General process of export trade
Quotation, ordering, payment method, stocking, packaging, customs clearance procedures, shipping, transportation insurance, bill of lading, and foreign exchange settlement.
1. Quotation
In international trade, the inquiry and quotation of products generally start the trade. Among them, the quotation for export products mainly includes: the quality level of the product, the specifications and models of the product, whether the product has special packaging requirements, the quantity of the product purchased, the delivery time requirements, the transportation method of the product, the material of the product, etc. .
The more commonly used quotations include: FOB "free on board", CNF "cost and freight", CIF "cost, insurance and freight" and other forms.
2. Ordering (Signing)
After the trading parties reach an intention on the quotation, the buyer's company formally places an order and negotiates with the seller's company on some related matters. After both parties negotiate and approve, they need to sign "Purchase Contract". In the process of signing the "Purchase Contract", we mainly discuss the product name, specifications and models, quantity, price, packaging, origin, shipping period, payment terms, settlement method, claims, arbitration, etc., and the agreement reached after the negotiation Write the "Purchase Contract". This marks the official start of export operations. Under normal circumstances, a purchase contract signed in duplicate shall be valid with the official seal of the company stamped by both parties, and each party shall keep one copy.
3. Payment methods
There are three commonly used international payment methods, namely letter of credit payment method, TT payment method and direct payment method. 1. Payment method for letter of credit
Letter of credit is divided into two categories: smooth letter of credit and documentary letter of credit. A documentary letter of credit refers to a letter of credit with specified documents attached, and a letter of credit without any documents is called a clean letter of credit. Simply put, a letter of credit is a guarantee document that guarantees the exporter to recover the payment. Please note that the shipment period of export goods should be within the validity period of the L/C, and the L/C presentation period must be submitted no later than the validity date of the L/C.
Letter of credit is the most common method of payment in international trade. The issuance date of the letter of credit should be clear, clear and complete. Several state-owned commercial banks in China, such as Bank of China, China Construction Bank, Agricultural Bank of China, Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, etc., are all able to issue letters of credit (the issuance fees of these major banks are 1.5% of the issuance amount) ‰).
2. TT payment method
TT payment method is settled in foreign exchange cash. Your customer will remit the money to the foreign exchange bank account designated by your company, and you can request the goods to arrive. The money will be remitted within a certain period of time.
3. Direct payment method
It means that the buyer and seller pay directly for delivery.
4. Stocking
Stocking plays a very important role in the entire trade process and must be implemented one by one in accordance with the contract. The main verification contents of stock preparation are as follows:
1. The quality and specifications of the goods should be verified according to the requirements of the contract.
2. Quantity of goods: Ensure that the quantity requirements of the contract or letter of credit are met.
3. Preparation time: It should be arranged according to the letter of credit and combined with the shipping schedule to facilitate the connection of ships and cargos.
5. Packaging
You can choose the packaging form (such as cartons, wooden boxes, woven bags, etc.) according to different goods. Different packaging forms have different packaging requirements.
1. General export packaging standards: Packaging according to common standards for trade exports.
2. Special export packaging standards: Export goods are packaged according to the special requirements of customers.
3. The packaging and shipping mark (shipping mark) of the goods: they should be carefully inspected and verified to ensure that they comply with the provisions of the letter of credit.
6. Customs clearance procedures
Customs clearance procedures are extremely cumbersome and important. If customs clearance cannot be completed smoothly, the transaction cannot be completed.
1. Export commodities subject to statutory inspection must obtain an export commodity inspection certificate.
At present, my country's import and export commodity inspection work mainly includes four links:
○Accepting inspection application: Inspection application means that the foreign trade relations person applies to the commodity inspection agency for inspection.
○ Sampling: After the commodity inspection agency accepts the inspection application, it will promptly send personnel to the cargo storage location to conduct on-site inspection and identification.
○Inspection: After accepting the inspection application, the commodity inspection agency will carefully study the declared inspection items and determine the inspection content. And carefully review the quality, specifications, and packaging provisions of the contract (letter of credit), clarify the basis for inspection, and determine the inspection standards and methods. (Inspection methods include sampling inspection, instrumental analysis inspection; physical inspection; sensory inspection; microbial inspection, etc.)
