Wenchuan County is located in the northwest edge of Sichuan Basin, in the southeast of Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, with Pengzhou and Dujiangyan in the east, chongzhou city and Dayi counties in the south, Baoxing and Xiaojin counties in the west, Lixian and Maoxian counties in the northwest and northeast respectively. The county is 84 kilometers wide from east to west and 15 kilometers long from north to south, with a total area of 4,84 square kilometers and a forest coverage rate of 48%. Weizhou Town, the county seat, is located at the intersection of Minjiang River and Zagunao River in the north of the county, with an altitude of 1,325 meters, surrounded by many mountains such as Chaping Mountain and Qionglai Mountain, 146 kilometers away from Chengdu, the provincial capital, and 246 kilometers away from Marcand, the state capital. National highways 213 and 317 pass through the city.
Since the county was resumed in 1963, the county has governed 6 towns and 8 townships with a total population of 111,788, including 4,57 non-agricultural people. The population of Qiang nationality is 29,839, accounting for 26.69% of the total population, and it is one of the four Qiang nationality inhabited counties in China. The Minjiang River runs through the western part of the county, with a length of 88 kilometers. There are mainly rivers such as Zagunao, Yuzixi and Caopo, with a drainage area of 1,429 square kilometers. The county is rich in hydropower resources, with a theoretical reserve of 3.48 million kilowatts and a exploitable capacity of 1.7 million kilowatts. Now, 1 million kilowatts have been developed, with great development potential.
mineral resources, animal and plant resources are abundant, and tourism resources are unique. There are natural landscapes such as Wolong Nature Reserve and Sanjiang Eco-tourism Scenic Area, as well as cultural landscape resources such as Yu, Qiang culture and Three Kingdoms cultural sites. Wenchuan County is not only "the hometown of ethnic and folk arts in China-the hometown of Qiang embroidery", but also the hometown of living animal fossils-giant pandas. Wolong, the world's leading research center for giant pandas, is in the southwest of the county. Wenchuan is the southern gate of Aba Prefecture and the "industrial economic corridor" of Aba Prefecture.
By the end of 22, the gross domestic product reached 1,258.52 million yuan, the total agricultural output reached 165.43 million yuan, the total grain output reached 16,426 tons, and the per capita net income of farmers was 1,678 yuan. The adjustment of agricultural industrial structure has been further intensified. A 1,5-mu eco-agricultural science and technology demonstration park base and two 5-mu IPM demonstration parks without pesticide pollution have been established, and two trademarks of "Xiqiang Brand" and "Minjiang Brand" and five green signs of vegetables and fruits have been registered and activated, which have been listed as production and construction bases of pollution-free vegetables and dried fruits by the National Green Food Center. The construction of the three major forestry projects is progressing smoothly, with 943.9 hectares closed for afforestation, 813.4 hectares for aerial seeding and 3723.1 hectares for artificial afforestation. Completed 32,8 mu of ecological forest and .42 million mu of economic forest; The completed sand control area is 146,55,4 hectares. The industrial economy has developed rapidly, attracting investment has achieved tangible results. Industrial economic corridors and Shuimo Industrial Economic Park have been formed in Xuankou and Yingxiu areas, and Taoguan Industrial Economic Park is being established. There are 6 investment-attracting enterprises with scale, good benefits and assets of tens of millions of yuan, including Pandar Industrial Silicon Factory and Yuefa Smelting Co., Ltd.; The electric power industry is a sudden emergence. At present, more than 4 power stations at all levels have been built and put into operation, with an installed capacity of more than 1 million kilowatts. In early 1986, it was rated as one of the first five "primary rural electrification counties" in China. Tourism resources have been further developed, and scenic spots such as Sanjiang eco-tourism zone, the first village of Xiqiang, the ancient cultural site of Jiangweicheng and the folk village of Luobuzhai have been developed. Remarkable achievements have been made in traffic construction. A transportation network extending in all directions has been built, with national highways 213 and 317 as the main lines and county, township and village roads as the branch lines, and asphalt roads are connected to townships and tractor roads are connected to villages. Posts and telecommunications have flourished, and the coverage rate of mobile and Unicom communication networks has reached more than 85%. PHS communication has been opened in county towns and major market towns, realizing program-controlled communication exchange and digital transmission. Urban construction is changing with each passing day. The urban area of Weizhou, the county seat, has reached 3.53 square kilometers, and has begun to take shape as a modern city. It has gradually formed a transportation distribution center and an educational and scientific research base in Aba Prefecture. "Surrounded by mountains on all sides, three mountains compete for beauty, two rivers compete for water, and one city crosses the river to build a new building" is a precise description of Weizhou today.
