Sports knowledge - the origin of table tennis

Table tennis originated in Britain. At the end of the 19th century, tennis was popular in Europe. However, due to restrictions on venues and weather, some British college students moved tennis indoors, using the dining table as a table, books as nets, parchment as rackets, and playing on the dining table. . In 1890, several British naval officers stationed in India accidentally discovered that playing tennis on a small table was quite exciting. Later, they switched to solid rubber instead of a solid ball with little elasticity, then to a hollow plastic ball, and used a wooden board instead of a tennis racket to play this novel "tennis game" on the table. This is where the name Table Tennis comes from. .

Soon after Table Tennis appeared, it became a popular sport. At the beginning of the 20th century, the United States began to produce sets of table tennis competition equipment. It is the number one racquet sport in the United States, with more than 200,000 Americans playing table tennis. Initially, Table tennis had other names, such as Indoor tennis. Later, an American manufacturer coined the new word Ping-pang based on the sound made by the impact of the ping-pong ball, which was used as a patented registered trademark for the "ping-pong ball" he manufactured. Ping-pang later became another official name of Table tennis. When it spread to China, people coined the new word "table tennis". The Origin of Table Tennis

Table tennis originated in England at the end of the 19th century. It was originally just a mobile game. The ball was made of light and elastic material, and the racket was made of wooden boards such as cigar box covers. It was played on the table like tennis, so it was called "table tennis". . Around 1900, due to the development of light industry, the ball was changed to a hollow ball made of celluloid. Since then, table tennis has gradually developed. The first large-scale table tennis competition was held in London, England, in December 1900. More than three hundred people participated in the competition. During competition, male athletes must wear shirts with starched collars and waistcoats, while female athletes must wear skirts and even hats.

In 1926, the International Table Tennis Federation was formally established and decided to hold the first World Table Tennis Championships. Over the past few decades, the development of table tennis has gone through roughly three stages:

(1) In the early days, although the rackets used by players were of different shapes, they were all made of wood. slow. The power is small and there is no rotation; the playing style is also monotonous, just pushing the ball around. In the early 1950s, the Austrians invented the sponge racket. Japanese athletes were the first to use it in world competitions and won four championships in the 19th World Championships, breaking the monopoly of European athletes. Because Japanese athletes use this racket to create a long-draw offensive style of play from the far table, which has the advantages of strong forehand attack power, fast speed, and a great threat of serve attack, European players with slow speed, weak spin, and weak attack power The defensive style of play was gradually replaced, allowing Japan to gain the advantage of table tennis in the 1950s. From 1952 to 1959, among the 49 world championships, the Japanese team won 24 events, accounting for 47% . This is the first major improvement in the level of table tennis.

(2) In 1959, after Rong Guotuan won the men’s singles championship at the 25th World Table Tennis Championships, Chinese athletes began to enter the international table tennis scene. Gradually, a pen-hold shooting and close-to-table fast attack style with a technical style of "fast, accurate, ruthless, and changeable" was formed. In the 26th World Championships in 1961, the Chinese team not only passed the European level, but also defeated the Japanese players who used the long draw and secret weapon of "Loop Ball" to win the men's team title for the first time. World Champion. And won the 27th and 28th consecutive men's team championships. The advantages of China's close-to-the-table fast attack are its close stance, fast speed, flexible movements, and ease of use of forehand and backhand. It is a big step forward compared to Japan's long-to-the-table long-stroke style. In the 1960s, China's table tennis technical level was at the forefront of the world, and the advantage of table tennis shifted from Japan to China. This is the second major improvement in the level of table tennis.

(3) As table tennis developed in Japan and China, European athletes learned lessons from their failures. After nearly two decades of hard work, they finally learned from Japan’s loop ball technology and China’s near-table speed. The strength of the offensive style has created an advanced style of play suitable for them, that is, a style of play based on loop balls combined with fast breaks. Representative figures are Hungary's Krampal and Jonil.