○Certificate issuance: In terms of export, all export commodities listed in the "Type List" will be subject to commodity inspection After the agency passes the inspection, it will issue a release order (or stamp a release stamp on the "Export Goods Declaration Form" in place of the release order).
2. Professional personnel holding customs declaration certificates must go to the customs to handle customs clearance procedures with packing lists, invoices, customs declaration letters of attorney, export settlement verification forms, copies of export goods contracts, export commodity inspection certificates and other documents. .
○The packing list is the packing details of export products provided by the exporter.
○The invoice is a certificate of export products provided by the exporter.
○The customs declaration power of attorney is a certificate that a unit or individual without customs declaration capabilities entrusts a customs declaration agency to perform customs declaration.
○The export verification document is applied by the exporting unit to the foreign exchange bureau. It refers to a document that allows units with export capabilities to obtain export tax rebates.
○Commodity inspection certificate is obtained after passing the inspection by the entry-exit inspection and quarantine department or its designated inspection agency. It is the collective name for various import and export commodity inspection certificates, identification certificates and other certificates. It is a valid document with a legal basis for all parties involved in foreign trade to perform contractual obligations, handle claims and disputes, negotiate and arbitrate, and provide evidence in litigation. It is also a necessary proof for customs inspection and release, collection of tariffs, and preferential tariff reductions.
7. Shipment
During the cargo shipment process, you can decide the shipping method according to the quantity of the goods, and insure according to the insurance types stipulated in the "Purchase Contract". Optional:
1. Fully equipped container
Types of containers (also known as containers):
(1) According to specifications and sizes: currently, internationally Commonly used dry containers (DRY CONTAINER) are:
The outer dimensions are 20 feet , referred to as 40-foot container; and the 40-foot X 8-foot X 9-foot 6-inch container that has been used more frequently in recent years, referred to as 40-foot high container.
20-foot container: The internal volume is 5.69 meters Container: The internal volume is 11.8 meters m Generally, it is 29 tons and the volume is 86 cubic meters.
20-foot open-top container: internal volume is 5.89 meters /p>
40-foot open-top container: internal volume is 12.01 meters The volume is 5.85 meters The gross weight is 36 tons and the volume is 50 cubic meters.
(2) According to the container material: aluminum alloy container, steel plate container, fiberboard container, fiberglass container.
(3) According to Purpose: dry container; refrigerated container (REEFER CONTAINER); hanger container (DRESS HANGER CONTAINER); open top container (OPEN TOP CONTAINER); frame container (FLAT RACK CONTAINER); tank container (TANK CONTAINER).
2. Assembled containers
Assembled containers generally calculate freight based on the volume and weight of export goods.
8. Transportation Insurance
Usually both parties have agreed on matters related to transportation insurance in advance when signing the "Purchase Contract". Common insurances include marine cargo transportation insurance, land and air mail transportation insurance, etc. Among them, the risks covered by marine cargo insurance clauses are divided into two categories: basic risks and additional risks:
(1) Basic risks include Ping An Insurance (Free from Particular Average-F.P.A), There are three types of water damage insurance (With Average or With Particular Average-W.A or W.P.A) and All Risk-A.R. The scope of liability of Ping An insurance includes: total loss of cargo due to natural disasters at sea; overall loss of cargo during loading, unloading and transshipment; sacrifice, sharing and rescue expenses due to general damage; due to transport ships running aground or running aground. , total loss and partial loss of cargo caused by sinking, collision, flood, and explosion. Water damage insurance is one of the basic insurances of marine transportation insurance. According to the insurance terms of the People's Insurance Company of China, in addition to the risks listed in Ping An Insurance, its scope of liability also bears the risks of natural disasters such as severe weather, lightning, tsunamis, and floods. The coverage of all risks coverage is equivalent to the sum of water damage insurance and general additional insurance.
