Encyclopedia ---Pan Tianhua.

Pantian Town is located in the middle of Fengshun County, Guangdong Province, bordering the four towns of Tangkeng, Fengliang, Huanghuang and Liuhuang respectively. The water system of this town belongs to the Hanjiang River Basin. The town has jurisdiction over 13 natural villages including Xuntian, Zhongchen, Tianjiang, Songbai, Huating, Liukeng, Shikeng, Xinnan, Xinlian, Shangji, Xindong, Cluster and Tiekeng, as well as the Panxin Community Residents Committee. The town has a population of more than 30,000. The dialect of Pantian Town is academically classified as Hakka, but in fact it is quite different from ordinary Hakka. People in Fengshun often call their Hakka dialect slang (nià-w?ī), and Pantian dialect is also called snake snail (sà). -w?ī), 苋客话(tsià-kǎk). In some rural areas of Fengshun County, such as Jingmen, Chabei, Xiandong, Donglian, Liuhuang and other towns, there are a total of about a thousand people who speak a dialect close to Pantian dialect.

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Pantian Town borders four towns including Fengliang, Tangkeng, Huanghuang and Liuhuang. The dialects of this town are now generally classified to the Hakka dialect, but the local dialect of Pantian is quite different from the dialects of neighboring areas. Among the four towns bordering Pantian Town, Fengliang Town speaks Hakka with Fengliang accent, and Huanghuang Town mainly speaks Hakka with Longxi accent. There is not much difference between Fengliang accent and Huanghuang Longxi accent. In addition, the southern part of Huanghuang Town Administrative villages such as Putong, Putoujiao, Shentian, Yangshi, and Huangdong are also dialect islands of Minnan dialect in Zhangzhou, Fujian. Liuhuang Town is a pure Chaozhou-speaking town. All residents in the town are proficient in Chaozhou dialect, and some of the residents are also proficient in Hakka dialect. Tangkeng Town and its surrounding towns such as Tangxi, Puzhai, Donglian, and Beidou mainly speak the Tangkeng accent, commonly known as Banshanhe dialect. Residents of Sam Tang Pian who speak Tangkeng accents have a strong sense of locality and usually do not agree with the classification of Hakka, especially the older generation. The younger generation of Sam Tang Pian is already more willing to accept the Hakka terminology. In addition, in Tangkeng, Puzhai, Tangxi, Tangnan and other towns in Santangpian, Chaozhou dialect that is not a Hakka dialect is popular in some villages. The mainstream dialect in the urban area has been Chaozhou dialect since ancient times, not Banshanhe dialect, which is a Hakka dialect! If the Pantian dialect is different from the Hakka dialect in Meixian County, it is because Pantian is far away from Meixian County, then why is there such a huge difference between the Pantian dialect and the dialects in neighboring towns? It turns out that there is a fundamental difference between the Pantian residents and the Hakka people that later formed! According to research, Pantian Town has been inhabited as early as the pre-Qin period. They are the ancestors of Pantian and belong to the Baiyue people, an indigenous ethnic group in ancient Lingnan. Since Qin Shihuang unified Lingnan, batches of immigrants from the Central Plains have migrated to the mountainous areas of eastern Guangdong, causing a typical mountainous area like Pantian to gradually form a pattern of residents with many surnames. Most of the genealogies of the residents of Pantian Town can be traced back to before the Sui Dynasty (the Six Dynasties period). It can be seen that the ancestors of Pantian Town today are the first batch of Han immigrants in Lingnan to realize the integration of the Han immigrants in Lingnan and the Baiyue indigenous people in Lingnan. The Hakka immigrants who moved to Guangdong from Shibi Village had to settle in the land of eastern Guangdong early. It is said that the name of Pantian Town is related to Pangu. Legend has it that in ancient times, Pangu was born here. Later, Pangu created the world and created an environment suitable for human habitation in the chaotic universe. In order to commemorate him, people named this land It is "Panting", which means the place where Pangu lived, and its homophone is Pantian.

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Although Pantian dialect is also classified as Hakka, it has one most obvious difference from the surrounding Hakka dialects, that is, the Pantian dialect The pronunciation of the first person is different from ordinary Hakka. In general, the first person pronoun "I" in Hakka dialect is pronounced as ?ái (爱), and the tone is Yangping; the first person pronoun "I" in Pantian dialect is pronounced as ?ōi (impediment), and the tone is Yinping, and it changes to rising tone when pronounced continuously. Authentic Pantian dialect has an obvious call (ü), as well as finals such as i?, e?, ik, and ek.

