In the clothing supply chain, logistics runs through the whole clothing supply chain and effectively links the enterprises in the whole chain. Logistics plays a role as a bridge and link in the cooperation between garment supply chain enterprises. Nowadays, supply chain management has given new meaning and function to logistics management. How to effectively manage the whole process of logistics in supply chain, so that information flow, logistics and capital flow can be effectively integrated and operated efficiently, is one of the important problems to be solved urgently in clothing supply chain management.
First, clothing logistics status analysis
For a long time, garment manufacturers have always paid attention to production and neglected logistics. Faced with the market demand of multi-variety, small batch and fast delivery, the disadvantages brought by this management model have become more and more prominent. These disadvantages seriously restrict the process of enterprise upgrading and affect the formation of enterprise core competitiveness.
1. The supply of goods is simple, the purchase volume is large, and the cost of raw materials accounts for a large proportion.
The supply logistics link is not complicated, but the cost of main raw materials accounts for a large proportion in the production cost. For example, for cotton textile mills, the largest amount of raw cotton, due to the characteristics of short-term acquisition and year-round use, has been in a high inventory state, occupying a lot of funds of enterprises. Similarly, polyester chips and viscose fibers of chemical fiber are the main raw materials for production, and their purchase volume and cost ratio can reach 80% in the whole purchase volume.
2. Extensive growth mode with high input and high consumption.
Low industry barriers make the clothing industry in an extensive growth mode, which is characterized by high input, high consumption and low level expansion. The result must be overproduction and unsalable products. The instability of industrial chain stems from the fact that supply chain integration has not yet been established.
3. Low degree of informatization
The application level of electronic information technology in garment enterprises lags behind and the degree of informatization is not high. Informatization of garment enterprises is the main means to realize rapid response to market demand, and it is also the key factor to realize smooth logistics and play its role in logistics. The characteristics of logistics are also reflected in informatization, and logistics construction is directly affected by the level of informatization.
4. The development of professional logistics is slow
At present, the development of professional logistics in clothing industry is not developed enough. Although there are not many raw material purchases in the clothing industry, due to the influence of many intermediate links, there are high requirements for logistics, especially warehousing, distribution and inventory management. Due to the production of clothing. Affected by the fashion, popularity and seasonality of products, the market demand environment fluctuates greatly. In order to grasp consumers' clothing demand and consumption psychology, it is necessary to establish a multi-batch and multi-variety production model to shorten the response time of enterprises to market changes. Establish efficient logistics service capabilities.
5. Logistics site selection is arbitrary and lacks long-term planning.
Some logistics service facilities of garment enterprises, such as warehouses, are located at random and lack of long-term planning. As a part of production service, the inefficient work and irregular management of logistics facilities make the logistics system become the bottleneck of product circulation, resulting in loss of profits.
Second, the content of clothing logistics management
Clothing enterprises are typical production enterprises, and the objects in the whole process of supply, production and sales are the objects of logistics management. Mainly includes:
1. Warehouse management
One of the basic functions of logistics is warehousing. A clothing enterprise may have raw materials and semi-finished products such as fibers and gauze, and may also have finished products such as fabrics and clothing. It is an important task of warehouse management to effectively keep these materials needed for production and operation.
2. Supplier management
One of the important contents of supply chain management is supplier management, and the effectiveness of enterprise logistics activities is also affected by it. In the process of management, supplier performance appraisal and evaluation, product price negotiation, etc. are all very important contents.
3. Inventory management
Inventory is an indispensable link in the process of enterprise production and operation, which creates effects by overcoming the time difference between product production and consumption. Inventory management is one of the key links in the supply chain management of clothing enterprises. If warehouse management focuses on the management of material quality, then inventory management emphasizes the control of quantity. The product demand of clothing enterprises is changing rapidly. If enterprises want to seize business opportunities, they must respond to the market quickly. Too much inventory and low inventory turnover rate will inevitably lead to high costs. Reduce the profitability of enterprises. On the other hand, too little inventory will also make enterprises lose more opportunities and affect the smooth development of their production and operation. Supply chain management is a relatively new management concept and method. If used properly, it can effectively reduce the logistics cost of enterprises, improve the efficiency of enterprises and minimize the inventory of enterprises under the premise of normal production and business activities.
