Zhongshan is a prefecture-level city in Guangdong Province. Zhongshan City, known as Xiangshan in ancient times, is a prefecture-level city under the jurisdiction of Guangdong Province. It is located south of the central Pearl River Delta at the lower reaches of the Xijiang River and Beijiang River. It is one of the 4 undistricted cities in the country. One of the prefecture-level cities.

Which province is Zhongshan in?

It is understood that Zhongshan is a prefecture-level city in Guangdong Province and one of the four prefecture-level cities without districts in the country. As of September 2022, The city covers an area of ??1,783.67 square kilometers and governs 8 streets and 15 towns.

As of the end of 2021, Zhongshan City has a permanent population of 4.4669 million.

Natural resources

Water resources

There are 13 outer rivers and 1,041 inner rivers within the scope of Zhongshan City. The total length of the inner rivers is about 2,016.35 kilometers. The river network Densely covered and with a wide basin. The city's 1,041 rivers are divided into 15 basins, and there are 6 basins with a basin area greater than 100 square kilometers, namely the Qijiang River Basin, the Qianshan River Basin, the Minsanlianwei Basin, the Xiaoyinchong Basin, and the Wuxiang Dananlianwei Basin. Basin and Namlang Basin.

Mineral Resources

Zhongshan City does not have many types of minerals, and metal minerals are in short supply. The dominant minerals mainly include granite for construction, mineral water, underground hot water, sand and refractory clay. The minerals that have been discovered and developed include granite stone, sand, refractory clay, mineral water, and underground hot water. Among them, the stones are mainly biotite granite, biotite monzogranite and granodiorite, which are widely distributed in the city's low mountains, hills and terraces. Wuguishan and Zhusongling have the most abundant reserves; underground hot water contains fluorine , radon, has medical value and can be used in hot spring baths, mainly distributed in Sanxiang, Tanzhou, Cuiheng and other places; mineral water is a mineral resource development industry that emerged in the late 1980s. It is granite fissure water and is metasilicic acid. Low-salinity natural mineral water is mainly distributed in the mountainous areas from Wugui Mountain to Shenwan; the sand material is mainly medium-coarse quartz sand, mainly distributed in the coastal areas of Longxue and Xiasha-belt in the east of the city; refractory clay is mainly distributed Near Haotou Village, Zhongshan Torch High-tech Industrial Development Zone.

Plant Resources

The representative vegetation type in Zhongshan City is subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest, and the representative vegetation type is subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest. The city has 1,771 species of vascular plants in 912 genera and 217 families, including 1,235 species of wild vascular plants in 646 genera and 186 families, accounting for one-sixth of the total in Guangdong Province. The city’s forest coverage rate is 23.10%. Wugui Mountain, the only mountainous area in the city, has 1,539 species of vascular plants in 844 genera and 209 families, including 1,003 species of wild vascular plants in 573 genera and 178 families, accounting for 96.3%, 92.5% and 86.9% of the total number of vascular plant families, genera and species in the city respectively. %, accounting for 95.7%, 88.7% and 81.2% of the total number of wild vascular plant families, genera and species in the city; there are more than 10,000 wild agarwood plants.

Animal Resources

The main activity areas of large and medium-sized mammals in Zhongshan City are located in the low hills and hills of Wugui Mountain and the high hills of Baishui Forest Mountain. There are 230 species of vertebrates in the city, including birds. There are 159 species in 15 orders and 45 families, 31 species in 13 families and 6 orders of mammals, 11 species in 1 order and 5 families of amphibians, and 29 species in 1 order and 7 families of reptiles. There are 21 national key protected species, 1 national first-level key protected species, namely the python; 20 national second-level key protected species, including Chinese pangolin, otter, small civet, spotted forest raccoon, black-winged kite, black-eared kite, White-bellied sea eagle, snake eagle, crested eagle, red-bellied hawk, sparrow hawk, common buzzard, white-bellied falcon eagle, kestrel, brown-winged cuckoo, lesser cuckoo, collared owl, eagle owl, eagle owl, tiger Striped frog; plain areas are dominated by reptiles, amphibians, birds and rodents; aquatic animals include fish and crustaceans.

