During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Pengcheng belonged to Song, and then to Chu. After the reunification of Qin Dynasty, Pengcheng County was established.
During the Chu-Han period, the overlord of the western Chu Dynasty built Pengcheng as its capital. Pengcheng County was established in the Western Han Dynasty and Pengcheng was established in the Eastern Han Dynasty.
During the Three Kingdoms period, Cao Cao moved the secretariat of Xuzhou to Pengcheng, which was called Xuzhou from the beginning.
Each generation of Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties set up Pengcheng State or Xuzhou, mostly in Pengcheng.
Xuzhou was established in the Sui Dynasty, and then Pengcheng was ruled by Pengcheng County.
In the early Tang Dynasty, the names of Xuzhou and Pengcheng County were exchanged many times, and Xuzhou was the resident of our province in the middle and late period.
In the Five Dynasties, there were Xuzhou in each dynasty, which ruled Pengcheng and led 7 counties.
Xuzhou was established in Song and Yuan Dynasties, and its subordination and jurisdiction changed frequently.
At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Xuzhou was once the capital of Zhili, and later it belonged to Nanjing.
In the early Qing Dynasty, Xuzhou was successively Zhili Prefecture, belonging to jiangnan province and Jiangsu Province. At the end of Yongzheng, it was promoted to Xuzhou Prefecture, which governed 1 state 7 counties.
In the early Republic of China, the government was abolished, and Xuzhou was subordinate to Guo Tongshan County. Later, Xu Haidao was established to govern Tongshan (Xuzhou).
During the Japanese-Puppet War, Xuzhou was located in Tongshan County and was once the capital of Puppet Huaihai Province. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the National Government still owned Xuzhou, which belonged to Jiangsu.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Xuzhou was retained, originally a city under the jurisdiction of Shandong Province, and was transferred back to Jiangsu Province three years later. At the same time, Xuzhou Special Zone is established in Xuzhou, which governs 1 1 counties and cities. Since then, Xuzhou City and Xuzhou Special Zone have coexisted, and the jurisdiction has changed in different periods. 1983, Jiangsu province implemented the system of city governing counties, withdrew from Xuzhou area, and placed six counties under its jurisdiction under Xuzhou city. Xuzhou now governs 5 districts and 6 counties (cities).
Xuzhou geography
Xuzhou is located in the northwest of Jiangsu province, east longitude11622 ′ ~11840 ′, north latitude 33 43 ′ ~ 34 58 ′. The east-west length is about 2 10/0km, and the north-south width is about140km, with a total area of11258km2, accounting for 1 1% of the total area of Jiangsu Province. Located at the junction of Jiangsu, Shandong, Henan and Anhui provinces, it is the junction of the eastern coastal and central regions, Shanghai Economic Zone and Bohai Economic Zone. "Huaihai in the east, Central Plains in the west, Jianghuai in the south and Qilu in the north" is known as the "thoroughfare of five provinces". Beijing-Shanghai and Longhai railways meet here. The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal runs through the north and south of Xuzhou, extending in all directions, connecting Beijing and Tianjin in the north, Shanghai and Nanjing in the south, Lan Xin in the west and the seaside in the east. It is an important land and water transportation hub in China and an important "crossroads" of economic ties between east, west, north and south.