4. Material management
In the process of production and processing, garment enterprises must effectively control the spatial movement mode, quantity and quality of various raw materials and products in process. This will greatly improve the production efficiency of enterprises and save raw materials.
5. Finished product management
Due to the influence of multiple attributes such as color, size and style of finished clothing, the management of finished clothing is also difficult. Therefore, in the management process, logistics information technology is needed as a support.
6. Logistics information management
Logistics management emphasizes the systematic management of all logistics links and related factors, and collecting, sorting out and analyzing the relevant information accompanying the movement of things is one of the prerequisites for the success of logistics management. Practice shows that many garment enterprises have significantly improved their competitiveness with the help of ERP system.
Third, the application of information technology in clothing logistics management
1. Logistics information technology
Logistics informatization emphasizes that the development of logistics must rely on modern information technology. With the intervention of information technology, logistics information can be transmitted accurately and timely between enterprises, ensuring the scientific and reasonable distribution of enterprise inventory. The collection, transmission, exchange and processing of logistics information are based on all aspects of logistics activities (procurement, production, packaging, storage, transportation, distribution, etc.). ). In this way, all parties in the process of clothing logistics activities can seamlessly connect and cooperate efficiently to enhance the economic benefits of enterprises. It can be said that it is because of information technology that logistics really has vitality.
Among them, the information technologies that can be directly or indirectly used in the logistics management of clothing enterprises mainly include these aspects: barcode technology, database technology, POS system technology, electronic ordering system (EOS), electronic data exchange (EDI), rapid response (QR), effective customer response (ECR), enterprise resource planning (ERP) and Internet.
With the continuous development of information technology, the informationization of logistics is becoming more and more prominent. Logistics informatization also plays an important role in the development of enterprises. Just-in-time production, automatic replenishment technology, real-time tracking technology of goods, supplier screening and so on can all be realized with the help of information technology. The informatization of enterprise logistics has also broken through the original operation mode, and various enterprises have implemented business process reengineering to meet the new demand of logistics informatization. For enterprises, the application of informatization in logistics not only expands the original business scope of enterprises, but also opens up new business space for enterprises.
2. The application of barcode in the logistics operation of NT Clothing Co., Ltd.
NT Clothing Co., Ltd. is a medium-sized enterprise integrating product development, clothing design, production and processing, product marketing and self-operated foreign trade import and export. It is a leading enterprise in Nantong garment industry, producing more than 2.5 million pieces of all kinds of garments every year, and its sales volume is increasing by nearly 55% every year. No matter from the enterprise scale, product output and market share, it ranks among the best in the same industry in the province and is one of the top 100 garment enterprises in the province. The company has passed the IS09002 international standard quality system certification.
(1) Problems faced by enterprises
At present, the company has its own homepage to introduce the company's main products, enterprise development, online sales and the development of various agents. The company has a nebula network, but the cooperation with suppliers and retail stores in the supply chain is mainly carried out by telephone, fax, express delivery and email. The market competition in the clothing industry is very fierce, and the market demand changes greatly. There are high requirements for the design, fabric selection and color matching of clothing products, especially for products with strong seasonality, which are facing severe challenges. The traditional methods of single sample determination, mass production and large-scale promotion can no longer meet the market demand. Ensuring the real-time and accurate transmission of all kinds of information has become an urgent problem for all garment enterprises.
NT Clothing Co., Ltd. has nearly 20 sales branches all over the country, and almost all the products in the big shopping malls in the northern region have special counters, with nearly 100 specialty stores and more than 1500 sellers. The company's products are very seasonal. With the increase of clothing variety and quantity, the company has the following problems in management:
(1) a large number of one-time purchase fabrics and other accessories, one-time production and sales (because clothing products have their own unique characteristics).
(2) The inventory is large, and about 15% ~ 25% of finished products can't be sold in this quarter.
(3) The company's inventory expenses account for about 30% of the company's total expenses, and the inventory occupies a serious amount of funds.
