) responsible for the type of work also uses Provide targeted safety technical briefings to the team in written form and perform signature procedures.

(2) The full-time safety officer of the project summarizes the education and explanation content, and explains it in detail to each member of the team, requiring everyone to be able to operate and everyone must abide by safety disciplines and relevant national policies. Regulations and project department safety management system.

(4) Supervision, inspection, re-education and assessment during the construction process are in place:

(1) During the construction process, safety officers and foremen play a supervisory role, If there are signs of an accident, organize personnel to eliminate them in a timely manner, and emphasize that similar incidents will not happen again.

(2) During the construction period, in addition to requiring the construction team to conduct routine daily self-inspections before work (mainly checking whether the leakage protector has failed, whether the cradle frame, ropes, safety hooks, and brake switches are in good condition Damage or loss of control, whether the submersible pump motor and cable are normal or damaged, broken, etc.). The safety officers also conduct irregular reviews and carefully observe the underground operations. The foreman keeps original records of the depth of each meter of the operation team. If any potential accidents are discovered, he immediately orders the team to make rectifications by appointing personnel, deadlines, and measures, and implements the rectifications. content.

(3) Re-educate some workers whose safety awareness has faded during the construction process.

(4) During the construction process, the work team will be assessed every day, and a reward and punishment system will be implemented. The main assessment contents are: (1) Preventing falls from heights (2) Preventing objects from hitting (3) Diving Safe use of electricity for pumping water (4) Correct use of safety belts, safety helmets, safety ropes, and safety hooks (8) Inspection and acceptance of construction machinery and tools, etc.

(5) After-shift summary and improvement work is in place:

(1) Summarize the overall work through weekly safety meetings of the project department, learn from experience, and clarify responsibility goals , eliminating hidden dangers of accidents.

(2) Improve the deficiencies in the work, take effective measures to remedy them, and increase prevention efforts.

(3) Brainstorm ideas, accept constructive suggestions from all aspects, and take practical actions.

In summary, all personnel in our department have gone all out to formulate safe and applicable safety management plans and safety protection measures, and resolutely control pile foundation safety accidents to 0.

7. Preparatory measures for emergency handling of safety accidents

(1) Common safety accidents of manually dug piles

(1) Falling objects on the ground or from high altitude

(2) Electricity

(3) Lifting tools malfunction

(4) Lifting tools and debris falling

(5 ) Blasting

(6) Toxic gas appears in the pile hole causing suffocation of personnel.

(2) Preparatory measures for emergency handling of safety accidents

For common safety accidents in this project, which mainly occur in wells, the measures are as follows

1. Rescue tools: The construction wellhead is equipped with safety ropes, artificial cradle, hanging basket, safety belts, safety helmets, anti-virus equipment, ventilation pipes, and tool carts.

2. Establish a safety rescue team: Select 2-4 young and strong young people, construction site medical staff and construction site full-time safety officers to form a rescue team, and all construction workers will be backup personnel. The safety officer is the leader of the rescue team and is fully responsible for the rescue of safety accidents.

3. Rescue:

4. When a fall or collapse of the protective wall occurs in the well, use the upper and lower intercoms to confirm the seriousness of the injury, organize personnel to carry out rescue immediately, and stop other wellheads Work, remove the wellhead equipment, install artificial cradle, hanging basket, put in the safety rope, notify medical staff and vehicles to the wellhead, notify the ambulance if necessary, select young and strong people to go down the well, keep in contact at all times and observe the surroundings on the way down the well. Whether the protective wall is in danger of continuing to collapse? If so, emergency protective measures should be taken to rescue the seriously injured people one by one at the wellhead. After the injured come ashore, simple hemostatic rescue is performed and they are rushed to the nearest hospital by vehicle.

5. When a poisoning accident occurs in a well, immediately stop operations at the nearest wellhead, adjust the blower and ventilation pipe adjacent to the wellhead to ventilate the accident well, immediately organize personnel to wear gas masks, go down to the well for rescue, and rescue the personnel. After landing, medical staff performed artificial respiration and rushed him to the nearest hospital in an emergency vehicle.