A style of play that focuses on fast breaks combined with loop shots. It uses forehand and backhand fast breaks as the main technique, uses backhand quick breaks to strive for the initiative, and uses forehand loop shots to find opportunities for smashes as a scoring method. The representative figures are Bengtsen of Sweden and Orlofsky of the Czech Republic. The characteristics of these two playing styles are strong rotation, fast speed, the ability to pull and hit, low pull and high hit, and a large room for maneuver. Table tennis has advanced to a new level where spin and speed are closely combined. This is the third major improvement in the level of table tennis.

Due to the continuous improvement of the level of table tennis, in 1982, the International Olympic Committee decided to list table tennis as an official Olympic competition from 1988, which aroused further attention from countries around the world to table tennis. , promoting the faster development of table tennis.

China’s brilliant achievements in table tennis began in the early 1960s. After Rong Guotuan won the men’s singles world championship in March 1959, Zhuang Zedong won the men’s singles world championship in April 1961 and April 1963 respectively. In April 1965, he won the men's singles world championship for three consecutive times, pushing the level of Chinese men's table tennis to a new height. Later, due to the "Cultural Revolution" in China, the level of table tennis was affected. After the Cultural Revolution, the table tennis level of Chinese athletes was once again comprehensively improved. In the eight years from 1981 to 1987, Guo Yuehua and Jiang Jialiang each won two World Championships men's singles world championships. At the 36th World Table Tennis Championships in April 1981, the Chinese team won all 7 men's and women's championships for the first time, marking that the overall level of Chinese table tennis reached the first place in the world. Later, in the years from 1989 to 1993, due to the substantial improvement in the level of table tennis in Europe, the men's table tennis world championship was won by European athletes many times, among which the Swedish player Waldner ranked first in the world. The men's singles in table tennis has held the top spot for several years. It was not until the mid-to-late 1990s that due to the rise of Chinese athletes such as Liu Guoliang and Kong Linghui, the men's singles championship was regained. Liu and Kong also won the "Grand Slam" of three men's singles championships at the World Championships, World Cup and Olympic Games respectively. To this day, the rising stars of the Chinese men's and women's table tennis teams, such as Wang Hao, Zhang Jike, Ma Long, Guo Yan, Ding Ning, Li Xiaoxia, Liu Shiwen, etc., are still ranked among the best in the world and are the leaders in the world table tennis. Who knows the origin of tennis and table tennis?

Which country is the origin of table tennis?

In 1890, several British naval officers stationed in India accidentally discovered that playing tennis on a small table was quite exciting. Later, they used small hollow leather balls instead of solid balls with little elasticity, and used wooden boards instead of tennis rackets to play this novel "tennis game" on the table. This is where the name Table Tennis comes from.

Soon after Table Tennis appeared, it became a popular sport. At the beginning of the 20th century, the United States began to produce sets of table tennis competition equipment. It is the number one racquet sport in the United States, with more than 200,000 Americans playing table tennis. Initially, Table tennis had other names, such as Indoor tennis. Later, an American manufacturer coined the new word Ping-pang based on the sound made by the impact of the ping-pong ball, which was used as a patented registered trademark for the "ping-pong ball" he manufactured. Ping-pang later became another official name of Table tennis. When it spread to China, people coined the new word "table tennis".

Table tennis is a world-popular ball sport that originated in the United Kingdom but is China’s national sport. The name table tennis originated in 1900. It is named after the sound of "Ping Pong" made when hitting. In mainland China, "table tennis" is used as its official name, as well as in Hong Kong and Macau, and in Taiwan and Japan. It is called billiards, which means the ball game on the table. Table tennis is spherical, weighs 2.53-2.70 grams, is white or yellow, and is made of celluloid or plastic. The diameter of the ball used in international competitions before the 2000 Sydney Olympics was 38mm, and the diameter of the ball used in international competitions after 2000 was 40mm.

