Characteristics of Volleyball Competition
Volleyball competition is a team competition between two teams of players on a playing field separated by a net. There are different ways of competition, which can adapt to specific situations and provide people with different competitions.
The goal of the competition is for each team to hit the ball over the net in a proper way and land on the opponent's court, while preventing the ball from landing on its own court. Each team has three chances to return the ball to the opponent's court (except blocking the ball).
The game starts with serving. Players hit the ball over the net and enter the opponent's court. Both sides hit the ball back and forth until the ball touches the ground, goes out of bounds or the first team can't return it correctly.
In volleyball, a team wins a goal and gets a point (scoring system). When the receiving team wins a goal, the team gets a point and gets the right to serve.
First Competition
Chapter 1 Equipment and Equipment
Competition area
The competition area includes the competition court and barrier-free area, and it is a symmetrical rectangle.
1 Scope
Volleyball Rules 1999-2
The competition court is an 18-meter x9-meter rectangular court, surrounded by rectangular barrier-free areas that are symmetrical and at least 3 meters wide. There must be no obstacles in the space at least 7 meters above the ground.
FIVB world and official competitions, the off-site barrier-free area must be at least 5 meters from the sideline; 8 meters from the end line; The height above the ground must be at least 12.5 meters.
1.2 surface of the field
1.2.1 The surface must be flat, level and consistent, and the surface of the field must make the players free from injury. Rough and slippery courses are strictly prohibited. FIVB world and official competitions, only wooden or artificial rubber venues are allowed. Any stadium must be approved by FlVB first.
1.2.2 the surface of the indoor court must be light.
in p>FlVB world and official competitions, the boundaries of the stadium are all white, and the venues and barrier-free areas should be distinguished by different colors.
1.2.3 The outdoor stadium can have an inclination of .5 cm per meter to facilitate drainage. The boundary is forbidden to be made of solid materials.
1.3 Stadium boundaries
1.3.1 All stadium boundaries are 5cm wide and must be light in color, which is different from the ground and other lines.
1.3.2 boundary:
The playing field consists of two sideline lines and two end lines. Both the sideline and the end line are included in the range of the competition field.
1.3.3 center line:
The center line divides the court into 9 meters x9 meters on each side, and this line extends from the net to two sideline lines.
1.3.4 attack line
the attack line is located three meters back from the center point of the center line.
1.4 venue and area
1.4.1 forecourt
FlVB world and official competition, draw five dashed lines with a length of 15cm, a width of 5cm and an interval of 2cm on both sides of the attack line, with a total length of 1.75m (including line width). The front area extends beyond the sideline to the bottom of the barrier-free area.
1.4.2 service court
the service court is an area located behind the end line (excluding the end line) and 9 meters wide. On both sides of this area, there are two short lines 2 cm behind the end line and 15 cm in length, which extend to the sideline. Both lines are included in the width of this area.
in terms of depth, the service area can be extended to the end of the off-court barrier-free area.
1.4.3 replacement area
the replacement area is the area from the imaginary extension line of two attack lines to the recording station.
1.4.4 Warm-up Area
In p>FlVB world and official competitions, the warm-up area with an area of 3m x 3m is located in the corner of the team seats outside the barrier-free area
1.4.5 Punishment area:
Punishment area is located behind the players' seats of the two teams, with an area of 1m x 1m, with 5 cm wide and red as the boundary, and two chairs are placed.
1.5 temperature
The minimum temperature shall not be lower than 1 degrees Celsius (5 degrees Fahrenheit). In world and official competitions, the maximum temperature shall not exceed 25 degrees Celsius (77 degrees Fahrenheit) and the minimum temperature shall not be lower than 16 degrees Celsius (61 degrees Fahrenheit).
1.6 lighting
In world and official competitions, the lighting of the competition venue shall be one meter above the surface of the venue.
2. net and net post
2.1. net height
2.1.1. The net is placed above the center line, with the height of 2.43 meters for men and 2.24 meters for women.
2.1.2 measure the height of the net, so that the measuring pole is measured from the center of the playing field.
the height between the two ends of the net (above the sideline) and the ground must be equal, and shall not exceed the specified height by more than 2 cm.
2.2 net structure
The net is 1 meter wide and 9.5 meters long, hanging vertically above the center axis.
the mesh surface is composed of black meshes with a width of 1 cm.