(2) Additional risks. There are two types of additional insurance: general additional insurance and special additional insurance. General additional insurances include theft and loss of goods, fresh water and rain insurance, theft and shortage insurance, leakage insurance, breakage and breaking insurance, hook damage insurance, mixed contamination insurance, packaging rupture insurance, mildew insurance, moisture and heat insurance, and odor transfer. Risk etc. Special additional risks include war risk, strike risk, etc.
9. Bill of Lading
The bill of lading is a document issued by the foreign shipping company after the exporter has completed the export customs clearance procedures and the customs has released it for the importer to pick up the goods and settle foreign exchange.
The signed bill of lading is issued according to the number of copies required in the letter of credit, usually three. The exporter keeps two copies to handle tax refund and other services, and one copy is sent to the importer for handling procedures such as picking up the goods.
When shipping goods by sea, the importer must present the original bill of lading, packing list, and invoice to pick up the goods. (The exporter must send the original bill of lading, packing list, and invoice to the importer.)
If the goods are shipped by air, you can directly use the fax of the bill of lading, packing list, and invoice to pick up the goods.
X. Settlement of foreign exchange
After the export goods are loaded, the import and export company should correctly prepare (packing list, invoice, bill of lading, export certificate of origin, export certificate, etc.) in accordance with the provisions of the letter of credit. foreign exchange settlement) and other documents. Within the validity period of presentation stipulated in the letter of credit, submit it to the bank for negotiation and settlement procedures.
In addition to L/C settlement, other remittance methods generally include telegraphic transfer (TELEGRAPHIC TRANSFER (T/T)), draft (DEMAND DRAFT (D/D)), letter transfer (MAIL TRANSFER ( M/T)) and other methods. Due to the rapid development of electronics, wire transfer is now mainly used for remittances. (In China, enterprises enjoy preferential export tax rebate policies for exports)
1. Accept inquiries from cargo owners
1. Shipping inquiries:
① Need to control shipments Prices from ports to all continents, ports commonly used by major routes, and ports that cargo owners often need to serve;
② Shipping schedule information of major shipping companies;
③ Please contact us for quotation when necessary The cargo owner asks for some category information, such as cargo name, hazard level, etc. (Waterway Dangerous Regulations)
2. Land transportation inquiry: (RMB cost)
① It is necessary to know the kilometers and towing prices in major cities;
② Packing prices in each port area;
③ Customs declaration fees, commodity inspection, and animal and plant inspection fee standards.
3. If it cannot be provided in time, the customer must leave his phone number, surname and other contact information so that the owner of the goods can be replied to in the shortest time possible.
2. Accepting orders (accepting the entrustment of the cargo owner)
After accepting the entrustment of the cargo owner (usually by fax), key information that needs to be clarified:
1. Shipping date , Number of pieces
2. Box type, box quantity
3. Gross weight
4. Volume
The maximum volume of each type is: (Length*width*height) Installable volume and installed weight
1×20'GP=31CBM 6*2.38*2.38 25 17MT
1×40'GP=67CBM 12 *2.38*2.38 55 25MT
1×40'HC=76CBM 12*2.7*2.38
1×45'GP=86CBM
(Note: GP general purpose ordinary box; CBM cubic meter cubic meter; MT metric ton metric ton; HC high cubic high box)
5. Payment terms, cargo owner contact method
6. Container making situation, Door-to-door or in-house
3. Booking
1. Make a power of attorney (ten copies of the order);
When making the order, the originality should be guaranteed to the greatest extent The data on the order must be correct and consistent to reduce frequent changes in subsequent processes.
2. Booking with the company’s booking stamp:
If booking attachments (such as the shipping company’s price confirmation) are required, they should be prepared together before booking. .
3. Obtain the space allocation receipt and extract the ship name, voyage, and bill of lading number information.
4. Packing
1. Door-to-door:
Fill in the packing plan: packing time, ship name, voyage, customs order number , transit port, destination port, gross weight, number of pieces, volume, door point, contact person, phone number and other factors, the train schedule should be arranged 1 to 2 days before the customs cut-off date (two days before the shipping date).