Geographical environment

Zhongshan City is located in the south-central part of Guangdong Province, south of the central part of the Pearl River Delta, where the lower reaches of the West and Beijiang Rivers exit the sea. It borders Nansha District of Guangzhou City and Shunde District of Foshan City to the north, and Shunde District of Foshan City to the west. It is adjacent to Jiangmen City, Xinhui District and Zhuhai Doumen District, connected to Zhuhai City in the southeast, and facing Shenzhen City and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region across the Lingding Ocean at the Pearl River Estuary in the east. The entire territory is located between 22°11′-22°47′ north latitude and 113°09′-113°46′ east longitude. The administrative jurisdiction area is 1783.67 square kilometers. The city center is 86 kilometers away from downtown Guangzhou by land in the north, 65 kilometers away from Macau in the southeast, and 52 nautical miles from Zhongshan Port to Hong Kong by water.

Topography

The terrain of Zhongshan City is mainly plain, with high terrain in the middle and flat surroundings. The plain area slopes from northwest to southeast.

Mountains such as Wugui Mountain and Zhusong Ridge stand out in the central and southern part of the city. The main peak of Wugui Mountain is 531 meters above sea level, the highest peak in the city. The landform consists of low mountains, hills, and terraces on the continental shelf, as well as alluvial plains and beaches at the Pearl River Estuary. Among them, low mountains, hills, and terraces account for 24% of the entire territory. The general altitude is 10-200 meters, and the soil type is red soil. Plains and tidal flats account for 68% of the entire territory, with an average altitude of -0.5 to 1 meter. The plain soil types are paddy soil and basic water land, and coastal salt marsh soil and coastal sandy soil are widely distributed in the tidal flats. The river area accounts for 8% of the entire territory. The Xihai Water Channel and Modaomen Water Channel in the lower reaches of the Xijiang River flow through the western boundary of the city from north to south, and exit from Modaomen to the South China Sea. The Hongqi Leach Channel in the lower reaches of the Beijiang River passes through the northeastern boundary of the city from northwest to southeast. Exit the Pearl River Estuary from Hongqi Gate. Branches crisscross the area, among which the Xiaolan Waterway and the Jiya Waterway run across the northern half of the city, and merge into the Hengmen Waterway and exit from the Pearl River Estuary through Hengmen. The water system is divided into two parts: the plain river network and the low-mountain and hilly river network. The river network in the plain area is deeply affected by the ocean tides of the South China Sea and has the characteristics of a typical estuary area.

Climate

Zhongshan City has a subtropical monsoon climate, with abundant light, heat and rainfall. The annual average temperature (1981-2010) is 22.5℃. Rainfall is abundant, with an average annual precipitation of 1886 mm and a sunshine duration of 1705.4 hours. The annual average number of thunderstorm days is 68.2. Disaster weather mainly includes typhoons, heavy rains and severe convection. Zhongshan has excellent air quality, high forest vegetation index, good ecological environment, rich climate resources, abundant water resources and excellent water quality.

Hydrology

Zhongshan City is located in the south-central part of the Pearl River Delta, bordering Lingding Ocean to the east. Among the eight major waterways of the Pearl River, there are three through the city: Modaomen, Hengmen and Hongqili. Go to sea. The city has vast plains, undulating hills, and heavy and intense rainfall. The water system can be divided into two distinct but interrelated parts: the plain river network and the low mountain and hilly river network. The river network in the plain area is deeply affected by the ocean tides of the South China Sea and has the characteristics of a typical estuary area. The plain river network in Zhongshan City is one of the main components of the networked water system in the Pearl River Estuary area. It presents a fan-shaped network river system extending roughly from northwest to southeast. The riverbed elevations of the plain river network within the city are all below sea level, and the gradient is very small. The longitudinal and transverse sections of most riverbeds show undulations, and only the longitudinal section of the Modaomen Channel riverbed shows an inverse drop. Most of the rivers in the low-mountain and hilly areas of Zhongshan City flow into the main branches and tributaries of the Pearl River, and a small part of them flow alone into the Lingding Ocean at the mouth of the Pearl River. Therefore, they still belong to the Pearl River system. Affected by geological structures and landforms, rivers and streams show the characteristics of a radial grid distribution with Wugui Mountain as the center and spreading to the surrounding areas.