(4) It is impossible to identify the responsible person for the damage in the process of clothing sales.
⑤ Different sales prices in different regions lead to cross-selling.
These problems have seriously affected the company's production, sales, operation and decision-making. How to use modern information technology to keep fit for enterprises and support enterprise decision-making with information technology has become a technological transformation project that enterprises are trying to solve. NT Clothing Co., Ltd. took the lead in developing a set of automatic bar code identification and tracking system in the clothing industry in the province, and applied bar code technology to implement logistics tracking management and product quality tracking management for clothing. At present, the system has been put into operation in retail, production line tracking, inventory management and sales feedback. The running results show that the design of the system is reasonable, which brings good social and economic benefits to the enterprise.
(2) Design and operation of bar code system.
Bar code technology includes bar code technology, bar code symbol design technology, rapid identification technology and computer management technology. Bar code technology has the advantages of fast input speed, large amount of information, high precision, low cost and high reliability, and it has developed very rapidly. At present, domestic well-known brand clothing enterprises are actively using automatic identification technology to track and manage enterprise inventory and realize timely sales information management.
① Bar code design principles
In order to effectively realize the timely logistics tracking and information management of product quality tracking of each garment from finished product inspection and packaging to warehousing and logistics sales, the bar code design follows the following principles:
Standardized dress code
According to the coding principle and code structure of commodity bar code stipulated by China people, and the national standard GB 129042008 "Standard Compilation of Clothing, Shoes and Hats" and "Measures for the Administration of Commodity Bar Code", the clothing coding is designed.
Create a unique attribute description.
According to the characteristics of short, frequent and fast clothing products, clothing products are coded on the basis of existing international standards.
Unique code of commodity code.
According to the basic characteristics of clothing products, the principle of one code and one thing is implemented. When coding clothing products, the number 0 ~ 16 is used for coding. The number 1 represents the processing unit of the product, the number 2 ~ 5 represents the product number, the number 6 ~ 8 represents the product size, the number 9 ~ 10 represents the product color, and the number1~16 represents the product serial number. The processing unit, product color, size and serial number of each garment are represented by 16 digits 128 bar code.
② Operation process of product barcode
The product has been packaged. After each product processed in the production workshop passes the inspection, the product bar code label shall be affixed. The system scans each garment before packaging and generates a box code that can represent the number, article number, color, specification, production workshop and production time of the box. Seal the packing box, affix the packing bar code and print the packing list.
Inventory system. When warehousing, scan the package barcode and input it into the computer. After computer processing, the location, shelf, location and other information of this box of clothes can be given to form warehousing information. When outbound, the outbound information can be formed by scanning the packaging barcode.
Automatic cargo sorting system. Clothing products are automatically distributed and selected by the automatic distribution system of the logistics distribution center when they are delivered. Automatic goods sorting system can handle a large number of goods quickly. In the process of automatic commodity sorting, barcode identification technology plays a great role. In the process of goods sorting: when the distribution center receives multiple ordering and distribution requests, it immediately summarizes multiple ordering and distribution requests. After the batches are summarized by varieties, the picking barcode labels are issued by wholesale. The picker puts a bar code label on each commodity when putting it in storage, and at the same time puts the commodity into the sorting and picking system for automatic sorting. The scanner on the distributor scans the goods in real time to detect whether the picking is correct. In addition, the scanner will also read the user's marks on the bar code, indicating that the goods are diverted in some branches and reach the distribution space of each user, and finally complete the whole sorting operation.
D distribution system. After receiving the goods, the delivery organization will scan again for confirmation. Distribute to the store by the distribution agency.
E sales system. The bar code scanner, POS (point of sale terminal) and computer at the counter of the store are networked to form a sales system. The store scans the clothes sold on the same day through the POS machine, and summarizes the article number, color and specification of the goods sold through the computer, and the summary results are transmitted to the database of the company headquarters through the Internet for statistical processing. The decision-making layer of the company can analyze the styles, colors and sizes of the best-selling and unsalable products, adjust the production plan in time, speed up the inventory turnover and prevent the inventory backlog.
;