2. Interior contents:
Fill in the packing plan: sailing date, ship name, customs order number, transit port, destination port, gross weight, number of pieces, volume, entry number If necessary, arrange the train 1 to 2 days before the customs cut-off date (two days before the sailing date).
3. Obtain the packing list (CLP) obtained by the two packing methods
5. Customs declaration (sometimes at the same time, sometimes before packing)
1. Understand the information required for customs declaration of frequently exported goods.
① Requires commodity inspection
② Requires quota
③ Requires license
④ Requires certificate of origin
⑤ Trademark authorization and trademark name are required
⑥ If the value of exported goods to Hong Kong exceeds $100,000 and other regions exceeds $500,000, a foreign exchange settlement slip (copy) must be provided during write-off
⑦ The price verification seal of the conference is required
2. Fill in the ship name, voyage number, bill of lading number, corresponding packing list, invoice, gross and net weight displayed, number of pieces, packaging type, amount, volume, Review the correctness of the customs declaration form (the documents are consistent).
3. Display the "Chinese product name" of the goods included in the customs declaration, compare it with the customs code collection, check the product code, check whether the two are consistent, determine the measurement unit according to the code, and click on the supervision conditions listed by the customs The reading office lacks customs declaration requirements.
4. Prepare customs declaration power of attorney, customs declaration form, manual, invoice, packing list, verification form, allocation receipt (after the fifth page of the ten-part form), and change order (if necessary) and other required information must be cleared the day before the customs cutoff.
5. Track the receipt from the station to ensure it is loaded onto the ship.
6. For any customs clearance and relocation, if there is a next voyage, the shipment will still require documents such as licenses, quotas, commodity inspections, animal and plant inspections, etc., for customs clearance and relocation The notification should arrive one week before the configured shipping date so that (the shipping department) can successfully retrieve the data and reuse it. Otherwise it will only delay the shipping date and cause trouble.
6. Bill of Lading Confirmation and Modification
1. Ask the customer about the issuance form of the "Bill of Lading":
① Telephone release:
The customer is required to provide the original "Letter of Guarantee for Electronic Release" (leave the original copy), and then issue the company's "Letter of Guarantee" to the shipping company for electronic release.
② Advance loan (if feasible)
The customer is required to provide the original "Advance Loan Guarantee" (leave the bottom), and then issue the company's "Letter of Guarantee" to the shipping company for advance loan.
③ Backdating (if feasible)
The customer is required to provide the original "Letter of Guarantee" (leave the bottom), and then issue the company's "Letter of Guarantee" to the shipping company for backdating.
*In this case, HOUSE B/L is most likely to be issued.
④ Sub-order:
Should wait 3 to 4 days after the ship sails (wait) The manifest is sent to the customs to ensure tax refund), and then one customs bill is split into multiple customs bills.
⑤ Consolidation of orders:
You should wait 3 to 4 days after the ship sails (the manifest is delivered to the customs to ensure tax refund), and then combine multiple customs orders into one. Orders
⑥ Release of orders in a different place:
Must obtain the consent of the shipping company, and obtain the cargo owner's letter of guarantee and the contact person, telephone number, fax, company name, address and other information for receiving orders in a different place. Place orders.
2. Based on the original information, fax it to the cargo owner for confirmation, and confirm the correct content of the bill of lading based on the reply.
7. Sign the bill
1. Check whether each original bill of lading is fully signed and stamped.
2. Is hand signature required?
8. Voyage Fee Settlement
1. Ocean Freight
① Prepay (FREIGHT PREPAID)
② Pay on Delivery (FREIGHT COLLECT)
2. Land freight
① Booking
② Customs declaration (including customs declaration fees before return)
③ Do Box (internal/door to door)
④ Other fees that should be considered:
Port clearance fee/customs clearance fee
Commodity inspection, animal and plant inspection, delivery Fees, express fees, telex release, changes
9. Bill of lading and invoice issuance (bill of lading sample)
1. If the owner of the cargo picks up the package himself, a signature is required
2. If delivered by EMS or express delivery, the "name and address list" should be marked with such information as: "bill of lading number", "invoice number", "verification order number", "license number", "quota number" and other factors for future verification
10. The settlement of voyage expenses should be supervised within one month and the "Tax Refund Verification Form" returned to the cargo owner in a timely manner
11. There is a problem with the customs tax refund If it needs to be changed, the following information must be provided:
l. If the customs declaration data is correct and the manifest is incorrect
① A copy of the pre-recorded customs declaration form returned by the customs ;
② A copy of the station receipt (the seventh page of the ten-part bill is the yellow page);
③ Two copies of the original bill of lading;
④ Copy of Packing List (Container Load Plan);
⑤ Correction form (three copies, original).
