1, Landscape Design Theme
Landscape design is a thinking process and planning strategy for people with relevant professional knowledge such as architecture, plants, aesthetics and literature to consciously transform the natural environment on the basis of traditional garden theory. Specifically, it is the process of creating a beautiful natural environment, living and recreation environment by transforming the terrain, planting plants, building buildings, arranging garden roads, and using landscape art and engineering technology within a certain geographical scope. Through landscape design, the environment has aesthetic appreciation value and daily use function, and can ensure the sustainable development of ecology.
With the continuous improvement of people's living standards, people's requirements for living environment are getting higher and higher, so urban landscape construction in various places has become a very important content in urban construction. Whether urban landscape planning can adapt to the development and requirements of urban construction and how to meet the needs of urban residents will become an important measure of "livability". As a kind of humanistic landscape, urban garden landscape is a synthesis of natural landscape and artificial landscape, and it is an important part of urban form. In order to achieve the ideal state of "living poetically", original urban landscape design must be carried out to maximize the landscape value.
The content of urban gardens varies greatly according to the starting point. For large-scale watershed management, urban master planning is based on geography and ecology; In the design of medium-sized theme parks, street landscape design often starts from the perspective of planning and gardening; Relatively small city squares, residential gardens and even residential courtyards are all from the perspective of detailed planning and architecture. Different gardens face different people and express different theme connotations.
Step 2 Use original ecological elements
In landscape design, it is necessary to obtain greater greening and better landscape design effect with less investment, so we should fully respect the original ecological elements and make full use of the original terrain, vegetation and other elements to achieve the design purpose. Interpret the site from the regional scale, analyze the landscape characteristics of the existing urban built-up areas and the relationship between the site and the external environment, and grasp the development context and direction. The comprehensive analysis of the site includes the analysis of natural elements, regional characteristics and human landscape in the site. In fact, the comprehensive analysis of the site is also a process of finding and interpreting the landscape and the earth. On the basis of full investigation of various factors, comprehensive analysis is made to put forward favorable factors, unfavorable factors and development potential. Detailed site analysis can effectively provide guidance for planning. For example, in practice, the original rocks and plants can be used to modify the site later to make the original landscape more in line with the design ideas.
3. Protective urban landscape
Urban landscape protection design must follow the protection of natural landscape, strictly speaking, it is ecological design. The natural heritage site of eco-city contains representative biological communities and landscape samples, in which the animal and plant species, habitats and landforms are of protection, education, recreation and popular science significance. According to the different management purposes, it can be further divided into ecological protection type, ecological tourism type and ecological popular science type. In urban landscape design and construction, biodiversity is a factor that must be considered. Urban landscape is an indispensable part of people's life and production. In urban landscape design, the positive and negative effects of landscape design on biodiversity and ecological environment must be considered. The protection design of architectural landscape must fully consider the optimal utilization of resources, and the rational utilization of resources is the top priority of the overall urban design. Replacing all the old things to meet the new requirements will waste resources and be expensive, which will destroy the whole city or even an area. Failure to meet today's needs and predict tomorrow's needs may lead to economic and cultural self-destruction. We must break the balance somewhere, take Scientific Outlook on Development as the guide, combine the local reality and refer to the experience of other places, and do a good job in urban landscape protection.
4. Interactive urban landscape
The planning and design of modern urban landscape should be based on interactive landscape to provide more abundant entertainment activities for residents' life and leisure. In the planning and design of modern urban landscape, more and more landscape planning and design are aimed at "landscape" and "view", paying attention to the design of "landscape" and ignoring the interaction between people and landscape. For example, in the planning and design of urban landscape, stereoscopic landscape sculpture, plant sculpture and other forms are increasingly used to highlight the central idea of single landscape or local landscape, and people's leisure activities in gardens are also mainly "viewing". According to the concept of modern psychological research and landscape design, modern urban landscape planning and design should pay more attention to the interaction between landscape and tourists, and provide more fun for people's leisure and entertainment in an interactive way. Although more and more waterscapes are used to improve the overall landscape effect in modern garden landscape, they can't make good use of waterscapes to achieve interactive effect. Although some waterscape fountains are designed to be interactive, they cannot realize the interaction between people and management. The planning and design of modern urban landscape design is based on interaction.
5. The application of trees in urban landscape
Trees are the main undertakers of urban landscape functions and bear the responsibility of protecting and improving the urban environment. Tree species planning is an important part of urban landscape planning.
The planning of tree species is very important for the formation of a good ecosystem in the whole city, which needs serious study. The principle of tree species planning is to enrich tree species. From the ecological point of view, the richer the tree species, the higher the stability of the system and the more vigorous the population. The site conditions required by urban climate, soil and other plants are relatively poor, so the selection of tree species should consider the richness of tree species, maintain species diversity and enhance the vitality of the whole community.
Mainly native tree species. Native tree species have strong adaptability to climate and soil, are easy to survive, have local characteristics, and have many sources of seedlings, so they should be the main urban greening tree species. Protophytes can easily exchange energy flow, material flow and gene flow of communities in adjacent areas, forming local or similar native habitats, which is strongly recommended and endorsed by ecology.