Athletes each stand on one side of the table, playing on a table that is 274 cm long, 152 cm wide and 76 cm high with a horizontal net in the middle. They hit the ball with a racket (the hitting methods include blocking, pumping, cutting, rubbing, pulling, etc.). The ball must bounce on the table before it can be hit back over the net. It will be effective if it lands on the opponent's table. The competition is divided into teams, singles, doubles, etc.; it is divided into 11 games, with best-of-five games and best-of-seven games.

Development History

Origin

In 1890, several British naval officers stationed in India accidentally discovered a small Playing tennis on the table is quite exciting. Later, they used small hollow leather balls instead of solid balls with little elasticity, and used wooden boards instead of tennis rackets to play this novel "tennis game" on the table. This is where the name Table Tennis comes from.

Soon after Table Tennis appeared, it became a popular sport. At the beginning of the 20th century, the United States began to produce sets of table tennis competition equipment. It is the number one racquet sport in the United States, with more than 200,000 Americans playing table tennis. Initially, Table tennis had other names, such as Indoor tennis. Later, an American manufacturer coined the new word Ping-pang based on the sound made by the impact of the ping-pong ball, which was used as a patented registered trademark for the "ping-pong ball" he manufactured. Ping-pang later became another official name of Table tennis. When it spread to China, people coined the new word "table tennis".

In Japanese, table tennis is called "snooker". Many words used in table tennis are derived from tennis. The ball used to play table tennis is called Ping-pong ball or Table-tennis ball, the table tennis table is called Ping-pong table, the table is called Court, the net in the middle is called Net, the frame supporting the net is called Net support, and the table tennis racket is called Ping- pong bat.

11 points), the so-called "bureau" in English is Set. Serve is called Serve.

Table tennis originated in the UK. Europeans still call table tennis "tennis on the table". It can be seen that table tennis is developed from tennis. At the end of the 19th century, tennis was popular in Europe. However, due to restrictions on venues and weather, some British college students moved tennis indoors, using the dining table as a table, books as nets, parchment as rackets, and playing on the dining table. .

At the beginning of the 20th century, table tennis flourished in Europe and Asia. In 1926, the International Table Tennis Invitational Tournament was held in Berlin, Germany, which was later recognized as the first World Table Tennis Championships. At the same time, the International Table Tennis Federation was established.

The widespread development of table tennis has led to great improvements in rackets and balls. The original racket was a slightly processed wooden board, and later someone put a layer of sheepskin on the racket. With the development of modern industry, Europeans attached rubber with rubber particles to the racket. In the early 1950s, the Japanese invented a racket with thick sponge. The original ball was a rubber ball similar to tennis. In 1890, British player Gibb brought back some celluloid balls as toys from the United States for use in table tennis.

In various table tennis games. The most prestigious is the World Table Tennis Championships, which was held annually at first and then every two years after 1957.

Change

In 1927, the International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF) was formally established and decided to hold the first World Table Tennis Championships. The development of table tennis has gone through approximately three stages. In the early days, although the rackets used by athletes had different shapes, they were all made of wood. The ball bounced out slowly and with little power, and had no rotation skills. The method of playing was also very simple, which was to push the ball back and forth between the two. .

In 1936, the 10th World Table Tennis Championships was held in Prague, Hungary. An amazing situation occurred in the competition. The men's team championship match was held in Romania and Austria. The match starts at 21:00 on Sunday.

The clinker and clinker sides sent three chippers. Since the playing styles were the same, the level of both sides was close, and they both used mushroom tactics. They were unwilling to easily challenge and tried to win from the opponent's mistakes. At three o'clock in the game, it was still 2:2. Local regulations stipulated that public places must close at 3 o'clock, which prompted police intervention. In the end, it took 31 hours for Austria to win 5:4.