2. Short-packing (over-reporting, under-delivery), over-packing (under-reporting, under-delivery)
① Failure to make timely corrections within 5 days of departure (working days):
p>
Pay a fine of 3,000-5,000 first;
The owner of the cargo re-provides the invoice and packing list (Packing list)
The owner of the cargo re-provides the customs declaration form
< p>Copy of the bill of lading (stamped with "Bill of Lading Copy Confirmation Stamp")② Changes made within 5 days (working days) of the ship's departure
Copy of the bill of lading (stamped with "Confirmation of Copy of Bill of Lading") Copy of Bill of Lading Confirmation Stamp")
Original, correct customs declaration
Original, correct invoice, packing list
International Freight Forwarding Operation Manual
(1)
A. International Railway Transport
1. Transportation Scope:
Transportation from inland China to China’s neighboring countries including Mongolia and Russia , Vietnam, North Korea and the five Central Asian countries (Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmen, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan), as well as the transportation in the opposite direction from the above countries to mainland China.
2. Mode of transportation: (1) Vehicle (2) Container
Instructions:
1. For container transportation, you can rent China Railway containers. The rental procedures It will be handled by the company's International Department.
2. North Korean goods must use self-contained containers.
3. In international combined transport, it must be double boxes before international combined transport can be handled.
3. International intermodal transport plan: Submit the international intermodal transport plan at the departure station in advance according to the specific requirements of cargo transportation, and notify the International Department to coordinate the approval of the international intermodal transport plan.
IV. Transportation Procedures
1. Accepting customer inquiries: If a customer inquires about shipping to the above-mentioned countries, the following questions should be clarified to the customer.
(1) Mode of transportation: 1) Complete vehicle 2) Container;
(2) Sending station, destination country and destination;
(3 ) Name and quantity of the goods;
(4) Estimated transportation time;
(5) Customer unit name, phone number, contact person, etc.;
( 6) Others.
2. Accept the entrustment
Once the customer confirms the quotation and agrees to the transportation agency of each company, the customer needs to entrust the freight company in writing. The main contents of the power of attorney include 1. ((1)-(6).
3. Transportation documents
The customer is required to provide the following documents: (1) Transportation power of attorney (2) ) Customs declaration power of attorney (3) Inspection declaration power of attorney (4) Customs declaration form, inspection form (stamped with the special seal of the entrusting unit) (5) Contract (6) Packing list (7) Invoice (8) Commodity inspection release form (9) ) Verification form
4. Fill in the international railway transport ticket
Purchase the international railway transport ticket locally. The international department will fill in the sample form and fax it to the local company and the relevant personnel will Fill in the official international transport invoice, or have the international department prepare the document and express it to the local company
5. Customs declaration
Customers can make customs declaration by themselves or entrust certain freight companies to do so. If it is inconvenient to declare at the place of shipment, you can prepare the above documents for customs declaration at the port, that is, declare at Manzhouli, Erenhot, Alashankou, Pingxiang and other places.
Customs requires one during international transport declaration. At the same time, the customer needs to go through the registration and filing procedures at the customs and commodity inspection at the corresponding export port.
6. Departure
According to the transportation plan, the customer will be notified of the delivery. When shipping, goods declared at the local customs declaration must be brought to the port with the customs declaration form, contract, packing list, invoice, customs seal and other documents together with the international transport bill.
For goods declared at the port, they must be brought to the port. The contract, packing list, invoice, customs declaration, commodity inspection certificate and other documents are delivered to the port agency of the freight company.