6, the importance of landscaping maintenance
At present, the present situation of landscaping maintenance management is very important in landscaping construction. The so-called "three-point planting and seven-point management", however, the management and maintenance of landscaping is still a weak link in the greening industry. It is manifested in several aspects: 1 Lack of sufficient attention and understanding to the maintenance and management of landscaping projects. The maintenance and management of landscaping projects need to invest a lot of manpower, financial resources and material resources. Many construction units give free maintenance for two or even three years as a preferential condition during the construction bidding period, so many landscaping projects only emphasize construction and neglect management, and the survival rate of seedlings is low, and the maintenance management is not in place, which leads to poor greening effect and difficult to receive the expected effect.
The phenomenon of occupying green and destroying green is serious. At present, the laws and regulations on social protection of landscaping are not perfect. Many new roads are used for greening and gardening, such as Nanjing Road, Yingzhou South Road and Fubang Road. , occupy the green and destroy the green. Many residents vandalized municipal roads to open stores, and residents of residential areas tied ropes to dry clothes at will, privately opened up green spaces to grow vegetables, hacked down trees, threw garbage into green spaces and folded flowers and trees. These unhealthy phenomena have brought great difficulties to the maintenance and management of landscaping.
Lack of maintenance quality standards. At present, many greening construction and maintenance enterprises not only fail to meet the standards of the construction department, but also have no fixed workplace. The maintenance management level of engineers and technicians is limited, so the maintenance management level is low.
7, improve the level of maintenance management
Landscaping should be scientifically designed and rationally distributed according to its different use functions and properties, with native tree species as the main ones. Trees, shrubs, ground cover plants and lawns should be rationally allocated according to ecological principles, and evergreen and deciduous plants should be matched to meet the site conditions required for plant growth. During the construction process, it is necessary to improve the green soil, level the site, strictly follow the drawings, the elevation is in place, the terrain is smooth and full, the setting-out is smooth and beautiful, the seedlings are strong, the shape is beautiful, the tree shape is perfect, the planting technology is ingenious, scientific and reasonable, and the subsequent technical measures should be in place, so that a tree can survive, flowers and trees can survive and grow vigorously, and the overall effect of the garden landscape can be fully reflected.
Formulate the technical standards and operational specifications for the maintenance management of garden green chemicals, so as to make the maintenance management scientific and standardized. As a landscaping construction unit, we should formulate a set of reasonable, efficient, scientific and comprehensive landscaping maintenance management system in strict accordance with the technical standards and operational norms of landscaping chemical maintenance management, and carry out standardized and scientific management of landscaping maintenance work. Only in this way, the landscape effect and quality of garden green space can be greatly improved and qualitatively leaped.
8. Technical measures for maintenance
In the management of greening maintenance, it is necessary to understand the planting types and the characteristics of various trees and flowers, and focus on the maintenance and management of fertilizer, water, diseases, insects and pruning. Fuyang city vigorously promotes the planting of native tree species in the process of landscaping, and strives to achieve the best landscape effect and effectively control pests and diseases. The main pests of greening trees are longicorn beetles, psyllids, liriomyza sativae, liriomyza sativae, clams and scarabs. The main diseases are root rot, powdery mildew and anthracnose. , prevention first, comprehensive prevention and control.
Grassland maintenance is mainly alopecia areata-free, evergreen all the year round. According to the length of planting time, green grassland can be divided into four stages: long full period, prosperous period, slow period and degradation period. Trees, shrubs and hedges should be trimmed regularly, especially the formed shrub balls and hedges. The appearance of shrubs can be determined by greening technicians according to their types and positions. Shrub shapes include: round, mushroom, cylinder, triangle, square, diamond and so on. Pesticide disinfection management, cleaning and weeding. According to the symptoms, different kinds of drugs should be used in turn to avoid drug resistance of pests and diseases. Spring and summer are the peak season of pests and diseases, so we should pay special attention to the prevention and control of pests and diseases, trim the tree shape, cut off the diseased branches of dead trees, eliminate eggs and cocoons and reduce the sources of pests.
Modern urban landscaping has become an important part of urban construction, which has an important impact on the investment environment and life comfort of the city. As an important part of urban landscaping, urban landscape planning and design has an important impact on urban landscaping. It not only aims at purifying air, reducing dust and absorbing noise, but also divides space and beautifies garden environment through landscape design. As an important part of urban leisure places, garden landscape requires high ornamental, energy-saving and scientific. Scientific selection of garden plants can maintain urban ecological balance and promote urban comprehensive ecological environment construction. At the same time, it is necessary to improve the comprehensive cultural atmosphere of the city through the planning and design of garden landscape, and lay the foundation for the improvement of urban investment environment and human settlement environment.
The planning of modern urban gardens should be based on the protection of urban ecological environment, and all available space in gardens should be used to increase urban greening area. In order to promote the improvement of urban comprehensive environment and improve people's living comfort. This requires modern urban landscape designers to integrate the basic information of the city and the basic situation of the garden, focusing on local plants. Humanization, positive, novel and not impetuous, beautiful and practical, simple to meet the needs, in line with ecological requirements are the principles and objectives of landscape planning and design.
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