Wine custom is an important part of Longde folk culture and contains very rich connotations. It involves almost every field of human production and life. From ancient sacrificial rituals, to weddings and funerals, from celebrations and welcoming guests, to seasonal solar terms; from building houses, to going out at home, and returning home in triumph; from meeting relatives and friends, to leisure travel; from the rise of ancient civilizations, The life of modern people is closely related to the custom of drinking. Lund has a long history of brewing and drinking wine. Therefore, wine custom is a folk custom with a very long history.
The custom of worshiping wine has a long history in the Longde area. It has begun to take shape as early as the Neolithic Age. It was discovered in the Neolithic ruins of Shatang Yehezi, Fengling Shengli Village, and Shatang Beiyuan Baozigou. The long-necked pottery jugs and wine cups used to hold wine are evidence that people at that time used wine to worship the dead. The word "鬯" in Chinese characters is also a product of the custom of worshiping wine. Its original meaning refers to a kind of wine used to worship gods and spirits, which is made from black rice brewed with tulips. "Zhou Li Chun Gong Yu Ren" records: In the sacrificial activities of slave owners, there is a special profession called "鬯人", who "takes care of the cabinet and decorates the 鬯". He is responsible for "harming the 鬯 with the 鬯 and presenting it." "Jia Gongyan of the Tang Dynasty said: "Tulip grass is used to mix with Gan wine, so it is called Gancao." Due to this wine worship custom and wine ceremony, a series of "Chang", "Changren" and "Changsi" were produced. Vocabulary, we can see the profound impact of the custom of worshiping wine on Chinese writing. From the sacrifice of clan totems in ancient times, to the ritual of worshiping prisoners in Zhou rites, from the ritual system of worshiping ancestral temples in the Han and Tang Dynasties, to the folk sacrifices such as genealogy, ancestor tombs, family temples, and spirit tablets in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, It reflects the Lund people's worship of gods and nostalgia for their ancestors; in this traditional etiquette, wine is an indispensable and important aspect.
Seasonal wine custom is a custom of making wine, drinking wine and drinking party that has been gradually formed by the people of Longde according to the seasonal characteristics and local phenology. Lund is an area with developed farming culture. People's production and life are closely related to the seasons and seasons of nature, and also to the farming season. Therefore, there are many seasonal-related contents in folk culture. The custom of drinking wine during the festival is an important part of it. The festival wine customs of Longde people include the Spring Festival wine custom, the Lantern Festival wine custom, the Qingming wine custom, the Dragon Boat Festival wine custom, the Mid-Autumn Festival wine custom, the Double Ninth Festival wine custom, etc.
Wedding and wine customs are the most important traditional folk customs in Longde. Marriage and betrothal are important events in life. In particular, old China was deeply influenced by the traditional marriage concept of "women stay together forever", and generally took marriage very seriously. Whether it is a bride or a woman getting married, a very grand ceremony must be held. In the Longde area, which has a long history of wine culture, wine and weddings are naturally closely combined, so there is a special set of wine customs in wedding customs about drinking, toasting, wedding wine, wedding wine, and wedding wine. , not only has become an important part of the wedding culture, but also an important content of Lund wine culture. It is precisely because of the perfect combination of wine and wedding culture. It was only then that Chinese terms such as "合卺" and "Xixian" were created. "卺" (sound jin) originally refers to a wine vessel used at ancient weddings. Just divide the gourd into two scoops. The newlyweds each drink from a ladle. After drinking, put the two ladles together, which is called Hexin.
The custom of funeral wine first appeared in the Neolithic Age. Among the cultural relics unearthed in Longde County are pottery pots and cups from the Neolithic period. This is enough to prove that wine and wine vessels began to be used in the Lund funeral culture during the Neolithic Age. In slave and feudal societies, strict hierarchy was reflected in funeral customs. There are very strict regulations on the shape of the tomb, the burial objects, the size of the tomb mound, the height of the buildings on the ground, and the bricks and tiles used in the buildings. Even the thickness of the coffin used in the tomb must be determined according to grade. However, no matter how great the differences in class, wine is generally used in funerals and funerals. During the Republic of China, the use of wine in funeral wine customs in various places in Longde further increased, and the relationship between wine and funeral customs became closer.