The top of the net has a horizontal belt with a width of 5cm, which is folded in half from canvas and sewn along the whole length of the net. There is a hole at both ends of the belt, and a rope passes through the hole to connect with the net column, so that the net top is in a tight state.
there is a flexible steel cable in the middle of the belt, which is beneficial to fasten the net tightly to the net.
under the net (without horizontal belt), a rope runs through the mesh to tie the two net posts, so that the lower half of the net is in a taut state.
2.3 Logo Belt
Two white belts with a width of 5cm and a length of 1m are vertically fastened to the net above the two lines. The logo belt is regarded as a part of the net.
2.4 sign pole
the sign pole is an elastic pole with a length of 1.8m and a diameter of 1mm.
the sign pole is made of glass fiber or similar substances.
two sign poles are tightly tied to the outer edge of the sign belt, and the upper part of one sign pole on each side is 8 cm longer than the top of the net, and it should be painted with contrasting colors every 1 cm, preferably red and white.
the marker pole should be regarded as a part of the net and serve as the boundary on both sides of the effective crossing space. Rule 11.1.1.
2.5 net column
2.5.1 net column is a supporting net, which is located at a distance of .5 to 1. meters between the court and the sideline, and its height is 2.55 meters, and it is best to adjust it.
2.5.2 The net column is round and smooth, and the metal iron rope is not used to fix the net column on the site, and its device must be free from obstruction and danger.
2.6 accessories
all accessories must comply with the provisions of FIVB.
3. Ball
3.1 Specifications of the ball
The ball must be round and made of soft and elastic leather, in which the bladder is made of rubber or similar materials.
color: consistent and light color, or combination color volleyball approved by FIVB.
circumference: 65cm to 67cm.
weight: 26 grams to 28 grams.
internal air pressure: 294.3 to 318.82 mbar (.3 to .325 kg per square centimeter)
3.2 Consistency of ball specifications
The balls used in a game must have the same characteristics, such as the circumference, weight, air pressure, style, etc.
FIVB world and official competitions must use balls approved by FIVB.
3.3 Three-ball system
In p>FIVB world and official competitions, three balls can be used. Therefore, there are six pickers, that is, one in each corner of the barrier-free area and one behind the two referees.
Chapter II Participants
4 Teams
4.1 Team Composition
4.1.1 Each team consists of twelve players, a coach, an assistant coach, a sports trainer and a doctor at most. One of the players is the captain and should be noted on the record. Doctors in FlVB World Championships must obtain FIVB's approval in advance.
4.1.2 each team can choose one player from the 12 decision lists to register as a free defender. (rule 8.5)
4.1.3 Only players who are registered on the record sheet can participate in the competition. Once the coach and team leader sign the record sheet, they cannot be replaced.
4.2 Position of the team
4.2.1 Players must sit in the players' box or the warm-up area (Rule 14.4), while coaches (Rule 5.2.3) and other members sit in the players' box, but they can leave their seats temporarily.
players' seats are outside the barrier-free area next to the recording table.
4.2.2 Only team members can sit in the players' seats, and players can take part in the warm-up during the game (rule 4.1.1)
4.2.3 During the game, players who didn't play in the last game can warm up with their bare hands in the warm-up area (rule 1.4.4), and they can do warm-up exercises in the barrier-free area behind their court during the pause.
players who have an intermission can warm up with the ball in the barrier-free area.
4.3 Equipment
Players' equipment includes sweatshirts, shorts and sneakers.
4.3.1 Sweaters, shorts and socks must be consistent, neat and the same color. (except for free defenders, rule 8.5)
4.3.2 sneakers must be light and soft and made of rubber or leather.
In FIVB World Adult Group Championship, the color of shoes must be the same for the whole team, but the color pattern of trademarks can be different; Competition clothes must meet the standard specifications approved by FIVB.
4.3.3 Players' jerseys must be numbered from 1 to 18.
the number p>4.3.3.1 must be in the center of the chest and back. The color of the number must contrast with the sweater.
4.3.3.2 The number on the front of the jersey should be at least 15cm high, the number on the back should be at least 2cm high, and the strokes of the number should be at least 2cm wide.
In p>FIVB world and official competitions, the number should be embroidered on the right leg pants at least 4 to 6 cm high and at least 1 cm wide.
4.3.4 The captain should wear a belt with a length of 8cm and a width of 2cm under his chest number for identification.
4.3.5 it is forbidden to wear jerseys with numbers that do not conform to the regulations (rule 4.3.3) or with different colors from the players on the same team. (Rule 4.3.1; Except for free defense players, rule 8.5)
4.4 Replacement of equipment
The first referee may allow one or more players:
4.4.1 barefoot competition.