Xuzhou humanities
Xuzhou is rich in ancient cultural sites, and the remains of the ancient road in Ren Shan in the Tang Dynasty still exist. Ten thousand cultural relics unearthed in Dadunzi, Liu Ling and Huating in Neolithic Age are exquisite and rare. * * * Excavate hundreds of ancient tombs, mainly Han tombs, including Tushan Han Tomb (the northern foot of Yunlong Mountain), Beidongshan Han Tomb (Maocun Village in the northern suburb), Dongdongshan Han Tomb (Xiadian Township) and Liu Zhu Tomb (Picking up Xiaoguishan Mountain). Xuzhou is one of the most concentrated areas of Han Dynasty stone reliefs. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, nearly 30 complete Han Dynasty stone reliefs have been found, and about 400 Han Dynasty stone reliefs have been scattered, which is also called "the Three Treasures of Jiangsu" with the stone carvings of Nanjing Six Dynasties and Suzhou Ming and Qing Gardens. The places of interest in Xuzhou are strong in South America and strong in the north. Yunlong Mountain, Xinghua Temple and its stone Buddha, Jiulishan Baiyun Cave, Hubu Mountain Horse Stage, and Wang Ba Building, Pengzu Building, Huanglou Building, Kuilou Building and Yanzi Building, commonly known as the "fifth floor", represent the traditional cultural characteristics of Xuzhou. Ancient buildings, modern cultural relics and revolutionary cultural relics such as Qianlong Palace, Xinghua Temple, Confucian Temple, Jin Quan Archway, Pengzu Temple, Daotai Yamen, Wu Yalu's former residence and Guo Leshan's former residence have all been valued and protected by the municipal government.
In the history of Xuzhou, the brilliant achievements of many leaders and the wonderful poems of literati are recorded:
(1), Peng Zu
Xuzhou, called Pengcheng in ancient times, originated in Peng Zu. According to legend, Peng Zu is a descendant of the Yellow Emperor. Peng Zu is a famous birthday girl, who lived 800 years. He is good at instructing Qigong and cooking, and is known as the originator of China cooking. It is said that the wild chicken soup he cooked was dedicated to Emperor Yao, and Da Peng State was established. There is a 520-mu park in the southern suburbs, named Pengyuan. There are Peng Zu statues carved in white marble, Pengzu Temple and the Great Peng Ge in the park, which has become an activity place for overseas Peng descendants to come to Xuxungen to worship their ancestors.
② Emperor Gaozu
Xuzhou is the hometown of Han Gaozu, the first cloth emperor in China history. His birth is mysterious. It is said that Emperor Gaozu's mother got pregnant from the rain and stopped the dragon on the bridge. The bridge where she was pregnant is in Lianglou Village, northeast of Fengxian County today. In order to avoid chaos when he was a child, Emperor Gaozu moved to a place about three miles north of Peicheng. Therefore, there is a saying in the local area that "the Emperor Gaozu was rich".
When Emperor Gaozu was 30 years old, he served as the director of Surabaya in charge of public security on the bank of Surabaya in Zhidong Yili, Pei County. Eight years' tingchang career is of great significance to Emperor Gaozu. During this period, he got to know a group of people such as Xiao He, Fan Kuai and so on, who played an important role in his later political activities.
In July 209 BC, Chen Sheng and Guangwu revolted in osawa Township, and in September, Emperor Gaozu swore an uprising on the banks of Sishui River. Since then, Emperor Gaozu's influence has been growing. After eight years of war, he resisted Qin, overthrew Chu and finally established a unified Han Dynasty.
In the tenth year of Emperor Gaozu, Emperor Gaozu returned from the rebellion and passed through Peixian's hometown to host a banquet in Peigong. 120 teenagers were also selected to form a choir to help sober up. When the wine was warm and the ears were hot, Emperor Gaozu drummed and sang a poem: The wind blows and clouds fly, the weaver girl returns to her hometown in the sea, the brave soldiers guard everywhere, and the children sing along. Song, high-impedance sword dance, very sad. I said to the elders in Pei County: Wanderers are homesick. Although I take Chang 'an as my capital, my soul will return to my hometown after a hundred years.
After Gaozu left Pei, Pei wanted to show the emperor's prestige. He hired a good craftsman to carve Song of the Big Wind on a stone, and built a platform 100 feet high, on which he erected a monument. According to legend, the tablet Song of the Big Wind was written by Cai Yong in the Eastern Han Dynasty. After more than two thousand years of ups and downs, it has been passed down to this day.
