Fire sprinkler installation specifications:
National standard "Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings" GB 50016-2014
7.1 General Provisions
7.1.1 The sprinkler head should be arranged at a location under the ceiling or suspended ceiling that is easily exposed to the hot air flow of the fire and is conducive to uniform water distribution. When there are obstacles near the sprinkler head, the provisions of Section 7.2 of this specification should be complied with or a sprinkler head should be added to compensate for the water spray intensity.
7.1.2 The layout of upright and pendent sprinkler heads, including the spacing of sprinklers on the same water distribution branch pipe and the spacing of adjacent water distribution branch pipes, should be based on the water spray intensity of the system and the flow coefficient of the sprinkler head. It should be determined according to the working pressure and should not be greater than the requirements in Table 7.1.2, and should not be less than 2.4m.
7.1.3 Except for ceiling-type sprinklers and sprinklers installed under the ceiling, the distance between the splash plate and the top plate of upright and pendant standard sprinklers should not be less than 75mm and should not be greater than 150mm. .
1 When nozzles are arranged on the plane below the bottom of beams or other obstacles, the distance between the splash plate and the top plate should not be greater than 300mm, and the vertical distance between the splash plate and the bottom of beams and other obstacles should not be greater than 300mm. It should be less than 25mm and should not be greater than 1OOmm.
2 When arranging sprinklers between beams, the provisions of Article 7.2.1 of this specification shall be complied with. If there is any difficulty, the distance between the splash plate and the top plate should not be greater than 550mm.
When nozzles are arranged between beams and the distance between the nozzle splash plate and the top plate reaches 550mm and still cannot meet the requirements of Article 7.2.1, additional nozzles should be installed below the bottom surface of the beams.
3 The vertical distance between the sprinkler head under the dense-ribbed beam plate and the splash plate and the bottom surface of the dense-ribbed beam plate should not be less than 25mm and should not be greater than 1OOmm.
4 In places where the clearance height does not exceed 8m, for cross beams arranged with a spacing of no more than 4×4 (m), one sprinkler head can be arranged between the beams, but the water spray intensity should still comply with Table 5. 0.1 requirement.
7.1.4 The distance between the splash plate and the top plate of the early suppression fast response nozzle should comply with the provisions of Table 7.1.4:
7.1.5 Books Nozzles should be installed above passages in libraries, archives, shopping malls, and warehouses. The horizontal distance between the sprinkler head and the protected object should not be less than 0.3m; the minimum vertical distance between the sprinkler head splash plate and the protected object should not be less than the provisions of Table 7.1.5:
7.1.6 The built-in nozzles on the shelf should be arranged staggered with the nozzles under the roof. The distance between the splash plate and the upper shelf should comply with the provisions of Article 7.1.3 of this specification, and the vertical distance from the top surface of the goods below should not be less than 150mm.
7.1.7 The shelf laminate above the nozzle in the shelf should be a closed laminate. If there are holes or gaps above the nozzles in the shelves, a heat-collecting water baffle should be installed above the nozzles. The heat collecting water baffle should be a square or circular metal plate, and its plane area should not be less than 0.12m2. The lower edge of the surrounding curved edge should be flush with the splash plate of the nozzle.
7.1.8 When there are combustible materials in the stuffy roof and technical interlayer with a clearance height greater than 800mm, nozzles should be installed.
7.1.9 When an automatic sprinkler system is installed in a local place, sprinkler heads should be installed on the outside of the walkways or connecting doors and windows connected to adjacent places without automatic sprinkler systems.
7.1.10 Where a permeable suspended ceiling is installed, the sprinkler heads should be arranged under the ceiling.
7.1.11 When the roof or ceiling is inclined, the nozzles should be perpendicular to the inclined surface, and the nozzle spacing should be determined according to the distance between the inclined surfaces.
A row of sprinklers should be installed at the ridge of the pointed roof. The vertical distance from the sprinkler splash plate to the roof ridge should not be greater than 0.8m when the roof slope is ≥1/3; when the roof slope is <1/3, it should not be greater than 0.6m.
7.1.12 The maximum protection span and spacing of side wall type standard sprinkler heads should comply with the provisions of Table 7.1.12:
7.1.13 Side wall type The maximum protection span of the extended coverage sprinkler head, the spacing of the sprinkler heads on the water distribution branch pipe, and the distance between the sprinkler head and the end walls on both sides should be based on the working pressure of the sprinkler head that can wet the opposite wall and adjacent end walls that are less than 1.2m away from the splash pan. Determine, and the water spray intensity within the protected area should comply with the provisions of Table 5.0.1 of this specification.
7.1.14 For upright side wall sprinklers, the distance between the splash plate and the top plate should not be less than 1OOmm and should not be greater than 150mm. The distance from the back wall should not be less than 50mm and should not be Greater than 1OOmm.
The distance between the horizontal side wall sprinkler splash plate and the top plate should not be less than 150mm and should not be greater than 300mm.
7.1.15 The sprinkler arrangement of the fire separation water curtain should ensure that the width of the water curtain is not less than 6m. When using water curtain nozzles, there should be no less than 3 rows of nozzles; when using open sprinkler nozzles, there should be no less than 2 rows of nozzles. The nozzles of the protective cooling water curtain should be arranged in a single row.