4.4.2 change sweaty sweatshirts between bureaus or after substitution. But the color, style and number of the new sweatshirt must be the same as the original one.
4.4.3 When the weather is cold, the first referee may allow the team to wear training clothes, but the colors and styles of the whole team's clothes must be the same, and (except for free defense players) they must wear legal numbers. After permission, all team players must follow the (Rule 4.3.3.i)
4.5 Prohibited objects
4.5.1 Prohibited wearing may cause injuries to players or
4.5.2 players can wear glasses, but the danger must be borne by themselves.
5. Team leader: both the team leader and the coach are responsible for the behavior and discipline of the team members.
5.1 A free agent is not allowed to be the captain
5.1.1 Before the game starts, the captain should: sign the record sheet to participate in coin toss on behalf of the team.
5.1.2 during the game, if the team captain is on the field, he will become the captain of the game.
When the captain doesn't play in the game, the coach or the captain himself must appoint another player to replace the captain until the captain returns to the game or the game is over. Only when the ball is dead, the team leader and himself have the right to ask the referee:
5.1.2.1 to explain the cited rules. You can also convey teammates' requirements or questions to the referee.
if the referee's explanation cannot be accepted, the captain must immediately raise an objection to the referee, and reserve the right to record the objection on the record table as a formal protest after the game (Rule 23.2.4)
5.1.2.2 Ask for approval
to change the sportswear or equipment,
confirm the position of the players,
check the court, net, ball, etc.
5.1.2.3 Request the match to be suspended according to law (Rule 16.2.1)
5.1.3 At the end of the match, the team leader should:
5.1.3.1 Thank the referee and sign the record to acknowledge the match result.
5.1.3.2 If he has raised an objection to the first referee, he can confirm the record of the protest on the record table (rule 5.1.2.1)
5.2 Coach
5.2.1 During the game, the coach sat on the sidelines to instruct his team to play, and the coach asked the second referee for a lineup, a timeout, a substitute, etc.
5.2.2 Before the game, the coach should register or check the names and numbers of his players' records and sign them.
5.2.3 In the game
5.2.3.1 Before each game, the coach should hand over the completed and signed players' playing list to the recorder or the second referee.
5.2.3.2 During the game, he must sit in the player's seat closest to the recorder, but he can leave temporarily.
5.2.3.3 Request to suspend or substitute players.
5.2.3.4 The coach may stand or walk between the barrier-free area in front of the players' seats and the warm-up area for guidance, but shall not interfere with or delay the game.
5.3 Assistant Coach
5.3.1 The assistant coach sits on the player's bench, but has no right to schedule the game.
5.3.2 if the coach has to leave the team, the assistant coach can perform the coach's task with the approval of the first referee at the request of the team captain.
Chapter III Competition Form
6 Score one point, win one game, win one game
6.1 Score one point
6.1.1 When the team fouls, the referee will whistle and punish
6.1.1.1 If more than two consecutive fouls occur, it will only be considered as the first foul.
6.1.1.2 if both sides' fouls occur at the same time, they are called fouls, and the ball will not be counted and the game will be played again.
6.1.2 result of foul
If the result of foul, one point will be lost:
6.1.2.1 If the receiving team fouls, the serving team will get one point and continue to have the right to serve.
6.1.2.2 If the team fouls, the team will get a point and get the right to serve.
6.2 wins a game
From the first week to the fourth game, if you score 25 points and lead by at least 2 points, you will win a game (except the fifth game). If the score is 24:24, you must lead the opposing team by 2 points, (Example: 26:24; 27:25)
6.3 wins one game
6.3.1 The team that wins three games is the winning team in this game.
6.3.2 if the number of games is 2-2, in the tie breaker (fifth game), score 15 points first and lead the opposing team by 2 points to win.
6.4 The team has not played and the lineup is incomplete
6.4.1 If the team refuses to play after being warned by the referee, it will be disqualified. The opposing team won by :25 in each game and :3 in this game.
6.4.2 if a team fails to play the game within the specified time without justifiable reasons, it will be declared absent, and its judgment result is the same as that in rule 6.4.1.
6.4.3 If the team's lineup is incomplete, so that the game or match cannot be played (rule 7.3.1.1), the team will be judged to have failed in the game or match. The opposing team will get the score or score and the number of games needed to win the game or the game. The team that failed to finish the game maintained its original scores and innings.
7. Competition procedure
7.1 Coin toss: The first referee before the game will execute the coin toss decision.