Legal subjectivity:

Jurisdiction of tort liability: 1. Determination of the place of infringement. The place of infringement includes the place where the infringement is committed and the place where the infringement results occur. 2. Jurisdiction over product quality disputes. For lawsuits filed due to unqualified product quality causing damage to other people's property or personal life, the People's Court of the place where the product is manufactured, the place where the product is sold, the place where the infringement is committed, and the place where the defendant is domiciled shall have jurisdiction. 3. Determination of jurisdiction over reputation rights cases. Cases concerning reputation rights shall be under the jurisdiction of the court where the infringement occurred or where the defendant is domiciled. 4. Determination of jurisdiction over copyright infringement cases. (1) Litigation filed due to copyright infringement shall be under the jurisdiction of the people's court in the place where the infringement is committed, the place where the infringing copies are stored or where the infringing copies are stored or seized or detained, and the place where the defendant is domiciled. (2) For the same lawsuit filed against multiple defendants involving different places where the infringement was committed, the plaintiff can choose one of the defendants' infringement to be under the jurisdiction of the junior court; for a lawsuit filed against only one of the defendants, the defendant's infringement is The junior people's court has jurisdiction. (3) The storage place of infringing copies refers to the place where infringing copies are stored or concealed in large quantities or for commercial purposes; the place of sealing and seizure refers to the place where the customs, copyright, industry and commerce and other administrative agencies seal and detain infringing copies in accordance with the law. 5. Jurisdiction over patent infringement cases. (1) Litigation filed due to infringement of patent rights shall be under the jurisdiction of the people's court at the place where the infringement occurred or where the defendant is domiciled. (2) The plaintiff only files a lawsuit against the manufacturer of the infringing product, but does not sue the seller. If the place where the infringing product is manufactured is inconsistent with the place where it is sold, the people's court of the place of manufacture has jurisdiction; if the manufacturer and seller are the same defendants, the plaintiff , the People's Court of the place of sale has jurisdiction. The seller is a branch of the manufacturer. If the plaintiff sues the manufacturer of the infringing product in the place of sale for the manufacturing and sales activities, the people's court of the place of sale has jurisdiction. 6. Trademark infringement cases. Civil lawsuits filed due to infringement of registered trademark rights shall be under the jurisdiction of the people's court at the place where the infringement is committed, the place where the infringing goods are stored or seized, and the place where the defendant is domiciled. Article 28 of the Civil Procedure Law: Litigation initiated due to infringement shall be under the jurisdiction of the people's court at the place where the infringement occurred or where the defendant is domiciled. Legal objectivity:

Article 1165 of the "People's Republic of China and Civil Code" If an actor causes damage due to wrongful infringement of the civil rights and interests of others, he shall bear tort liability. According to legal provisions, it is presumed that the actor is at fault, but if he cannot prove that he is not at fault, he shall bear tort liability. Article 1166 of the "People's Liberation Army and Civil Code of the People's Republic of China" If an actor causes damage to the civil rights and interests of others, regardless of whether the actor is at fault or not, and the law stipulates that he should bear tort liability, such provisions shall apply. Article 1167 of the "People's Liberation Army and Civil Code of the People's Republic of China" If an infringement endangers the personal or property safety of others, the infringer has the right to request the infringer to bear tort liability such as ceasing the infringement, removing obstacles, and eliminating danger.