7.2 Distance between sprinkler heads and obstacles
7.2.1 The distance between upright and pendent sprinkler heads and beams and ventilation ducts should comply with Table 7.2.1 regulations (see Figure 7.2.1).
7.2.2 Within the range of 0.45m below the splash plate of upright and pendent standard sprinkler heads, and 0.9m below the splash plate of other upright and pendent sprinkler heads, if there are intermittent obstacles such as roof trusses When there are objects or pipes, the minimum horizontal distance between the sprinkler head and adjacent obstacles should comply with the requirements in Table 7.2.2.
7. 2. 3 When the width of beams, ventilation ducts, rows of pipes, bridges and other obstacles is greater than 1.2m, sprinklers should be added below them. If there is a gap above the additional nozzle, a heat collecting plate should be installed.
7. 2. 4 The horizontal distance between the upright and pendant sprinkler heads and the ceiling-less partition wall shall not be greater than twice the vertical distance between the sprinkler head splash plate and the top surface of the ceiling-less partition wall.
7. 2. 5 The distance between upright and pendant sprinkler heads and obstacles against the wall shall comply with the following regulations:
1 When the cross-sectional side length of the obstacle is less than 750mm, the distance between the sprinkler heads and The distance from the obstacle should be determined according to Formula 7.2.5:
2 The cross-sectional side length of the obstacle is equal to or greater than 750mm or the calculated value of a is greater than the distance between the nozzle and the end wall in Table 7.1.2 of this specification When required, additional sprinkler heads should be installed under obstacles against the wall.
7. 2. 6 Within 1m on both sides of the side wall sprinkler head and 2m directly in front of it, there should be no obstacles blocking the water spray under the roof or ceiling.
Extended information:
1. The fire sprinkler system is a fire extinguishing device and a widely used fixed fire fighting facility. It has the characteristics of low price and high fire extinguishing efficiency. . According to different functions, it can be divided into two forms: manual control and automatic control. The system is equipped with an alarm device that can automatically sound an alarm when a fire occurs. The automatically controlled fire sprinkler system can automatically spray and work in conjunction with other fire protection facilities, so it can effectively control and extinguish initial fires.
2. Fire sprinkler system classification
Closed fire sprinkler system
Usually the roof fire water tank is filled with water. When a fire occurs, the sprinkler head reaches a temperature of After a certain temperature (usually 68°C), the chrome plating on the nozzle melts, and the water in the pipe automatically sprays out under the action of the water pressure of the fire water tank. At this time, the wet alarm valve automatically opens, and the pressure switch in the valve automatically opens, and this pressure switch has Once the signal line is connected to the fire pump, the pump will start automatically. Then the sprinkler pump supplies the water from the pool to the pipe network through the pipes, and the entire fire protection system starts to work.
Open fire sprinkler system
The system is equipped with a smoke detector to detect smoke. When the smoke reaches a certain concentration, the smoke detector will alarm. After confirmation by the host Feedback to the action of the sound and light alarm will sound or flash lights to warn people, and the linkage anti-smoke exhaust fan will start to start exhausting smoke. At the same time, the solenoid valve of the deluge valve will be opened, and the sprinkler pump will be linked to the open sprinkler head to directly spray water.
3. Design Principles
The design principle of the fire sprinkler system is to determine the number and type of sprinkler heads based on the area of ??the place of use and the objects that need fire protection.
Number of sprinkler heads
Generally, factories and entertainment venues arrange one sprinkler head every 10-20 square meters, while warehouses are relatively denser, with every 5- Arrange a sprinkler head in an area of ??10 square meters.
IV. Type Selection
Different sprinkler heads can be selected according to different locations:
1. Drooping sprinkler head
The pendant type sprinkler head is the most widely used type of sprinkler head. It is installed pendantly on the water supply branch pipe. The shape of the sprinkler is parabolic, spraying 80 to 100% of the total water volume to the ground.
Mainly used in places that do not require decoration, such as workshops, warehouses, parking garages, kitchens, etc.
2. Upright sprinkler heads
Suitable for installation in places with a lot of moving objects and prone to collisions, such as warehouses, and can also be installed concealed on the roof of a room's suspended ceiling mezzanine for protection Ceilings with more flammable materials should be installed.
The vertical sprinkler head is installed upright on the water supply branch pipe. The sprinkler shape is parabolic, spraying 80 to 100% of the total water volume downward, and at the same time, part of it is sprayed towards the suspended ceiling.
3. Ordinary sprinkler heads
Suitable for restaurants, shops, warehouses, underground garages and other places. Ordinary sprinkler heads can be installed directly or hung down on the sprinkler pipe network, spraying 40%-60% of the total water volume downward, with the larger part sprayed towards the ceiling.
4. Side wall sprinkler heads
Suitable for places where pipe layout is difficult, side wall sprinkler heads are installed against the wall. It is mainly used in lightly dangerous parts of buildings such as offices, foyers, lounges, corridors and guest rooms.
5. Application
The manual control series is generally used on ships. Combined with the ship's fire protection system, pipes are laid around the ship's cab and living areas to install sprinklers. Once the ship itself breaks out When fighting a fire or extinguishing a fire on other ships on fire, when the fire protection system is working, the sprinkler heads spray to protect the ship's cab and living area at the same time.
The automatic control series has been widely used in civil buildings, public places, factories, warehouses and other places because of its low price, easy use, safety and reliability.
Reference: Baidu Encyclopedia-Fire Sprinkler System