After the goods are shipped, the third copy of the waybill will be handed over to the consignor.
7. Port handover
After the goods arrive at the port, they need to go through customs transfer and reloading procedures. After the goods are transferred to the foreign party's vehicle for shipment, the freight company will determine the reloading time of the goods at the port. Notify the consignor of the vehicle number and other information
8. Return to customer documents
After the goods are repackaged and handed over, the customs will return the verification form and customs declaration verification form to our company. The freight company will refund the fee to the customer based on the freight payment.
9. Charges
The freight for international combined transportation is quoted in US dollars, and the customer needs to pay the freight in US dollars to the freight company. Payment in RMB must be approved by the International Department.
Freight payment should be completed within 10 days after departure.
Note: The customs declaration form cannot be submitted before the freight is received. The verification slip and verification form are returned to the customer.
5. For units that do not have import and export rights, some freight companies can handle import and export procedures. For details, please consult the freight companies.
B. International cargo transit transportation
1. Transportation scope
From major ports in the world to Chinese ports (such as: Shanghai, Dalian, Qingdao, Tianjin Xingang, Lianyungang, etc. ) for railway transportation, via China Railway Port Stations (Erenhot, Manzhouli, Dandong, Pingxiang, Alashankou and other ports) to Mongolia, Russia, North Korea, Vietnam, and the five Central Asian countries (Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan) Transportation, as well as transportation from Hong Kong to China’s neighboring countries via railway port stations in mainland China (including transportation in the opposite direction).
2. Mode of transportation
(1) Bulk cargo (2) Container
3. International intermodal transportation plan
Based on the departure time of transit goods at foreign ports, submit the international intermodal transportation plan of the corresponding country to the Chinese port in advance and notify the International Logistics Department for coordination.
Four. Transportation procedures
1. Accepting customer inquiries: If a customer inquires about transit transportation business from abroad to the above-mentioned countries or regions, the following information should be understood.
1) Name and quantity of goods;
2) Mode of transportation: whether bulk cargo or container transportation;
3) Port of departure and destination Country and destination station;
4) Estimated transportation time;
5) Unit name, phone number, fax, contact person;
6) Our receiving party Cargo location: whether to receive the goods from the port of departure or from a port in China.
2. Quotation: Inform the International Logistics Department of the above situation as soon as possible. After calculating the shipping price, you can quote the price to the cargo owner.
Note: 1) If the container is shipped to Mongolia It is necessary to inform cargo owners that it is best to ship containers with shipping companies designated by our company at foreign ports. In this way, the goods do not need to be changed into containers after arriving at the Chinese port, and the original containers can be shipped to Mongolia. If the cargo owner does not agree to use the container of the shipping company designated by our company, the cargo owner must be informed that the shipping company's container rental problem will be solved by the cargo owner after the goods arrive at the Chinese port, or the cargo owner will agree to unpack and use China Railway containers.
2) After the containers shipped to Russia and the five Central Asian countries arrive at Chinese ports, unless authorized by the shipping company, the containers must be replaced with owner-provided containers or Chinese railway containers for shipment, and the shipping company's containers cannot continue to be used.
3. Cargo shipment: After accepting our price, the cargo owner requires the cargo owner to give us a formal entrustment in writing. Its main content is the same as 1, 1)---6).
According to the receiving location, it can be divided into overseas receiving and Chinese port receiving.
1) Overseas receiving goods: According to the entrustment of the cargo owner, we will book space for the cargo owner at the port of departure, notify the cargo owner according to the shipping date, and deliver the goods to the designated yard at the port. After loading to the Chinese port, we will be responsible Arrange customs transit and train loading work at the port. After the goods arrive at the China Railway Port Station, customs declaration, inspection, reloading and other work will be arranged until the goods are transported to the destination and the consignee is notified to pick up the goods.
2) Receive the goods at the Chinese port: After loading at the foreign port, the cargo owner will first pass the bill of lading, box list, invoice and other documents to our company, and express the original copy to us. If it is a near-ocean shipment, port, the cargo owner is required to notify the shipowner to pick up the goods at the Chinese port in the form of "telephone release".