(3) Xiang Yu and the Circus
Xiang Yu (232 BC-202 BC), a native of China, is the next minister. He is eight feet long, can carry a tripod and is very talented. In 209 BC, Wuzhong and the Rebels joined hands to destroy Qin. In 206 BC, Pengcheng, the capital, established its position as the overlord of the Western Chu State, dominating the world. In the Chu-Han War, the defeat killed him in Wujiang River. Its statue was built in the summer of 1987 and is 285 cm high. It stood in the wind, its helmet penetrated the armor and stepped on the rock. It looks reserved, dignified, willful and fierce.
The circus stage is one of the earliest existing monuments in Xuzhou, a famous historical and cultural city. In 206 BC, after Xiang Yu, the hero of the world, destroyed Qin, he established himself as the overlord of the West Chu, making Pengcheng his capital, and built a platform to watch horses on the Nanshan Mountain in the south of the city, hence the name.
Many buildings have been built on the stage in past dynasties, such as Taitou Temple, Sanyi Temple, Mingguan Temple, Polycrystalline Silicon Academy, Songcui Mountain House, Monument Pavilion and so on.
The third prince is in Wuli.
In Xuzhou, especially in Pei County. When it comes to "three princes in five miles", the local villagers will be full of energy and relish. The so-called "three princes" refer to the tombs of Prince Anguo, Duke Jiang Zhou and Duke Ru Yin Guan Ying in the early Han Dynasty. Their former residences are all in Anguo Township, Pei County, Xuzhou today. The three places are five miles apart, so they are called "five princes and three princes".
Tomb, Zhou Bo and Guan Ying were all important ministers in the early Han Dynasty, who made great contributions to the seizure of power by Emperor Gaozu and made great efforts to consolidate the Han regime. This is just a representative statement. In the early Qin Dynasty, there were many talented people in Xuzhou, such as the man of the hour and the vassal. According to statistics, after Emperor Gaozu proclaimed himself emperor, there were 143 people, including 23 people from Xuzhou, including Xiao He, Changzhou and Fan Kuai.
(5) Su Dongpo
To the east of Qingyun Bridge in Xuzhou City, a yellow high-rise building with double cornices stands on the levee on the south bank of the Yellow River, which is a newly restored yellow building.
Taohuawu in history was built on the east gate of Xuzhou city 900 years ago in August of the first year of Yuanfeng, Song Shenzong (1078), after Su Shi, the magistrate of Xuzhou, led Xuzhou soldiers and civilians to overcome the flood. In the tenth year of Xining (10 1 1), Su Dongpo was transferred from Mizhou (Zhucheng, Shandong) to Xuzhou. Su Shi did many good things for Xuzhou people year after year in November, and also wrote many famous articles describing Xuzhou customs.
Su Shi has only been in Xuzhou for three months, when the Yellow River flooded and the flood forced Xuzhou. Su Shi is a fan of pro-Dutch, a grass builder and a native of building houses, so he never goes home. Under his organization, command and influence, the army and the people United as one, and finally avoided the disaster of flooding. Su Shi's feat of "being handsome, a blessing in disguise, knowing that it is a blessing in disguise" was rewarded by the court and won the gratitude and respect of Xuzhou people. In order to prevent the threat of flood to Xuzhou, Su Shi built a dike to strengthen the shore and raised the tower on the other hand. In February of the first year of Yuanfeng, two-story buildings were built at the east gate of the city. Because "water is restricted by soil", he painted it with loess and named it the Yellow House, which means "soil is better than water". On September 9th, the Double Ninth Festival, Su Li hosted a banquet for guests, held a ceremony and played music to celebrate the completion of Taohuawu. He happily wrote a poem "Peach Blossom House in September" as a souvenir. Since then, Taohuawu has become a historical attraction in Xuzhou.