In 1903, the Englishman Goode invented the rubber racket, which effectively promoted the development of table tennis technology. From 1926 to 1951, players from all over the world mostly used rubber rackets with cylindrical particles on the surface. When hitting the ball, the elasticity and friction are increased, which can cause the ball to rotate to a certain extent. Therefore, the defensive style of playing the ball with backspin has emerged. This style of play has been popular in Europe for a long time, and many athletes have won world championships using this style of play. The advantages of table tennis during this period were in Europe, among which the Hungarian team had the most outstanding results. Among the 117 world championships, they won 57, accounting for half of the European teams. But this kind of racket can only produce backspin. Everyone is like this, grinding and grinding, even if they win the championship, it is meaningless.

In the early 1950s, the Austrians invented the sponge racket, and Japanese sportsmanship was used in world competitions, and they won four championships in the 19th World Championships, breaking the monopoly of European athletes. status. Because Japanese athletes use this racket to create a long-draw offensive style of play from the far table, which has the advantages of strong forehand attack power, fast speed, and a great threat of serve attack, European players with slow speed, weak spin, and weak attack power The defensive style of play was gradually replaced, allowing Japan to seize the advantage of table tennis in the 1950s. From 1952 to 1959, among the 49 world championships, the Japanese team won 24, accounting for 47%. This is the first major improvement in the level of table tennis.

In 1959, after Rong Guotuan won the men's singles championship at the 25th World Table Tennis Championships, Chinese athletes began to enter the international table tennis scene. Gradually, a pen-hold close-to-the-table fast attack style with a technical style of "fast, accurate, ruthless, and changeable" was formed. In the 26th World Championships in 1961, the Chinese team not only passed the European level, but also defeated the Japanese players who used the long draw and secret weapon of "Loop Ball" to win the men's team title for the first time. World Champion. And won the 27th and 28th consecutive men's team championships. The advantages of China's close-to-the-table fast attack are its close stance, fast speed, flexible movements, and ease of use of forehand and backhand. It is a big step forward compared to Japan's long-to-the-table long-stroke style. In the 1960s, China's table tennis technical level was at the forefront of the world, and the advantage of table tennis shifted from Japan to China. This is the second major improvement in the level of table tennis.

While table tennis was developing in Japan and China, European athletes learned lessons from their failures. After nearly two decades of hard work, they finally adopted the combination of Japanese loop ball technology and China's near-table fast break style. Long, create an advanced style of play suitable for them, that is, a style of play based on loop balls combined with fast breaks. Representative figures are Hungary's Krampal and Jonil. A style of play that focuses on fast breaks combined with loop shots. It uses forehand and backhand fast breaks as the main technique, uses backhand quick breaks to strive for the initiative, and uses forehand loop shots to find opportunities for smashes as a scoring method. The representative figures are Bengtsen of Sweden and Orlofsky of the Czech Republic. The characteristics of these two playing styles are strong placement, fast speed, the ability to pull and hit, low pull and high hit, and a large room for maneuver. Table tennis has advanced to a new level where placement and speed are closely combined. This is the third major improvement in the level of table tennis.

Since the 1970s, due to the strengthening of international exchanges and study and research, various playing styles have learned from each other, resulting in faster development and improvement of table tennis technology. For example, China's close-to-the-table fast break, pen-hold fast break combined with loop shots, and horizontal fast break combined with loop shots have all developed and innovated, and have achieved excellent results in international competitions. The International Table Tennis Federation has 186 member associations and is one of the largest sports organizations in the world.

In 1982, the International Olympic Committee's decision to list table tennis as an official Olympic competition from 1988 promoted the faster development of table tennis.

"Small ball" becomes "big ball"

In the early 1980s, after the Chinese team won 7 championships in the 36th World Table Tennis Championships, some people proposed to change the There are suggestions such as making the table tennis balls bigger and the nets higher, but this suggestion has not been taken seriously by people.

Since then, table tennis technology has continued to develop, the ball speed has become faster and faster, and the spin has become stronger and stronger. Many athletes have fewer rounds when playing against each other; sometimes the ball flies like lightning, and the winner has been decided before the audience can see it clearly, which weakens the interest of table tennis enthusiasts.