Giving birth to a child is not only the birth of a new life, but also the crystallization of the marriage of parents. Celebrating with wine, on the one hand, announces to relatives and friends that a new member of the family has joined; On the one hand, it reflects a kind of respect for women's fertility. At the same time, it places many beautiful blessings and hopes on new life and is immersed in the festive atmosphere of the wine feast. In most areas of Lund, the birth of a boy was considered a great joy and the birth of a girl was considered a small joy. After giving birth, send good news to your mother’s family first. On the third day, the mother or a close relative comes to her husband's house to serve the confinement child, bringing rice, noodles, eggs, sesame seeds, brown sugar and other nutritional supplements and baby clothes. When the full moon comes, there will be a big celebration. The mother's family or relatives and friends will come to congratulate with gifts, and the host's family will prepare a banquet to entertain the guests.
Celebrating birthdays is an ancient traditional custom. It is also a way to connect neighbors and friends, and it is also a virtuous style of respecting the elderly and loving the young. In Longde, when an elderly person celebrates his birthday, the younger generation will send birthday gifts, birthday cakes, and birthday wine to congratulate the elderly person. The villagers also have to contribute a small amount of money to "join in" to show their affection. The host family should hold a banquet to entertain relatives, friends, fellow villagers, and neighbors to strengthen connections and increase feelings. Everything has two sides. In feudal society, there have been some corrupt officials in the past dynasties, who are arrogant and extravagant, unkind for the sake of wealth, amass money and use whatever means they choose. They often take advantage of their own or their family members' birthdays to widely distribute "birthday stickers" and ask for money from their subordinates and the public. Although this bad habit was put to rest after the founding of the People's Republic of China, it still exists among individual areas and rural cadres. It is manifested in serious extravagance and waste, using birthdays to celebrate birthdays, amass people's wealth, and cultivate minions. They even squandered public funds, used a large number of public buses, and showed off their wealth, which had a very bad impact on the people. This bad habit is a follow-up to traditional drinking customs and a vulgar alienation of traditional drinking customs. This is something we should resolutely oppose.
In Longde, people building houses is a very important project. Therefore, the whole family and even the whole village pay more attention to it. Generally, when a house is built in various places, certain ceremonies must be held before the beams are put on. Among them, setting off cannons and buying wine are indispensable items. Some want to invite the master craftsmen to drink wine, and some want to use wine to sacrifice the foundation of the new house. It is said that this is done to ward off evil spirits, and to create a happy atmosphere for the family and to celebrate the craftsmen. This reflects the cultural charm of wine customs from one aspect. When a new house is completed, a "fire opening" ceremony will be held when moving in, and relatives, friends and neighbors will come to congratulate it. Usually, a painting in the nave is given, with "So-and-so's moving into a new house" written on the top of the head. The host should prepare wine and host a banquet to entertain relatives, friends and neighbors.
Respecting teachers, respecting education, respecting the elderly and caring for the young are the traditional virtues of the Chinese nation. In Lunde, with the development of education and social pension and welfare undertakings, respecting teachers, respecting education, respecting the elderly and caring for the young has become a social morality. Every year on Teachers' Day, activities to express condolences to teachers are organized. Some schools hold dinners and banquets to celebrate teachers' own holidays. In some nursing homes and cadre rest homes, banquets, parties and other activities are generally held every year during traditional festivals such as the Double Ninth Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival and Spring Festival to reflect the traditional virtue of respecting the elderly. This new practice has become a drinking custom for the elderly in the new era.
In Longde, travelers are required to drink "farewell wine" when traveling; and "wine to catch the wind and wash away the dust" when returning in triumph. Family members or relatives and friends pay farewell to passers-by or receive guests to wash away their dust. This embodies the beautiful emotions of family members or relatives and friends, and is full of hopes, blessings, expectations, nostalgia and other emotions. It is the inherent appeal of this wine custom that has been passed down from generation to generation and will last forever.
In the vast official world of ancient times, literati studied for the purpose of "learning and excellence will lead to officialdom". The purpose is to join the ranks of officials, either to honor their ancestors, to serve the country, to display their ambitions, or to change their predicaments. . But in fact, the officialdom is ruthless, and it is impossible to tell where people will capsize. Therefore, when someone is promoted to a noble position, they should drink wine to celebrate, either to show their status or to express gratitude to their mentors, relatives and friends. When you are frustrated in officialdom, you have to drink to drown your sorrows. This wine custom has such a profound and profound inner charm. For example, in the "sitting banquet" of Longde people, when drinking and making fists, they recommend the wine commander. The commander orders everyone to take turns to "be an official."
This drinking order is quite like an official order. Every time he speaks and behaves, raises a cup, guesses the order, and when there is a dispute, the "official" look is like asking questions about politics and reviewing cases, just like an official society where wine is used as a medium. It is not difficult to see that Long The cultural origin of German people drinking alcohol to cope with their addiction to officialdom.