the cause of culture and education has advanced rapidly. There are six colleges and universities in the county, such as Aba Teachers College, Aba Finance and Trade School and Aba Radio and TV University, four state-level technical schools in hydropower, agricultural machinery, transportation and animal husbandry, three scientific research institutes in agriculture, animal husbandry and forestry, and nine junior and senior high schools. Weizhou Middle School, which is listed as a provincial key middle school, has continuously innovated its teaching methods and rapidly improved its education quality. It is at the forefront of education in Quanzhou and has trained a large number of outstanding talents for colleges and universities inside and outside the province.
Physical Geography
Wenchuan County is located in Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province. It is named after Wenshui and is one of the four Qiang-inhabited counties in China. The map coordinates are between 3 45 ′-31 43 ′ north latitude and 12 51 ′-13 44 ′ east longitude, with a width of 84 kilometers from east to west and a length of 15 kilometers from north to south. The county area is 4,85 square kilometers; The population is 11,118 (2), and the main ethnic groups are Han, Qiang, Tibetan and Hui. It is adjacent to county-level administrative regions, with Pengzhou and Dujiangyan in the east, Chongzhou and Dayi in the south, Baoxing and Xiaojin in the west, and Lixian and Maoxian in the northwest and northeast respectively. There is Wolong nature reserve in the territory, which is the main research and breeding place for giant pandas, and Siguniang Mountain is the main tourist attraction. County governs Weizhou Town.
Wenchuan is located in the northwest edge of Sichuan Basin, and Longmen Mountains and Qionglai Mountains are located in the northeast and southwest of the county respectively. Minjiang River and its tributaries Zagunao River, Caopo River and Shoujiang River are the main rivers in China.
Wenchuan was named after the county of West Wenshui (now Minjiang River). In the Western Han Dynasty, it was Mian County, and in the Western Jin Dynasty, it was changed to Wenshan County, and it was ruled by Wenshan County. It was named Wenchuan County in the Northern Zhou Dynasty, with a history of more than 1,4 years. In 1952, the county seat was moved from Mianji to Weizhou; In 1958, Maoxian, Wenchuan and Lixian merged to form Maowen Qiang Autonomous County. Wenchuan county has been restored since 1962.
On December 5th, 27, Wenchuan County was awarded the honorary title of "27 National Advanced County in Cultural Relics Work" by the People's Republic of China, the Ministry of Culture and National Cultural Heritage Administration.
Plant resources
The mountains in Wenchuan County are huge and the relative height difference is wide. The light and precipitation conditions change with the elevation, which also affects the distribution of forest and vegetation community types and the formation of plant bands. The plant resources here are very rich, with a wide variety, complete families and genera, with 1 ***4, species. There is a unique wild Davidia involucrata forest in China, and there are more than 2 kinds of water green trees, Cercidiphyllum japonicum, Bole trees and other rare trees protected by the state. There are also many famous ancient trees and "national fragrance" orchids, which make people gain rich artistic conception and various aesthetic feelings in many aspects such as rare beauty, elegant beauty and ancient beauty. As far as forest vegetation is concerned, among them, special forests and shrubs account for 82.85% of the forest vegetation area, while sparse woodlands, uncultivated woodlands and regeneration sites only account for 17.15%, which shows the richness of forest resources. Rich in tourism, natural and human landscape resources, the "Sanjiang Eco-tourism Zone" has begun to take shape. In today's "rejuvenating the country through science and education", Wuchuan County has provided the broadest "natural teaching laboratory" for improving people's spiritual civilization quality, enhancing science and education knowledge, studying the impact of environmental changes on human beings and grasping the future.
animal resources
Wenchuan county has a large number of animal resources. According to the collected specimens, there are more than 7 species of insects in more than 2 orders, including 33 families and 482 species of COLEOPTERA. There are 6 species of fish, 9 species of amphibians, 28 species of birds and 96 species of mammals. Among these animals, there are not only southern animals like macaques, clouded leopards, water deer and civet cats, but also plateau and northern animals like wildebeest, lynx, Ma Xiong, white-lipped deer and white-eared pheasant. Among them, there are four rare animals under national first-class protection, such as giant panda and golden monkey. There are 17 species such as red panda, snow leopard and red-bellied pheasant under second-class protection; There are 8 species of forest musk deer and golden eagle protected in the third category; There are 29 kinds in all. Pheasant is one of the major characteristics of Wolong animals. Among 56 species in China, Wolong accounts for 11 species, most of which are protected by the state.
mineral resources
Wenchuan county has complex geological structure, complete stratum development, wide distribution of magmatic rocks and rich mineral resources, especially many varieties of nonmetallic minerals.