In addition to Taohuawu, Xuzhou has many historical sites and touching legends related to Su Dongpo, including Su Causeway and yunlong lake, which is also a water control project. Dongpo is drunk, and now there is an inscription "Dongpo Stone Bed"; Su Shi and Zhang, a hermit of Yunlong Mountain, drank wine in the crane pavilion to express their feelings; Kuaizai Pavilion named after Su Shi's Kuaizai This Fu; The "today's red island" in the old course of the Yellow River is said to come from "Miss Su gave her life to dive, and her red makeup is now in the yellow water". All these have pinned the love and nostalgia of Xuzhou people for Su Dongpo.
(6) Qianlong
Qianlong was in power for 60 years, and * * * visited Xuzhou four times, all of which stopped on the way to southern China. The main purpose is to "read the river", that is, to investigate the water situation of the Yellow River and the river prevention project in Xuzhou.
In the 22nd year of Qianlong (1757), Li Beihang abandoned the ship and landed in Xuzhou. Soon after the disaster, the hungry people were everywhere, the plague was prevalent, and it was a miserable scene. The accompanying minister advised the emperor not to go to Xuzhou in person and insisted on visiting Xu. He wrote in the poem "Disaster Still Exists": "Disaster still exists. As the ancients said, it must be Ju-Hang Seo, and officials should stop it. Go to Guan Minfan, rather endure summer to avoid this. " Emperor Qianlong attached great importance to the "people" and went to the disaster area without avoiding the plague. It can't be said that it is a performance of diligence and love for the people.
After this inspection, Qianlong instructed the local government to build a palace to facilitate living in Xuzhou again. Qianlong Palace is located at the foot of the scenic Yunlong Mountain. Ganlong is very satisfied with the palace. He personally wrote two couplets for the palace, "The famous garden is surrounded by green water, the wild bamboo is green" and "The outdoor peak is beautiful, and the front steps are deep".
After the end of the Qing Dynasty, most of the buildings in the Qianlong Palace were destroyed. There are three halls and three east-west apartments. Now this former palace has become a place for social education and public entertainment.
Brief introduction of Xuzhou
Xuzhou, located at the intersection of Beijing-Shanghai and Longhai railways, has been a battleground for military strategists since ancient times and is known as the "thoroughfare of five provinces".
Xuzhou, known as Pengcheng in ancient times, has a long history of more than 4,000 years. Peng Zu, the originator of the Book of Changes and health preservation in China, Emperor Gaozu, the founding emperor of the Han Dynasty, an outstanding figure and a genius Xiang Yu all left their traces in Xuzhou. There are countless cultural heritages and places of interest in Pengcheng, among which the culture of the Han Dynasty, represented by the "three wonders of the Han Dynasty"-terracotta warriors, tombs and stone reliefs, is the most striking, with great artistic appreciation and archaeological value. At the beginning of each year 10, Xuzhou also holds the China Cultural International Tourism Festival. The scenic spots centered on Yunlong Landscape and Quanshan Forest Park are beautiful in the south of North America, which is more beautiful than Jiangnan. It is a famous scenic spot in northern Jiangsu.
General situation of Xuzhou
Area code: 05 16
Postal code: 22 1000
Location: Xuzhou, located in the northwest of Jiangsu Province, is the largest city in northern Jiangsu and the center of Huaihai Economic Zone composed of Sulu, Henan and Anhui border areas. "Huaihai in the east, Central Plains in the west, Jianghuai in the south and Qilu in the north" is known as the "thoroughfare of five provinces". Beijing-Shanghai and Longhai railways meet here. The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal runs through the north and south of Xuzhou, extending in all directions, connecting Beijing and Tianjin in the north, Shanghai and Nanjing in the south, Lan Xin in the west and the seaside in the east. It is an important land and water transportation hub in China and an important "crossroads" of economic ties between east, west, north and south. The total area of the city is 1 1258 square kilometers, of which the urban area is 963 square kilometers.
Population: The total population of the city is 88 1 10,000, of which the urban population is 1.78 million.
Division: It has jurisdiction over two county-level cities, namely Yunlong, Gulou, Jiuli, Quanshan, Jiawang, Xinyi and Pizhou, and four counties, namely Tongshan, Suining, Peixian and Fengxian.