6. When an electric shock accident occurs in the well, the power supply is cut off urgently, and personnel are organized to rescue the people in the well and come ashore. Medical staff carry out emergency treatment and use spare vehicles to rush to the nearest hospital.

(3) Preparatory plan for emergency response to safety accidents

In order to do a good job in emergency response to safety production accidents in the pile foundation manual digging project, and minimize the danger and the loss of life caused by the accident For property losses, the following plans have been specially formulated

1. Emergency response to accidents:

(1) Saving people above all else;

(2) Rescue and reporting Carry out at the same time, report level by level, receive the report first, and provide rescue at the nearest location;

(3) Partial submission to the overall situation, subordinates to superiors;

(4) Leveled responsibility, close cooperation;

(5) Minimize losses and prevent and mitigate secondary losses

2. Each department of the project department can urgently recruit the project department and various construction departments according to the needs of handling dangerous accidents. The vehicles, equipment and personnel of the operation team, the project department and members of each construction operation team must unconditionally obey the dispatch and requisition. Construction work groups and individuals involved in emergency response work may request appropriate compensation from the project department in accordance with relevant regulations.

3. After a dangerous accident occurs, the person in charge of the operation team and the person responsible for safety production of the project department should immediately rush to the accident site and report to the main leaders of the project department in a timely manner. The project department should immediately establish a dangerous situation after receiving the accident. The accident handling team led the team and rushed to the scene immediately.

Composition of the emergency response leadership group:

(1) Team leader: main leader of the project department;

(2) Deputy team leader: security engineer;

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(3) Team members: members of the safety committee of the project department and temporarily designated relevant personnel.

4. The main responsibilities of the emergency response leading group and emergency response coordination group:

(1) Implement the work of the project department, propose specific emergency response measures, and be responsible for reporting relevant situations.

(2) Guide and supervise emergency response work, and coordinate and solve major problems in emergency response work.

(3) Understand the dynamic status of emergency response and promptly adjust and deploy emergency measures.

5. Depending on the severity of the safety incident, the emergency response leading group will set up an on-site rescue team, aftermath treatment team, communication team, logistics support team, operation stability team, cause investigation team and other emergency response work for dangerous accidents. Office organization, clear responsible person and contact person.

6. In the emergency response work, the relevant departments of the parties concerned shall be responsible and take the initiative to carry out the work before they arrive at the scene.

7. After a dangerous accident occurs, the accident unit should immediately call for help from the relevant departments and carry out self-rescue. Other working groups should actively assist and provide strong support when calling for help.

8. Communication. The staff of the communication liaison team should adhere to the day and night duty system, keep good duty records, and dispatch and arrange emergency response work.

9. On-site rescue. The staff of the on-site rescue team should adhere to the principle of "saving lives above all else", actively treat the dead and injured, minimize casualties and losses, and do everything possible to prevent and mitigate secondary losses.

10. Deal with the aftermath. The person responsible for the accident should deal with the aftermath as soon as possible. Adopt unified management and decentralized reception methods, and actively do a good job in the ideological work of all parties. Formulate accident handling and compensation standards in a timely manner and in accordance with regulations, and actively do a good job in accident handling and compensation.

11. Cause investigation. Accident investigation and evidence collection should be done well, the accident scene should be surveyed, the causes should be investigated and analyzed, and eyewitnesses should be registered and inspected.

12. Logistics support. Relevant materials should be mobilized according to the needs of emergency response work to ensure urgent needs for emergency response and provide all life support for emergency response personnel.

13. Stable operation. We should do a good job in ideological stability, maintain normal order of production, work and life, and ensure that daily work is carried out in an orderly manner.

14. Work report. After the emergency response work is completed, a written report on the emergency response work shall be made level by level. Reports must be factual and must not falsify or conceal specific details.

15. Based on the actual situation and rescue results of participating in emergency response work, the project department will allocate reward funds for emergency response to dangerous accidents from special safety funds, which will be used specifically to reward advanced units and individuals in emergency response work.

16. If it is found that those who have passed the buck, delayed the time limit, or falsely reported the effectiveness of rescue during the emergency response work, they will be notified and criticized. If the nature is serious, the main person in charge will be held accountable; if it constitutes a crime, the judicial authorities will Investigate criminal liability in accordance with the law.

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