4. Documents
Ocean bill of lading: In the consignee column, the words "China Railway United Logistics Co., Ltd." must be filled in. The actual consignee cannot be written, otherwise the goods need to be received. The goods can be picked up at the port only if the person signs and endorses the back of the bill of lading.
5. Information feedback
The freight company should provide the following information to the cargo owner in each transportation link: cargo arrival time, port departure time, vehicle number, container number (for iron box) , waybill number, reloading and arrangement time at the port, foreign party's reloading vehicle number and estimated arrival time at the destination, etc. If the cargo owner has further requirements, please contact the International Department.
5. Collect freight
International transit transportation of goods is charged in US dollars. The owner of the goods is required to pay the full transportation fee to our company within 10 days after the goods arrive at the Chinese port, unless there are special circumstances. The agreement generally does not accept the method of freight collect.
6. Return of containers
If the container usage agreement is negotiated between the cargo owner and the shipping company, the freight company is responsible for returning the empty container to its designated return station (currently only in Mongolia) .
C. International container shipping
1. Transportation scope:
Imported goods by sea from major ports in the world to Chinese ports (Tianjin, Shanghai, Dalian, Guangdong, Qingdao, etc.); goods exported to ports around the world via Chinese ports.
1. Container transportation: Container transportation is mainly liner transportation. Its characteristics are:
1) It has fixed routes, shipping schedules, ports and rates.
2) The freight includes loading and unloading costs, and the carrier is responsible for loading and unloading the goods.
3) The carrier and shipper do not calculate demurrage and despatch.
4) It can be directly and conveniently changed from one means of transportation to another without touching or moving the goods contained in the box.
2. After the goods are packed from the inland consignee's factory or warehouse, they can be transported to the consignee's factory or warehouse through different transportation methods by sea, land and air, achieving "door-to-door" transportation. , no need to change clothes midway, and no need to unpack.
3. The quality of freight is guaranteed.
4. Generally, one carrier is responsible for the entire transportation.
2. Container specifications: Mainly two types of standardized containers: 20″ and 40″ feet
1), 20″TEU (TWENTY-FOOT EQIVALENTUNIT), volume of 32.88 cubic meters (standard container), size: 5.904x2.34x2.38, dead weight is 2.5, deadweight is 17.5 tons.
2), 40〃TEU volume is 67.2 cubic meters, size: 12.192x2.434x2.591, dead weight is 4 tons, and load capacity is 25 tons.
Three transportation methods: (1) Full container (2) LCL
1. Packing method of container cargo: Currently, there is no effective and universally accepted unified method for container transportation in the world. However, when it comes to handling the specific business of containers, countries generally have similar practices. Based on the current international common practice of container business, the brief introduction is as follows:
2. According to the quantity of goods, it is divided into: FCL (FULL CONTAINER) LOAD) and LCL (LESS CONTAINER LOAD), LCL goods are charged per cubic meter.
3. Container cargo delivery and pick-up methods are divided into:
1) Full container delivery, full container pick-up (FCL/FCL);
2) Consolidation Delivery by box, delivery by unpacking (LCL/LCL);
3) Delivery by full box, delivery by unpacking (FCL/LCL);
4) Delivery by box, delivery by full box (LCL/FCL).
4. The delivery locations of container goods are divided into:
1) Door to door;
2) Door to site;
3 ) Station to station;
4) Station to door.
IV. Container classification
Containers are classified according to their uses according to the nature of cargo loading and transportation conditions: 1. General cargo containers 2. Insulated containers 3. Special containers.
After the shipping company's container arrives at the port, there is a free period of 7-10 days. If it exceeds 10 days, the price is USD5 per day for a 20-foot container and USD10 per day for a 40-foot container. It will double every 10 days.
5. Freight payment
Based on the terms of trade, payment of freight can be divided into prepayment and payment on collection.
Prepaid freight: freight must be paid before the bill of lading is issued. Its trade terms are CIF and CNF (booking by the exporter).
