1845: "Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass: The Autobiography of an American Slave" is published.
1846–48: During the Mexican-American War, the United States acquired the southwestern territory from Texas to California.
July 24, 1847: Brigham Young led the Mormon pioneers to establish Salt Lake City in Utah.
January 24, 1848: Construction crew Marshall discovers gold in Suter Mountain, California.
July 19-20: Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott held the first women's rights convention in Seneca Falls, New York.
1849: 30,000 people went west to California to find gold.
1850: At the request of the serfdom states, Congress passed the second "Fugitive Slave Act", which stimulated abolitionists and the "Underground Railroad" movement.
August 12, 1851: Isaac Singer invented the sewing machine.
1852: Harriet Bicherstorff's "Uncle Tom's Cabin" is published.
1857: The U.S. High Court issued the "Dred Scott Resolution" in support of slavery
October 16, 1859: John Brown attacked Harbor Ferry Ordnance library, but did not cause a slave uprising. John Brown was arrested and executed on December 2.
April 12, 1861: The American Civil War broke out, starting with South Carolina (On December 20, 1860, seven southern states seceded from the Union and reorganized into the American Confederate States, electing Jefferson Day Weiss was president; after Confederate Army Brigadier General Beaugard broke through Fort Sumter, four more states seceded from the Union.
1862: The Homestead Act covers areas west of the Mississippi River (except Texas).
January 1, 1863: Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, seceding slaves from 11 states in the Union earlier. After gaining freedom, the remaining 5 states (Missouri, Kentucky, West Virginia, Maryland, and Delaware) remained in serfdom.
The Navajo people were forced to migrate 300 miles from New Mexico to Bo. Skredoto, where Fort Sumner was forced to be built
April 9, 1865: General Robert E. Lee surrenders to General Ulysses S. Grant, ending the Civil War.
April 14: President Lincoln was assassinated.
The 13th Amendment was implemented and slavery was abolished in the United States.
May 10, 1869: Nailed. The final rivet was struck, and the Central Pacific Railroad and the Union Pacific Railroad were linked at Plamonteley, Utah, completing the public-private transcontinental railroad.
1876: Alexander Graham. Bell invents the telephone.
Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia
1879: Thomas Edison invents the light bulb. 1881: Clara Barton. The American Red Cross was established to provide disaster relief and wartime assistance.
1882: Congress passed the Chinese Exclusion Act, prohibiting Chinese labor immigration to the United States. 100,000 Chinese had arrived since the 1849 gold rush. In the United States, they mostly worked in mines and railroads.
John D. Rockefeller formed the Standard Oil Trust.
1884: Mark Twain's "Huckleberry Finn." Adventures" published.
1886: Coca-Cola goes public.
Samuel Campos forms the American Federation of Labor.
May 4: Struggle. National 8-hour strike leads to Chicago's "Haymarket Riots"
September 4: Apache leader Gronino surrenders at Skull Canyon, Arizona, U.S. vs. American Indians. The war between them is over.
1887: The Dawes Act (General Land Allotment Act) converted Indian communal lands into individualized allotments, and eventually all land conversions, in an attempt to absorb Indians into the white mainstream.
1888: September 4: George Eastman invented a camera using roller film and registered the "Kodak" trademark.
1890: Jacob A. Reese's How the Other Half Lives: A Study of New York Houses is published.
Congress passed the Sherman Antitrust Act to regulate and restrict monopolies.
December 29: The Lakta tribe is defeated at the Wounded Knee Massacre in South Dakota.
May 28, 1892: John Muir formed the Hilla Club, advocating for natural protection, and was elected as the first director.
July 6: A strike breaks out at Carnegie Steel Co. in Homestead, Pennsylvania, sparking clashes between Pinkton safety agents and workers.
1896: The U.S. Supreme Court case "Plessy v. Ferguson" established a precedent for the "separate but equal" racial segregation policy.
1898: The Spanish-American War resulted in Cuban independence and Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines coming under U.S. sovereignty.
1903: DuBose's "The Souls of Negroes" is published.
December 17: The Wright brothers invented the airplane and completed the flight of the "Kitty Hawk" in North Carolina.
April 18, 1906: An earthquake in San Francisco caused a fire that destroyed the entire city and displaced more than half of the population.
1908: Henry Ford's Model T becomes the first widely affordable automobile.
President Theodore Roosevelt establishes the FBI.
1909: The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People is established.
1910: Emma Goldman's Anarchism and Beyond is published.
1911: Nestor Studios, the first film studio, is established in Hollywood.
March 25: A fire broke out at the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory in New York, killing 146 workers, mostly women. It was the worst industrial accident at the time.
February 17, 1913: The Armory Show opened in New York. For the first time, a large number of works by European artists of the time were displayed to the American public, shocking and injecting vitality into the art of the time.
Henry Ford introduced moving production lines at his Detroit automobile factory.
1914: The Panama Canal is completed (started in 1904), facilitating transportation and trade between the American coast and the world's maritime industry.
1917: The United States enters World War I (which broke out in 1914).
1918–19 Influenza strikes the United States, killing more than 650,000 people in less than a year.
1919 The 18th Amendment prohibited the production, sale, and transportation of alcohol.
The 19th Amendment gave women the right to vote.
Postwar socioeconomic problems caused unemployment, inflation, racism, etc., which led to the outbreak of race riots in many cities across the United States during the "Red Summer".
September 11, 1920: Anarchists Nicholas Thacker and Butler Morvan were again falsely accused of murder and robbery in South Brettley, Massachusetts.
Eugene Debbtz, a labor leader and activist who was jailed for an anti-war speech on June 16, 1918, ran for president for the fifth time as the candidate of the Socialist Party of America.
1924 Congress passes the National Origins or Immigration Act, which restricts immigration from East Asia and Asian Indians and restricts immigration from Southeast Europe.
In the "Teapot Dome Scandal," President Warren Harding's Secretary of the Interior, Albert Fall, accepted bribes to secretly lease the Teapot Dome oil field in Wyoming, exposing government corruption.
1924–72 Edgar Hoover was in charge of the FBI until his death. During his tenure, he abused his power and engaged in disgraceful tactics such as blackmail.
May 20-21, 1927: Charles Lindbergh piloted the "Spirit of St. Louis" to complete the first transatlantic flight from Long Island, New York to Paris.
August 23: Thacker and Fan Zaiti were executed by electrocution after being sentenced to nearly seven years in prison and failing a series of appeals.
1928 The Marion Report exposed the fraud and corruption associated with the Dawes Act, leading to its termination in 1934, and pointed out the failures of U.S. policy toward Indians.
1929 October 28-29: The stock market crash leads to the beginning of the Great Depression.
1933 The 18th Amendment terminates and prohibition on alcohol is lifted.
Franklin Roosevelt was elected president (term 1933-1945) and implemented the New Deal reforms in response to the Great Depression.
February 10, 1934: Diego Rivera's mural "Man at the Crossroads" in Rockefeller Center, New York, was criticized by newspapers for being anti-capitalist and for highlighting the image of Vladimir Lenin. 》Destroyed by workers.
May 23: Bonnie Parker and Clyde Chamberlain were attacked and killed by FBI officers after a string of wild crimes that attracted public attention beginning in 1932.
1935: The "Work Improvement Organization" and the "Federal Arts Project" were established to fund writers and painters to carry out public projects during the Great Depression, often recording and reflecting the tragic reality of the time.
President Roosevelt established a social welfare system to provide retirement and unemployment insurance for the American working class.