There are three species of golden monkeys in my country, namely the Sichuan golden monkey, the Guizhou golden monkey and the Yunnan golden monkey. They are all special species in my country and are national Class I protected animals. They are as famous as giant pandas and are both "national treasure" animals. They have bright coats, unique shapes, elegant movements, and gentle temperaments, and are deeply loved by people. It not only has great ornamental value and economic value, but also has high academic research value. At present, apart from China, only a few countries in the world, such as France and the United Kingdom, have several specimens of these rare treasures collected in museums. Compared with other monkeys, golden monkeys are indeed very beautiful, especially the Sichuan golden monkey. In the middle of the head, there is a dark brown hair crown that is getting longer and longer. The two ears are in the creamy yellow hair bushes, and there is a circle of orange. The guard hairs set off the brown-red cheeks, the chest and abdomen are light yellow or white, the calluses on the buttocks are gray-blue, and the male's scrotum is bright blue. Starting from the neck, the entire back and upper parts of the forelimbs are covered with The long golden hair is as thin and bright as silk, and its color gradually becomes darker towards the back of the body. The longest one reaches more than 50 centimeters. It shines with golden light under the sunlight, like an elegant and luxurious golden cloak. The Sichuan golden monkey has a larger body, a round head, short ears, dark brown eyes, thick lips, a enlarged snout, and tumor-like protrusions at the corners of the mouth, which become larger and harder with age. The hair in the middle of both cheeks and forehead stretches towards the center of the face, revealing two sunken sky-blue eye circles and a prominent sky-blue kiss ring. In addition, the nasal bones have degenerated and there is no nose bridge, forming an upturned nostril. The nose is even more interesting. According to paleontological research results, the Sichuan golden monkey existed as early as the middle Pleistocene more than 3 million years ago. According to the records in various ancient books in my country, the areas where the Sichuan golden monkey was distributed during the historical period include the Weihe River, Hanshui River and the upper reaches of the Jialing River. The Qinling and Longshan areas were originally distributed in nearly 30 counties; the Daba Mountains located in southern Shaanxi, northeastern Sichuan, and western Hubei were originally distributed in 6-7 counties; Laifeng, Hefeng and Sangzhi, Dayong, Cili, Shimen and other counties on the south side of Wuling Mountain; Jiulian Mountain and Luofu Mountain located in Conghua, Longmen, Boluo and other counties in northern Guangdong; located in more than 20 counties in southeastern Sichuan Daliang Mountain and adjacent mountainous areas. The entire region spans the Weihe River, Yangtze River, Pearl River, Lancang River and other river basins. At present, the total number of Sichuan golden monkeys in the wild in my country is about 20,000, and the known ones are distributed in Sichuan, southeastern Gansu, southern Shaanxi, and Shennongjia, Hubei. Compared with the historical distribution area, the current distribution area has been greatly reduced. The number of provinces (districts) distributed has been reduced from 12 to 7, and the number of county-level units has been reduced from more than 150 to only more than 50. The Sichuan golden monkey originally lived widely in low mountain forest areas in subtropical areas. It is an arboreal animal. Its existence and development are closely related to the quality of the forest environment. The loss of the forest will affect its survival. The main cause of forest destruction is the massive increase in population. In order to solve problems such as food, housing, firewood, and utensils, forests must be cut down. Continuous deforestation to develop agriculture, especially the promotion of high-yielding dry food crops such as sweet potatoes and corn, has led to large-scale reclamation of mountainous areas where crops could not grow in the past. As a result, the living environment of golden monkeys has undergone tremendous changes. The broad-leaved forests in the mountainous areas gradually migrated to the coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests and coniferous forests in the mid-alpine areas, that is, from the general distribution in the hilly areas to shrinking into the deep mountain areas, the habitats continued to disappear, and the distribution range became smaller and smaller. Later, they could only remain in places with high mountains and steep mountains and little human activity. The original continuous distribution areas in various places also became isolated from each other due to shrinkage. The changes in the distribution area of ??Sichuan golden monkeys have generally gone through the following processes: first, the number decreased sharply, and then disappeared in some areas with poor environmental conditions, while in other areas with better conditions, they were still preserved, making the distribution area They form "isolated islands" that are isolated from each other, and finally some "isolated islands" disappear one after another. The formation of this situation began in the 18th century, but mainly occurred from the 19th to the 20th century, and is still continuing. This is the result of long-term historical development and a concrete manifestation of "the advancement of man and the retreat of beast".

Before the 18th century, dense forests existed in areas where Sichuan golden monkeys were distributed. In the Qinling Mountains and Daba Mountains, there were "Nanshan Old Forest" and "Bashan Old Forest". Beginning in the 18th century, these forests were logged and continuously destroyed. For example, in the Qinling Mountains, tens of thousands of people cut down trees along the stretch from Zhouzhi County to Yangxian County, turning many green peaks into Tongshan. After that, golden monkeys in many places became extinct one after another, from Qinzhou in Gansu to Fengxiang in Shaanxi. Areas such as Guangzhou Prefecture, Guangdong Guangzhou Prefecture, and Huizhou Prefecture gradually disappeared. By the 19th century, it continued to retreat from western Hubei, western Hunan, eastern Jiangxi, northeastern Guizhou, and southeastern Sichuan. This was the period when the distribution area of ??golden monkeys shrunk the most. The biggest changes in the 20th century were mainly the continued shrinking of the distribution range in southern Gansu, southern Shaanxi, northern Guizhou, and southwestern Sichuan and the disappearance of the distribution area in Guangxi, resulting in a pattern of only a few small distribution areas remaining in the country today. The fur of the other two species of golden monkeys living in my country, the Yunnan golden monkey and the Guizhou golden monkey, is not golden. The Guizhou golden monkey is covered with dark gray hair and is only found in the Fanjing Mountain area in northern Guizhou; the Yunnan golden monkey has mainly gray-black body hair and is distributed in northwest Yunnan. It is rare in the world for a species to have such a small natural distribution area, and its population is not large. Therefore, they are the most endangered and precious monkeys.