I?ōi (note that the final rhyme is round-mouthed 'o', not 'a'); you?ī; he kǖ; we?ǒi-sā (ān-sā); you?ǐ-sā; they kǚ-sā; me 的?à; your ?ià; his kià; who nèi-sā This nià; that gòi; which nèi; here nià-hó? (匌去) (niā-d?ì); where gòi-hó? (嗰 Go) (gòi-d?ì); where nèi-hó? (Nai go) (nèi-d?ì) is hě; want?ǐ (oī); don’t m?ǐ (moī); have yū; don’t have mū　Go hǚ (note that Pantian dialect has the characteristics of Ximu Xiaohua); do zǔ; what are you doing zū-?à (zū-mōk) get up hǒ?-hí (original character is 'Kangqi'); eat shīt; eat shiā- p?; go home ūn-ǔk-kā (髫屋卡) speak wǎ; speak w?ī; speak wǎ-w?ī; know w?ǐ (wuǐ); not know muǐ so/so gàn (Meizhou Hakka general There is no initial consonant 'g', but the Pantian dialect here has the initial consonant) What m?k-gòi (m?k-sē); gè; and/with gǎK; how about nǒ?-z?; not m (tone is the first sound, Yinping); good hóu; bad hǎi; nao móu; raining lōk-hēu (lōk-shuí) tired h?t (the original character may be '痎') (hōt); sleepy?ién- kǔn (original character is 'eye sleepiness') (mǔk-siěp) or hūt; perhaps hūt-hǘ; fire hvó; also hān-yū; pay back money hài-tsièn (wān-); take giēm (original character is 'pick up' ) (tě); to give būn (the original character is '攽'); to close the door wǔn-mùn just diǎ? (Hakka generally say zà?, which means only, only, and just right); more kà Look at t?ì (tài) (Generally speaking, Hakka people say kòn, while authentic Pantian people speak tài, which is the same as the She people’s terminology); look at faces tài-siǒ? Eyes? ién-zhū; sleep kǔn-gào (original character is sleepy) (shǔi-mǔk ); tears mǔk-zhěp (mǔk-zh?p) think about nūm (siǒ?); look for gēn (the original character is 'with'); follow nièm (the original character is 'stick') make money zǎn-tsièn; in tsǐt ( tět); play liǎo (tsǐt-tsò); not yet mè? (mà?) The continuous ending is gín (Meizhou Hakka generally uses 'waiting', Fengshun often uses dǒk (出), while Pan Tian uses 'jin (gín) )') Perfect tense ends with liǎo, lǐ, hǚ, tět Daughter niǜ (niǜ-d?ì); Son lài (lài-d?ì); Woman niǜ-d?ì; Man nàm-d?ì Yesterday tǎi- ?ǐt (tsā-?ǐt); today gīm-?ǐt; tomorrow tiēn-?ǐt (shèu-zóu); morning zhēn-shīn (zhēn-shīn-tèu); morning shǒ?-zhěu; noon dō?-zhěu; Afternoon? iěn-zhěu (hā-zhěu); evening ǎm-biēn (ǎm-biēn-tèu); evening ǎm-bō; now gīm-z? (original character is 'now'); just now tēu-siēn-z? (head first); previous shā?-lín (成辚); future hǎ-lín (下辚) one r?t (yǐt); two?ǐ; three sám; four sǐ (h?); five ń (? ú); six lǔk; seven tsǐt; eight bǎt (b?t); nine géu; ten shēp (sh?p); east dū?, west sē (sī), south nàm, north běk; hundred bǎk, thousand tsiēn, Wanmǎn, Zhaozhěu, Yiyīk; bitter (indicating taste) hvú; bitter (indicating hardship) kú. The tonal characteristics of Pantian dialect are basically the same as those of Cantonese.

In some villages in Fenglang Town and Guangde Town in Dabu County in the mountainous area of ??eastern Guangdong, as well as in Jingmen and Chabei Town in Fengshun County and Luoxi Town in Luhe County, there are also dialects similar to Pantian dialect. . According to research, in these places with dialects similar to Pantian dialect, the local ancestors migrated from Boluo County and Dongguan County during the Sui and Tang Dynasties.