At the ITTF Congress held during the 45th World Table Tennis Championships in Dawei in 1999, the "Big Ball Reform" proposal was shelved because it did not receive a three-quarters majority vote. On February 23, 2000, the ITTF Extraordinary Conference and Representative Conference passed the 40 mm ball reform plan in Kuala Lumpur and decided to use balls with a diameter of 40 mm and a weight of 2.7 grams from October 1, 2000. Replaces 38mm balls.

Other changes

In addition, table tennis reforms also include “replacing the ‘21-point system’ with an ‘11-point system’” and “unobstructed serving.” The "glue ban" was officially implemented on September 1, 2008, and inorganic glue was used instead. Solvent glue with volatile substances is usually called organic glue or quick-drying glue. Its main components are adhesive colloid and organic solvent. The latter refers to a low-toxic, volatile chemical solvent that can dissolve adhesive colloid, which contains toluene, Xylene and other toxic ingredients, the ITTF has certain restrictions on toxic ingredients in glue. Organic glue can increase the elasticity of the sponge and increase the speed of the bat. Every athlete needs to apply glue to the racket several times before participating in the competition. This is also regarded as an essential weapon in table tennis competitions. Inorganic glue is colorless and odorless. The dilution is similar to water. It does not increase the elasticity of the sponge. It only needs to be brushed once. The base plate of this glue is easy to clean without leaving any residue.

China

Table tennis was introduced to China from Japan in December 1904. It started with Wang Daoping, the owner of a stationery store on Sima Road, Shanghai, who purchased 10 sets of table tennis equipment from Japan and performed in the store. As a result, the number of people buying and playing table tennis gradually increased, and major cities also promoted the sport. Activity. Table tennis rackets at that time were wooden rackets with a smooth surface, making it difficult to spin the ball, so the only two ways to play were pushing and blocking. and knowledge about sports. (Basketball, table tennis...)

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Table tennis Knowledge about table tennis

:pingpang.yiji./1887983/index_0_0. Knowledge about table tennis

When playing table tennis, you must use the twist of the waist, so that you can use the strength of the whole body. . Relevant knowledge of table tennis

1. my country’s traditional technology: straight fast break combined with loop ball.

2. Main European technology: horizontal double-sided loop ball combined with fast break. Knowledge about table tennis

Table tennis has gone through a tortuous process from small to big. In the early 1980s, after the Chinese team won seven championships in the 36th World Table Tennis Championships, some people put forward suggestions such as making the table tennis balls larger and the nets higher, but this suggestion was not taken seriously.

Since then, table tennis technology has continued to develop, the ball speed has become faster and faster, and the spin has become stronger and stronger. Many players have fewer rounds when playing against each other; sometimes the ball flies like lightning, and the winner has been decided before the audience can see it clearly, which weakens the interest of table tennis enthusiasts. For this reason, Ichiro Ogimura, the former chairman of the ITTF, once considered making table tennis bigger. After Xu Yinsheng became the chairman of ITTF, he put this matter on the agenda.

In May 1996, the ITTF Board of Directors agreed to the proposal to experiment with large balls - in order to slow down the speed and rotation of the ball, increase the round and ornamental value, it was recommended to increase the diameter of the table tennis ball by two millimeters. The ITTF planned to conduct a trial at the Youth Championship in Japan the following year, but gave up because the Japanese manufacturers had too many objections. At that time, changing the size of the balls was just a suggestion. If manufacturers wanted to produce larger balls, they would need to invest money to remake the molds and adjust the process. If the suggestion was ultimately rejected, the money would have been wasted.

In order to support the reform of table tennis, Shanghai Double Happiness Table Tennis Group resolutely undertook the trial production task and produced a batch of high-quality balls as required, which were given to member associations by the ITTF for trial use. The China Table Tennis Association, the only country in the world that has instruments for measuring dynamic table tennis speed and rotation, took the initiative to undertake the testing work. Researchers from the Scientific Committee of the Chinese Table Tennis Association conducted "experiments on the effects of table tennis balls of different diameters and weights on batting speed and spin."