Historical evolution
Since the Han Dynasty, the structures of Wenjiang, Mianchi, Wenshan and Wenchuan have all been named after the Minjiang River in China. According to the Records of Yuanhe County, Wenchuan County is named after the water in the west of the county. Ancient "Wen" and "Min" were universal, so Minjiang River was also pronounced as Wenjiang River.
In the year of the ancient Randong Department (111 BC), it was located in Wenshan County, which governed five counties, including Mianchi. Mianchi was the county, and the former site of the county was in Jiangweicheng, Weizhou Town. Mianchi County was changed to Mianchi Road in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and Mianchi County was changed to Wenchuan County in the Western Jin Dynasty. After the Eastern Jin Dynasty, overseas Chinese in Wenchuan County moved their capital to An (now Dujiangyan City) and abandoned Mianchi County. Xiao Liang was located in Mianchi County and Wenchuan County, which was a province in the Western Wei Dynasty. In the third year of the Northern Zhou Dynasty (568), Wenchuan County was restored, and the county was still governed by Jiang Weicheng. Until the reign of Xuande in the Ming Dynasty, Hanshui Post (now the seat of Mianchi Township Government in Wenchuan County) was ruled.
after the founding of the People's Republic of China, it was moved to Fenchuan County in 1952 to govern Weizhou. In 1958, Wenchuan County was withdrawn and merged with Maoxian County and Lixian County to form Maowen Qiang Autonomous County. It was reset in 1963. At the end of 199, the county's administration was established as 3 towns and 14 townships.
local customs
because radish village is located in a high mountain, the Qiang culture here has not been impacted by foreign cultures before, so it has basically maintained its original customs at present. It also follows the custom that Qiang boys and girls fall in love and sing folk songs for thousands of years. During the Qiang festivals every year, in the stockade, the boys and girls not only sing songs with deep affection, but also dance with the villagers around the fireplace, eating large pieces of meat, drinking homemade rice wine, licking wine, playing Qiang flute, suona, kouxianqin and playing sheepskin drums all night, and the lively scenes are full.
Women are called buns here. Women usually weave, cook and raise livestock at home. Calling a man a handkerchief means a big deal. In Qiangzhai during the slack season, the men went out to work, the women moved out of the sewing basket, and the terrace and the threshold were full of embroidered women. Qiang people live in the mountains, close to the clouds, and the clouds rise after the rain. The clouds give them inspiration. They embroider the clouds on their shoes (including cuffs, skirts, trouser legs, and headscarves), step on them, walk in the clouds every step of the way, and live a life on them. Even the men in the stockade who don't wear traditional clothes wear Yunyun shoes without exception. The gorgeous and exquisite Yunyun shoes are very eye-catching under the men's blue and black Hanfu, adding tenderness to the Qiang men in Yingwu.
Most of the Qiang people's clothes are made of self-produced hemp and spun, commonly known as "linen shirts", or are made of cow wool and hung by thread, commonly known as "bamboo shirts", and some are cloth shirts, mostly in cyan. A man wears a belt around his waist, and a woman wears flowers around her waist. She wears a sleeveless sheepskin jacket and sandals or "Yunyun shoes" (Qiang embroidered cloth shoes). Due to the influence of the outside world, some young Qiang people in Radish Village usually wear Chinese costumes.
