It is hard for us to imagine that the hunter-gatherer society and the agricultural society are not only different in food, but also in the whole social behavior pattern.
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First of all, hunting and gathering should be eaten while walking, so a small group of people may need hundreds of kilometers of resources. They are a group of people who walk from south to north and from east to west. However, it is not easy to buy a house in an agricultural society. Generally speaking, it is not natural or man-made disasters that last for several years and will not migrate. Just look at the later "Braving the Guandong".
Secondly, the hunter-gatherer society can't be fixed on a piece of land, so they can't form a large-scale family, and it's hard to produce more complicated interpersonal relationships. In the agricultural society, we know that China's early countries, such as Xia, Shang, Zhou, Qin and Warring States, all came from families.
Moreover, the hunter-gatherer society cannot produce complex interpersonal relationships, so there is no need for those red tape. They believe in animism, and it is enough to worship nature. Gold and silver have no more attraction to them except decoration. In an agricultural society, this is too low-level. They made a set of etiquette rules, which stipulated who should exercise which rights. Moreover, they pay attention to property accumulation and are proud of how many pigs they have. In short, it is becoming more and more complicated and differentiated.
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What are the typical sites in the early and middle paleolithic period in China?
Xihoudu, Ruicheng County, Yuncheng City, Shanxi Province, is located in the south of Henan Province, which is10.8 million years ago. Stone tools, cut antlers, charred bones and animal fossils were found in the site.
Lantian people and their culture in Chenjiawo and Gongwangling in Lantian County, Shaanxi Province, Qinling Mountains and Luonan Basin are between1150,000-500,000 years ago. Fossils of skulls, mandibles and teeth were found, as well as stone tools and animal fossils.
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Nihewan Basin and the southern foot of Yanshan Mountain, the sites include Xiaochangliang, Dongguto, Banshan and Liang Fei? H Wan Jia, Maquangou, etc. The site is generally located at the lakeside of Gu Ni River bend in the late Early Pleistocene. Xiaochangliang site is over 1 10,000 years ago. Among them, the Donggutuo site belongs to the ancient lakeside open-air site, and thousands of stone products have been found, and the later processing is more exquisite.
The sites in the Hanshui River Basin and the middle reaches of the Yangtze River include Quyuan Estuary in Xun County, Meipu Gulong Cave in the northeast of Xun County, Bailong Cave in Xun County, etc. The stone industry mostly uses the sand and gravel raw materials near the river beach and makes them directly, which is the representative of the sand and gravel industry in South China. In the south of China, there are Yuanmou people and their cultures about 1.7 million years ago, and Guanyin Cave in Qianxi, Guizhou. Found animal bone fragments, charred bones and animal fossils with artificial traces.
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From the above examples, it can be roughly seen that in the early and middle paleolithic period, although people migrated north and south due to the influence of resources and climate, they mainly lived in open valleys in piedmont basins and rivers, and the stone culture changed slowly and the regional differences were small. Prehistoric hunters are not as free as we thought.
At this time, there has been a regional difference between north and south in China. The development of small stone tools in the north shows that people are more dependent on meat, and small stone tools can be peeled and boned more fully. The bones of the animals found were badly broken, and it is conceivable how people ate at that time. The south has a warm climate and abundant resources. In many cases, it is not necessary to use it carefully, and the stone tools are also relatively heavy, mainly some chopping tools, sharp instruments and stone balls, which can be used for cutting, digging and hitting. Further south, it is hotter in South China, where coarse gravel tools are popular. People live on the floodplain, and stone tools are made while using them, processing nuts and digging roots. Hunting animals is dangerous, tiring and unstable. Here, collecting plants is enough to eat.
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This article first appeared in the headline number.
The headline king goes to the hard history, and the ancient and modern affairs channel: refuses to joke about history, does not catch shadows, does not grandstanding, and only provides the rough lines of hard history and the deep thinking of scholars.