The experimental conclusion is: a ball with a large diameter is slower than a ball with a small diameter, and its rotation is weaker than a ball with a small diameter; for balls with the same diameter, the ball with greater weight and elasticity is faster and has stronger rotation than the ball with smaller weight and elasticity.

The first test of a big ball was held during the 44th World Table Tennis Championships in 1997, but the impact was not significant. In the spring of 1998, the Suzhou International Table Tennis "Big Ball" competition proposed by Xu Yinsheng conducted its second trial. The Chinese Table Tennis Association took the initiative to bear the funds for the Suzhou trial competition. Earlier this year, another international competition with a trial ball was held in Copenhagen, Denmark.

At the ITTF Congress held during the 45th World Table Tennis Championships in Dawei in 1999, the "Big Ball Reform" proposal was shelved because it did not receive a three-quarters majority vote. 84 of the 124 members voted in favor, 30 opposed and 10 abstained. The then newly appointed ITTF President Shalala said that some representatives abstained or voted against the vote because they did not understand the impact of this reform measure, and he would do the work of explanation and persuasion.

On February 23, 2000, the ITTF Special Conference and Congress passed the 40mm ball reform plan in Kuala Lumpur and decided that from October 1, 2000, that is, after the Sydney Olympics, table tennis The ball game will use large balls with a diameter of 40 mm and a weight of 2.7 grams to replace the small 38 mm balls.

Table tennis has a variety of different playing styles and a variety of tactics. No matter what style of play or how varied the tactics, table tennis technology is inseparable from four basic factors: strength, speed, spin and placement.

The force acting on the ball is expressed through the forward speed and rotation intensity of the ball. If you smash hard during the attack and the opponent cannot connect well, then you need to play with strength. If you are increasing the intensity of the spin, whether it is creating topspin or backspin, then you must rub the ball hard.

In order to minimize the opponent's preparation time, you must seize the time and try to hit the ball back to the opponent's face in the shortest and fastest time to catch the opponent off guard. This is speed.

In order to make it more difficult for the opponent to fight back, you can also create various rotating balls, forcing the opponent to "take a chance" on the ball after making a mistake in returning the ball. This is spin.

Table tennis is not big. To make the ball you hit more powerful, you must mobilize the opponent to move or run forward, backward, left and right. Therefore, we must pay attention to the placement point.

Therefore, strength, speed, rotation, and placement are the basic factors of table tennis technology. The origin of table tennis?

In 1890, several British naval officers stationed in India accidentally discovered that playing tennis on a small table was quite exciting. Later, they used small hollow leather balls instead of solid balls with little elasticity, and used wooden boards instead of tennis rackets to play this novel "tennis game" on the table. This is where the name table tennis comes from.

Soon after Table Tennis appeared, it became a popular sport. At the beginning of the 20th century, the United States began to produce sets of table tennis competition equipment. Initially, table tennis had other names, such as Indoor tennis. Later, an American manufacturer created the new word ping-pong based on the sound made by the impact of the table tennis ball, and used it as a patented registered trademark for the "ping pong ball" he manufactured. Ping-pong later became another official name for table tennis. When it spread to China, people coined the new word "table tennis".

Table tennis began in England in the late nineteenth century. At that time, some college students in the UK used a dining table as a table indoors, and used books or two high-backed chairs hung with a string as a net. They used balls made of cork or rubber and long-handled ovals made of lamb paper. A hollow racket is used to hit the ball back and forth on the table. Originally this game was not called "table tennis", but called "Flim-Flam", also known as "Goossie".

Around 1890, a retired cross-country runner in England, James Gibb (AMES Gibb), brought back celluloid balls as toys from the United States, and the idea of ??using this small ball to replace Cork ball and rubber ball idea.

Because the lambskin bats used at that time made a "ping-pong" sound when the ball hit the table, it was called "ping-pong" to simulate the sound. Later it was also called "tabie tennis".