Qiang people's exquisite embroidery and embroidery techniques were popular as early as the Ming and Qing dynasties. Qiang women in Radish Village have been trained in picking flowers and embroidery techniques since childhood, and often engage in activities such as spinning, weaving hemp, picking flowers and embroidery after farming. They choose flowers and embroidery, one is not proofing, and the other is not marking. They freely use five-color silk thread and cotton thread based on their own ideas, and hand-picked and embroidered patterns rich in Qiang characteristics, such as colorful geometric patterns, lifelike flowers and animals. Looking at women's embroidery in radish village, most of them use embroidery, in addition to flowers, fiber flowers, chain buttons and hand embroidery. Cotton thread is often used to pick flowers, and the colors are mostly black and white, and the patterns are exquisite and meticulous, which looks simple and lively; The patterns of Na Hua and Xian Hua are delicate and beautiful, with strong color contrast. The chain buckle shows the Qiang people's vigorous, simple, rough and unrestrained artistic style. Most of the patterns of flower picking and embroidery are taken from folk production and life scenes, and flowers, grass, melons, fruits, birds and figures are everywhere. These patterns and scenery are exquisite and beautiful in form, with auspicious contents and full of longing for a happy life. There are dozens of main traditional patterns, such as "flowers are like brocade", "harmony between fish and water" and "melon and jelly", which make people fondle.
Each family in the stockade is an individual and an indispensable part of the extended family. "Returning work to help each other" is a long-standing traditional custom in the stockade, and everyone in the stockade comes to help. Marriage, funeral and house repair are important events for a family. Every time such a thing happens, we should first discuss it with the people of our own surname, and then tell the people in the whole village that a family should have at least four workers (one worker is a family who needs a person to help one day) without any cost or reward. Do whatever you can, and no one will be lazy or slip away. This situation is the same in all Qiang villages, and the difference is only in the algorithm of one worker.
economic overview
Wenchuan is the southern gate of Aba Prefecture and the "industrial economic corridor" of Aba Prefecture. By the end of 22, the gross domestic product reached 1,258.52 million yuan, the total agricultural output reached 165.43 million yuan, the total grain output reached 16,426 tons, and the per capita net income of farmers was 1,678 yuan. The adjustment of agricultural industrial structure has been further intensified. A 1,5-mu eco-agricultural science and technology demonstration park base and two 5-mu IPM demonstration parks without pesticide pollution have been established, and two trademarks of "Xiqiang Brand" and "Minjiang Brand" and five green signs of vegetables and fruits have been registered and activated, which have been listed as production and construction bases of pollution-free vegetables and dried fruits by the National Green Food Center. The construction of the three major forestry projects is progressing smoothly, with 943.9 hectares closed for afforestation, 813.4 hectares for aerial seeding and 3723.1 hectares for artificial afforestation. Completed 32,8 mu of ecological forest and .42 million mu of economic forest; The completed sand control area is 146,55,4 hectares. The industrial economy has developed rapidly, attracting investment has achieved tangible results. Industrial economic corridors and Shuimo Industrial Economic Park have been formed in Xuankou and Yingxiu areas, and Taoguan Industrial Economic Park is being established. There are 6 investment-attracting enterprises with scale, good benefits and assets of tens of millions of yuan, including Pandar Industrial Silicon Factory and Yuefa Smelting Co., Ltd.; The electric power industry is a sudden emergence. At present, more than 4 power stations at all levels have been built and put into operation, with an installed capacity of more than 1 million kilowatts. In early 1986, it was rated as one of the first five "primary rural electrification counties" in China.
Tourism resources have been further developed, and scenic spots such as Sanjiang Eco-tourism Zone, Xiqiang No.1 Village, Jiangweicheng Ancient Culture Site and Luobuzhai Folk Village have been developed. Remarkable achievements have been made in traffic construction. A transportation network extending in all directions has been built, with national highways 213 and 317 as the main lines and county, township and village roads as the branch lines, and asphalt roads are connected to townships and tractor roads are connected to villages. Posts and telecommunications have flourished, and the coverage rate of mobile and Unicom communication networks has reached more than 85%. PHS communication has been opened in county towns and major market towns, realizing program-controlled communication exchange and digital transmission. Urban construction is changing with each passing day. The urban area of Weizhou, the county seat, has reached 3.53 square kilometers, and has begun to take shape as a modern city. It has gradually formed a transportation distribution center and an educational and scientific research base in Aba Prefecture. "Surrounded by mountains on all sides, three mountains compete for beauty, two rivers compete for water, and one city crosses the river to build a new building" is a precise description of Weizhou today.
administrative divisions
Wenchuan county is located in the northwest edge of Sichuan basin, in the southeast of Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, with Pengzhou and Dujiangyan in the east, chongzhou city and Dayi counties in the south, Baoxing and Xiaojin counties in the west, and Lixian and Maoxian counties in the northwest and northeast respectively.
pinyin: Wenchuan Xian
code 513221.