Collect freight: The freight must be paid before the goods arrive at the destination port.
Ocean shipping charges are all calculated in US dollars. The RMB freight collected is converted into US dollars when handed over to the shipping company.
VI. Transportation Procedures
1. Accept customer inquiries: When customers inquire about export goods shipped from domestic to major ports in the world, and import goods shipped from major foreign ports to Chinese ports When doing transportation business, you should know the following information.
1) The name and quantity of the goods;
2) The mode of transportation: FCL and LCL;
3) The port of shipment and the country to which it is shipped. Port of destination;
4) Estimated transportation time;
5) Unit name, contact person, telephone number, fax, telex, etc.;
6) Trade Method: import or export;
After learning about the transportation of the goods, inform the customer that based on the information provided, the freight company will quote the price of sea transportation as soon as possible. If the goods need to be transshipped, our company will declare and The cost of forwarding is also provided to the customer.
When a customer inquires about the freight of container transportation from a freight company: the freight company first contacts the shipping company: 1) Inquiry 2) Confirmation with the customer after counter-offer 3) Booking 4) After picking up the container and loading According to the storage yard designated by the shipping company, customs declaration and cargo collection are carried out at the same time. 5) The ship issues a bill of lading when it leaves the port. 6) Hands the bill of lading to the customer
2. The main trade terms for export business are: CIF (COST INSURANCE AND FEIGHT) and CNF (COST AND FEIGHT).
3. Quotation
After receiving the customer’s inquiry, inform the International Logistics Department as soon as possible, and wait for the price to be calculated. Make a quote to the customer.
7. Customs declaration procedures
1. The customs declaration documents required for export include: customs declaration letter of authorization, inspection declaration letter of authorization, one copy each of customs declaration and inspection declaration forms, and shipping power of attorney ( Booking basis), contract, invoice, packing list, equipment (mechanical and electrical certificate required), products (license required), export verification form and other documents. The customs declaration form and verification form written off by the customs will be returned to the customer in a timely manner one month after the customs declaration is completed.
2. Trade terms for import business: CIF, CNF and FOB (FREE ON BOAD). The customs declaration documents required for import include: customs declaration power of attorney, inspection power of attorney, contract invoice, packing list, tax-free products require tax-free forms, and equipment requires mechanical and electrical approval documents. The verification copy of the import declaration form will be returned to the customer in a timely manner within half a month after the customs declaration is completed.
8. Forwarding
After the customs declaration of the goods is completed, prepare the forwarding method according to the unloading place of the contract and the customer's requirements. Especially for railway transportation, please note: Applying for the wagon plan requires Do it in advance, complete the declaration procedures according to the ship's arrival time and railway regulations, and contact the port business office after the train is approved. The port business office will make a loading plan based on the completion of customs declaration. For goods that need to be transported by truck, vehicles will be arranged according to the customer's delivery location after customs declaration is completed.
D. Bulk cargo transportation
1. Transportation scope
Import from major ports in the world that transport bulk cargo to Chinese ports (Tianjin, Guangdong, Qingdao Port ) and other goods, as well as export goods from Chinese ports (Tianjin, Liaoning Bayuquan, Yingkou, Qinhuangdao Port).
Common names and means of transportation for bulk cargo transportation: The main commodities imported for bulk cargo transportation include: coal, mineral sand, grain, fertilizer, feed, barley and other products, and exports include coke, alumina and other products. .
Main means of transportation: ocean shipping, whole ship transportation, and chartered ship transportation. The value of the goods involved in the charter business is low.
Determine the charterer based on the CIF and FOB price terms of the goods trade. There are three modes of chartering transportation: fixed-distance chartering (also known as voyage chartering) and time chartering (referred to as time chartering). , bareboat chartering, the chartering business involved in freight companies is mainly voyage chartering. Pay the agreed freight to the shipowner.
2. Transportation mode: The whole ship is divided into: Panamax (less than 70,000 tons) and Capesize (more than 80,000 tons).
3. Transportation procedures
1. Receive customer inquiry; when the customer inquires about chartering transportation, you should contact the customer